翻译英语词组

就是保湿的意思

veil应理解成遮盖

moisture

n

1 湿气,潮气;水分[U]

The sun will take the moisture out of the clothes

太阳光会把衣服上的水分蒸发掉。

veil

n[C]

1 面纱,面罩[C]

The bride's face was covered in a white veil

新娘的脸上蒙着白色的面纱。

2 帷幕;遮蔽物[S][(+of)]

There was a veil of mist over the mountains

山上覆盖着一层薄雾。

3 托词;幌子[the S][(+of)]

They did evil under the veil of patriotism

他们在爱国主义的幌子下作恶。

4 修女生涯;修女头巾[the S]

She took the veil when she was 18

她十八岁时当了修女。

vt

1 以面纱遮掩

The women there used to veil their faces in public

那里的妇女过去在公共场合通常戴面纱。

2 用帷幕分隔

3 掩饰;遮盖

She made no attempt to veil the contempt in her voice

她语气中毫不掩饰她的轻蔑。

Morning fog veiled the village

晨雾笼罩着村庄。

vi

1 戴面纱

2 摄出现轻度灰雾

替代是一种避免重复的连接上下文的手段。在英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代；同理，替代词也分为名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代词。此外还有状语的替代。

一、名词性替代

用名词性替代词one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。

1名词性替代词

例1：the child doesn’t like this book show him a more interesting one (one = book)

例2：his novel is a bad one for children (one = novel)

2某些不定代词

在名词性替代中还可以用一些不定代词来替代。如all, both, some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the ) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either等。例如：

i don't want any more food i’ve had enough

3 one 和 ones是最常见的替代词

one的复数形式是onesone 和ones作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词， 不可用来替代不可数名词。例如：

1）the grey horse is stronger than the black one

2）the new design is much better than the old ones

4名词性物主代词mine，yours

名词性物主代词mine, yours等可用来代替my +名词，your +名词等，例如：

“whose is that coat” “it’s mine”

二、动词性替代

用动词替代词do，do so等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。

1谓语的替代形式

do是谓语的替代形式，有时态和人称的变化。例如：

1）some people like a shower after they have played tennis peter does, for example

2）john speaks german as fluently as mary does

2由do，so等组成的复合替代形式

（1）“so +助动词+主语”。例如：

“mary will enter the university in september” “so will joan”

（2）“so +主语+助动词”。例如：

“i’ve been to beijing” ”so you have”

注：这种结构中第二句的主语与第一句的主语是同一个人，否则应像“so +助动词+主语”的结构一样，主谓要倒装。

（3）“主语+（助动词+）do + so”。例如：

“have you sent your plan to the committee”

“i did so yesterday”

（4）“主语+（助动词+）do + that”。例如：

“do you know who broke the television set”

“i heard john did that”

（5）“主语+（助动词+）do + it”。例如：

“my brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the president” ”i did it last week”

注：如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示相同的看法时，则用“neither / nor +do +主语”。此时，do 不是动词替代词，而是助动词。例如：

mary didn’t like english, neither did her brother

3to代替整个动词不定式

当某个动词不定式词组在句子中再次出现时，我们可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个动词不定式词组。例如：

1）i went there because i wanted to (=…because i wanted to go there)

2）perhaps i’ll go to brazil this summer; i’d very much like to

3）“are you and gillian getting married” ”we hope to”

4）i think he should get a job, but you can’t force him to if he’s not ready (to)

5）i don’t dance much now, but i used to a lot

6）we’ll never leave home; he hasn’t got the courage (to)

注1：有时to可省略（尤其是在形容词和名词之后，见例4、6）。在某些动词（如try）之后也可省略to。例如：

“can you start the car” “ok, i’ll try”

注2：在want和would like之后，通常不能省略to。然而，当want或like 用于从句时（例如，在when, if, what, as之后），to常常省略。例如：

1）come when you want

2）i’ve decided to do what i like

3）come and stay as long as you like

三、分句性替代

用分句替代词so或not替代整个分句的现象叫做分句性替代。例如：

many people believe that there will be another world war before the end of the century my father think so, but i believe not

1分句替代词so或not可替代that从句

so可用来替代肯定的that从句，not替代否定的that从句，它们常与i’m afraid, believe, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think等词语搭配。例如：

1）“have we got enough money” “i think so”

2）“we’re not going to be in time” “no, i suppose not”

2 so与not可用来代替if 后面的从句

例1：are you free this evening if so, come and have a drink with us

例2：are you busy this afternoon if not, i wish you would stay with me for a while

3用it, this, that, such作为替代词

例1：if you don’t work hard, you’ll regret it (regret it = regret not working hard)

例2：he was very tired this explains why he went to bed early

例3：you’re trying to cut with the back of the knife; that’s a silly thing to do

例4：i may hurt your feelings, but such (= that) was certainly not my intention

四、状语的替代

1时间状语的替代形式主要用副词then

例如：we saw john at eight on monday evening we told him then that we could be coming to the party

2地点状语的替代形式主要用副词here和there

例如：mary is in london and john is there too

it和that有时也可以用作地点状语的替代形式，这种场合的it和that在句中作主语，并可同there交换使用，谓语动词是联系动词。

例如：they sat right in front of the stage that / it / there was where the noise was greatest

3方式状语的替代形式用in that way和like that

例如：“she plays the piano with great concentration and with great energy” “i’m afraid she doesn’t study like that”

英语几个替代词的用法区别

　导语：替代词即代替名词、动词、形容词、数量词、副词的词。下面我讲解英语替代词的用法区别，欢迎参考!

　■ 替代词it与one有何区别

　一般说来，it表特指，相当于“the+名词”，表示与前面提到的事物为同一物;one表泛指，相当于“a+名词”，表示与前面提到的人或事物为同类，但并非同一。比较：

　I can’t find my pen Have you seen it 我找不到我的钢笔了，你看到过它吗

　I can’t find my pen I think I must buy one 我找不到我的钢笔了，我想我得去买一支。

　另外，注意it与the one的区别：虽然it和the one均表特指，但it后不能接定语短语或定语从句，而the one后面则通常要接定语短语或定语从句。如：

　My room is better than the one next door 我的房间比隔壁房间好。

　He was the one who told the police 告诉警察的就是他。

　■ 替代词one与the one有何区别

　one用作替代词主要用于替代“a+单数可数名词”，表泛指;若需特指，则用the one。两者均可受定语短语或定语从句的修饰。如：

　A fast train is one that goes fast 快车是一种行驶快的火车。

　The accident was similar to one that happened in 2005 这个事故与发生在2005年的事故类似。

　Open the drawer on the left, the one with a key in it 打开左边的抽屉，上面有钥匙的那个。

　Here are six rings Pick out the one you like best 这里有六枚戒指，选出你最喜欢的一枚。

　I want very much to see these films, especially the one you mentioned 我很想看这些**，特别是你提到的那一部。

　■ 替代词the one与that有何区别

　the one与that均可表特指(均为单数意义)，前者可用于指人或指事物，但只用于替代单数可数名词;而后者只用于事物，但可用于替代单数可数名词或不可数名词。如：

　He said he would have the one near him 他说他要靠近他的那一个。

　You’re the one who knows where to go 只有你知道该到哪里去。

　The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou 北京的天气比广州冷。

　A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。

　■ 替代词ones与the ones有何区别

　ones主要用于替代复数名词，表泛指;若需特指，则用the ones。如：

　If you haven’t got a big plate, two small ones will do 如果没有大盘子，两个小盘子也行。

　We still have shortcomings, and very big ones too 我们还有缺点，而且是很大的缺点。

　Do you know the ones who moved here recently 你认识最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗

　The top front teeth are the ones which are most at risk from tooth decay 上门齿是最容易受到腐蚀的牙齿。

　■ 替代词that与those有何区别

　1 that用作替代词主要用于替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”，表特指。如：

　A dog’s intelligence is much greater than that of a cat 狗的智慧比猫的高得多。

　A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。

　2 those用作替代词主要用于替代复数名词，表特指。如：

　It’s up to us to help those in need 我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。

　It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。

　Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in 只有那些预先订票的'人可以进去。

　■ 替代词that与it有何区别

　替代词that与代词it的用法不同，that用于指代前面提到的“同类”事物，而it主要指代前面提到的“同一”事物。如：

　The population of China is much larger than that of Japan 中国人口比日本人口多得多。

　I’m taking a raincoat with me in case I need it 我随身带有雨衣，以备不时不需。

　■ 替代词those与they有何区别

　替代词those与代词they用法也不同，those是指代前面提到的“同类”事物，而they (以及宾格them)主要指代前面提到的“同一”事物。如：

　Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light 红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。

　If the children were to go to the seaside, they would be happy 如果去海边的话，孩子们会很高兴的。

　His books are wonderful I’ve read every one of them 他的书写得好极了，我每一本都读过了

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