动词不定式在句中起着名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它成份。高考侧重考查其作宾语、定语、目的状语、表语的功能以及不带to的用法。
一、不定式的宾语功能
hope, wish, expect, pretend, plan, decide, seem等动词后需接不定式作宾语。
例:She pretended ______ me when I passed by(MET’89)
Anot to see B not seeing
C to not see D having not seen
解析:pretend后应接不定式作宾语,其否定式是“not to do”,故选A。
二、不定式的定语功能
不定式作定语,被其修饰的名词为不定式所表动作的逻辑主语、逻辑宾语等。
例1:There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy
(上海1999)
A to be chosen B to choose from
C to choose D for choosing
解析:从语境可知,该空作定语修饰five pairs,且five pairs为该空所表动作的逻辑宾语,所以应填不定式to choose from作定语,表示“从……中挑选”,故选B。
例2:It seems that he has no pen ______
(北京 2003 春)
A to write B to write with
C writing D writing with
解析:从语境可知该空作定语修饰pen,故选B。
三、不定式的目的状语功能
不定式常作目的状语,同时它可用于一些固定搭配来作目的状语,如 in order (not ) to do,so as (not) to do。
例1:-Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day
-______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up
(上海1999)
A Get B Getting
C To get D To be getting
解析:从语境可知,每天吃一只鸡蛋的目的是给你提供更多的蛋白质和营养,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选C。
例2:In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive
(上海 2002)
A to make B making
C to have make D having make
解析:从语境可知,许多国营公司正在努力的目的是使他们的产品更具竞争性,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选A。
四、不定式的表语功能
不定式和-ing形式一样可作表语,说明主语的内容。
例: The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult (NMET’99)
A not make B not to make
C not making D do not make
解析:本题句意是“应用新技术的目的是使生活变得更安逸,而非更困难”。通常两个以上不定式并列时,后者的to常省掉;但是如果表示对比或对照关系时,后者的to不可以省掉,故选B。
五、不定式的综合考点
高考对不定式的考查并不仅限于考查一般形式,而更多的是考查它的进行式、完成式、被动式、完成被动式等较复杂的结构。
例1:Hurry up, he is sure ______ for us(NMET’ 95)
A to wait B to be waiting
C waiting D being waited
解析: be sure 后应接不定式。根据句意,现在之所以应快点走是因为他正在等我们,所以应用不定式的进行式,故选B。
例2:Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it (NMET 2002)
A to see B to be seen
C seeing D seen
解析:从语境可知,该题第二个分句要表达“他们是否喜欢(去国外旅行),(人们)还不知道”这一意思,故选B。
不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hardIt is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes(2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall(3)作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn,pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,Marx found it important to study English well(4)作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force,call on, wait for, invite(5)作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后与所修饰名词有如下关系:①动宾关系:I have a meeting to attend注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点,工具等,应有必要的介词He found a good house to live in②说明所修饰名词的内容:We have made a plan to finish the work③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:He is the first to get here(6)作状语:①表目的:He worked day and night to get the money②表结果:He arrived late to find the train gone③表原因:They were very sad to hear the news④表程度:It's too dark for us to see anything
动词不定式6种用法总结如下：
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，形式是“to+动词原形”，可用作：主宾表定状补，唯独不可以作谓语。
一作主语
It's+adj+（for sb)+to do sth做某事对某人来说是(形容物）。
egIt's difficult for me to sing the song
It's+adj+(of sb)+to do sth做某事某人是（形容人）。
egIt's nice of you to invite me to your party
It takes sb+ 时间+to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间。
egIt takes me half an hour to finish my homework
二作宾语
v+to do。
2形式宾语 find/think/believe it+adj+(for sb)+to do sth
egI found it easy for me to learn English
3特殊疑问词+to do。
egI don't know where to go
4to do/doing。
三作表语
放在be动词之后作表语，与主语可以互换。
egMy dream is to be a teacher
四作定语
放在名词或代词之后。
egI have some work to do
Would you like something to eat
五作状语
1作目的状语。
eg I get up early to catch the bus
2作原因状语 be+adj+to do。
egI'm glad to meet you
六作补语
v+sb+to do sth
不定式在句中可以作不同的句子成分,但是不能作谓语以下是简要解析及例句
一、不定式用作主语
Tosee is to believe
Totalk with him is a great pleasure
Toremember this is very important
注为了避免头重脚轻,在许多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首使用的主语位置使用形式主语it：
It’svery important to remember this
It’sa pity to leave so early
二、不定式用作表语
Heseems to be ill
Herwish is to be a teacher
Youare not to smoke in this room
三、不定式用作宾语
Ican’t afford to buy a car
Rememberto post the letter
Ihope to be staying with you
四、不定式用作宾语补足语
Whotaught you to drive
Hewarned me not to touch it
Whatcaused him to change his mind
五、不定式用作定语
Ihave a question to ask you
Itis a pleasant thing to remember
Heis not a man to tell a lie
六、不定式用作状语
不定式作状语可以表示多种关系(如目的、结果、原因、条件等)：
Iwent to Franceto learn French
Hereturned home to find his wife waiting for him
Youwould make a great mistake to accept his offer
Weare proud to be members of this team
为你解答。
1 I'd like (to help homeless people)
我想帮助无家可归的人。
解释：不定式做宾语。
2The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital (to cheer them up)
这个女孩看望生病的孩子，让他们开心起来。
解释：不定式做目的状语。
3Mario believes it can help him (to get his future dream job)
马里奥相信它能帮它获得将来的理想工作。
解释：不定式做宾语补足语。
4It's very important (to keep healthy)
保持健康很重要。
解释：不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语。
5Her job is (to look after the children)
她的工作是照看孩子们。
解释：不定式是作表语。
1 在“主语 + 谓语（系动词） + 表语（形容词） + to do ”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质。
2 sth is easy to do 其中 sth 是主语，to do 是补充说明sth，可以理解为主语的补足语。
这个句式还可以转换为 To do sth is easy
3 举个例子：
The story is interesting to read 这个故事读起来很有趣。
这里，The story is interesting 已经是个完整的句子，后面的read 和 the story 是逻辑动宾关系，其中the story 就是句子的主语，所以，我把to read 理解为 主语补足语。
望采纳！祝开心！
1做宾语补足语
2做表语
3做宾语补足语
4做主语
5做宾语
6做宾语
7做宾语补足语
8做宾语补足语
9做宾语补足语
10做宾语补足语
--首先动词不定式可以做主语比如说 To see is to believe(眼见为实)--也可以做表语,像上面那句的"to believe"就在句子中充当表语成分 另举一个简单的例子就是: My dream is to be a teacher--做宾语I want to go asleep--做宾语补足语比如I want you to go with me--做状语//比如,To be honest,I don't want to go with you中"To be honest"就是做状语用
欢迎分享，转载请注明来源：品搜搜测评网
微信扫一扫
支付宝扫一扫
