一．主语
主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体它的位置一般在一句之首可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子
1．名词作主语
如:a tree has fallen across the road (一棵树倒下横在路上）
2．代词用作主语
如:you’re not far wrong (你差不多对了)
3．数词用作主语
如:three is enough 三个就够了
4．名词化的形容词用作主语
如:the idle are forced to work 懒汉被迫劳动
5．副词用作主语
如:carefully does it 小心就行
6．名词化的介词作主语
如:the ups and downs of life must be taken as they come我们必须承受人生之沉浮
7．不定式用作主语
如:to find your way can be a problem你能否找到路可能是一个问题
8． 动名词用作主语
如:smoking is bad for you 吸烟对你有害
9． 名词化的过去分词用作主语
如:the disabled are to receive more money残疾人将得到更多的救济金
10 介词短语用作主语
如:to beijing is not very far 到北京不很远
11从句用作主语
如: whenever you are ready will be fine你无论什么时候准备好都行
12句子用作主语
如:”how do you do ” is a greeting“你好”是一句问候语
二．谓语
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成
1．由简单的动词构成
如: what happened 发生了什么事？
2．由动词短语构成的谓语
如:what’s been keeping you all this time 这半天你在干什么来着？
3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等
如:I had a swim yesterday 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了swam）
三．表语
表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等它也可以说是一种主语补语它位于联系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构在系表结构钟,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,二真正起谓语作用的则是表语可以作表语的词有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等
1．the wedding was that sunday 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的（名词）
2．so that’s that 就是这样（代词）
3．we are seven 我们一共7人（数词）
4．are you busy 你有空吗？（形容词）
5．are you there 你在听吗？（电话用语）（副词）
6．all I could do was to wait 我只能等待（不定式）
7．complimenting（赞美,祝贺） is lying 恭维就是说谎（动名词）
8．i was so much surprised at it 我对此事感到很惊讶（过分）
9．she is in good health 她很健康（介词短语）
10．is that why you were angry 这就是你发怒的原因吗？（从句）
11．this is where i first met her 这就是我初次与她会面的地方（从句）
四．宾语
宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后可以用作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等
1．do you fancy a drink 你想喝一杯吗？（名词）
2．they won’t hurt us 他们不会伤害我们（代词）
3．if you add 5 to 5, you get 10 5加5等于10（数词）
4．i shall do my possible 我将尽力而为（名词化形容词）
5．he left there last week 他上个星期离开了那里（副词）
6．does she really mean to leave home 她真的要离开家吗？（不定式）
7．he never did the unexpected(想不到的,意外的)他从不做使人感到意外的事（名词化的分词）
8．do you understand what i mean 你明白我的意思吗？（从句）
五．补语
补语（complement）是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语（subject complement）,补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语（object complement）
(1)形容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号
如:tired and sleepy, i went to bed 我又累又困,就去睡了
有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似
如:the man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求
(2)可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
1they named the child jimmy 他们将孩子命名为吉米（名词用作并与补语）
2my mother looks so young that you would think her my sister我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐（名词短语作宾语补语）
3 he boiled the egg hard 她将鸡蛋煮老了（形容词用作宾语补语）
4i found the book very interesting我发现那本书很有趣（形容词短语用作宾补）
5the comrades wanted dr bethune to take cover同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下（不定式用作宾语补语）
6i call this robbing peter to pay paul我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙（动名作宾补)
7don’t take his kindness for granted不要把他的友善看作是当然的事（介词短语做宾补）
六．定语
定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等
1．形容词用作定语是大量的
she is a natural musician 她是一位天生的音乐家
2 名词用作定语
如:a baby girl 女婴
3．代词作定语
your hair needs cutting 你该理发了（物主代词用作定语）
4．数词作定语
there’s only one way to do it 做此事只有一法
5 副词充当定语时常后置,
如:the room above 楼上的房间
6．不定式用作定语
her promise to write was forgotten她忘记了答应写信的事
7．动名词用作定语
a walking stick 拐杖
8．分词充当定语
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩
9．介词短语用作定语
this is a map of china 这是一幅中国地图
10．从句用作定语,即定语从句
the car that’s parked outside is mine 停在外面的车是我的
七．同谓语
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同谓语（appositive）这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任,同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后
1．名词用作同谓语是大量的
we have two children, a boy and a girl我们有两个孩子,一男一女
2．代词用作同谓语
they all wanted to see him 他们都想见他
3．数词用作同谓语
are you two ready你们俩准备好了吗？
4．不定式与动名词用作同谓语
their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对
5．of 短语用作同谓语
the city of rome 罗马城
6．从句用同谓语,即同谓语重句
the news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true明天放假的消息不确
八．状语
状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等
1副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中
he speaks the language badly but read it well这种语言,他讲得不好,但阅读能力很强
2．状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等
（1）时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中
shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow
(2)地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中
there are plenty of fish in the sea
（3）原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首
because he was ill ,tom lost his job
(4) 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末
she woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway
(5) 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首
he ran for shelter(隐蔽处)
(6) 条件状语多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首
we’ll be lucky to get there before dark
(7) 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首
for all his money, he didn’t seem happy 他尽管有钱,但似乎并不幸福
(8)程度状语常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示
the lecture is very interesting
to what extent would you trust them 你对他们信任程度如何？
（9）伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示对位于句末和句首
my train starts at six, arriving at chicago at ten
语文中的句子成分我有在前面说到。那么英文中的句子成分与中文有哪些不同呢据悉，英语中的句子成分有主要成分和次要成分，对英语中的句子成分进行分析是英语语法中的重点。接下来，我将带来“英语句子成分划分教案详解”，希望对您有所帮助。本文章仅供参考，更多精彩内容尽在。
英语句子成分划分教案详解
英语句子成分一：主语
一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词)
He likes dancing (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history (数词)
Seeing is believing (动名词)
To see is to believe (不定式)
What he needs is a book (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
英语句子成分二：谓语
二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English
He is asleep
英语句子成分三：表语
表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher (名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it (代词)
Five and five is ten (数词)
He is asleep (形容词)
His father is in (副词)
The picture is on the wall (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come (表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，
taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) …
It sounds a good idea
The sound sounds strange
Her voice sounds sweet
Tom looks thin
The food smells delicious
The food tastes good
The door remains open
Now I feel tired
英语句子成分四：宾语
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China (名词)
He hates you (代词)
How many do you need We need two (数词)
We should help the old and the poor
I enjoy working with you (动名词)
I hope to see you again (不定式)
Did you write down what he said (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake
Under the snow, there are many rocks
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday
Give the poor man some money
英语句子成分五：宾补
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor (名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here (名)
We will make them happy (形容词)
We found nobody in (副词)
Please make yourself at home (介词短语)
Don’t let him do that (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired (过去分词)
英语句子成分六：主补
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor
She was found singing in the next room
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson wwwoh100com
英语句子成分七：定语
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher(名词)
He is our friend (代词)
We belong to the third world (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister (介词)
The boys playing football are in Cla2 (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well (不定式)
You should do everything that I do (定语从句)
英语句子成分八：状语
状语：用来修饰v, adj, adv, or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom
The meat went bad because of the hot weather
He studies hard to learn English well
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam
I like some of you very much
If you study hard, you will pathe exam
He goes to school by bike
Though he is young, he can do it well
1 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history (数词) Seeing is believing （动名词） To see is to believe（不定式） What he needs is a book（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with o of his students is walking into the classroom ② There is an old man ing here ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult 2 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English He is asleep (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall A don't B like C picture D wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer es A get B longer C days D summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus A Do B usually C go D bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon A will be B meeting C the library D afternoon ⑤ Did the ins have porridge for their breakfast A Did B ins C have D breakfast 3 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it （代词） Five and five is ten （数词） He is asleep （形容词） His father is in（副词） The picture is on the wall (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost （形容词化的分词） The question is whether they will e （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来， ell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）…… It sounds a good idea The sound sounds strange Her voice sounds sweet Tom looks thin The food ells delicious The food tastes good The door remains open Now I feel tired (三) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired ② Why is he worried about Jim ③ The leaves have turned yellow ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject ⑤ She was the first to learn about it 4 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： I like China （名词） He hates you （代词） How many do you need We need o （数词）I enjoy working with you （动名词） I hope to see you again （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday Give the poor man some money (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework ② People all over the world speak English ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation ④ How many new words did you learn last class ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you 5 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t e here （名词） We will make them happy （形容词） We found nobody in ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home （介词短语） Don’t let him do that （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired （过去分词） (五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② He asked her to take the boy out of school ③ She found it difficult to do the work ④ They call me Lily sometimes ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now 6 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher（名词） He is our friend （代词） We belong to the third world（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson（形容词） The man over there is my old friend(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2 （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well（不定式） You should do everything that I do （定语从句） (六) 挑出下列句中的定语 ① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name ② What is your given name ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3 ④ I am afraid some people fot to sweep the floor ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep 7 状语：用来修饰v, adj, adv, or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow The meeting will be held in the meeting room The meat went bad because of the hot weather He studies hard to learn English well He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam I like some of you very much If you study hard, you will pass the exam He goes to school by bike Though he is young, he can do it well (七) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big ile on her face ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 ① Please tell us a story ② My father bought a new bike for me last week ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term ④ Here is a pen Give it to Tom ⑤ Did he leave any message for me 参 考 答 案 (一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do (二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C (三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first (四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming (五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school ③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground (六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs (七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off (八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语 虽然我很聪明，但这么说真的难到我了
根据这几大句子结构划分:
主谓 主谓宾 主系表 主谓宾宾补 主谓双宾 there be句型
以下是句子成分讲解:
一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词)
He likes dancing (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history (数词)
Seeing is believing (动名词)
To see is to believe (不定式)
What he needs is a book (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English
He is asleep
三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher (名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it (代词)
Five and five is ten (数词)
He is asleep (形容词)
His father is in (副词)
The picture is on the wall (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come (表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，
taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) …
It sounds a good idea
The sound sounds strange
Her voice sounds sweet
Tom looks thin
The food smells delicious
The food tastes good
The door remains open
Now I feel tired
三、宾语：
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China (名词)
He hates you (代词)
How many do you need We need two (数词)
We should help the old and the poor
I enjoy working with you (动名词)
I hope to see you again (不定式)
Did you write down what he said (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake
Under the snow, there are many rocks
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday
Give the poor man some money
四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor (名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here (名)
We will make them happy (形容词)
We found nobody in (副词)
Please make yourself at home (介词短语)
Don’t let him do that (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired (过去分词)
五、主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor
She was found singing in the next room
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson wwwoh100com
六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher(名词)
He is our friend (代词)
We belong to the third world (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister (介词)
The boys playing football are in Cla2 (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well ()
You should do everything that I do (定语从句)
七、状语：用来修饰v, adj, adv, or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom
The meat went bad because of the hot weather
He studies hard to learn English well
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam
I like some of you very much
If you study hard, you will pathe exam
He goes to school by bike
Though he is young, he can do it well
i （主）love （谓）you （宾）more （状）than（连词，引导比较状语从句）（从句主谓用I love省略） her（从句宾语）,child（呼语，指对方）。
翻译为：我爱你胜过爱他，孩子。
child，英语单词，名词，作名词时意为“儿童，小孩，孩子；产物；子孙；幼稚的人；弟子；（英）蔡尔德（人名）”。
双语例句：
1、I only have one child
我只有一个孩子。
2、The child in us
在我们的孩子。
3、And what if your child gets an idea like that
如果你的孩子也有那样的想法，你会怎样？
这句话是”让”字句，主语是“我”，谓语是“有了”，宾语是“了解”。
缩句为：我有了了解。
“巴黎之行”、“对法国作家和诗人维克多雨果为……的工作,为……的贡献”是条件状语，“更深的”是了解的定语。
对于“让”字句，“使”字句，“把”字句，“被”字句，这些带引号的字的后面的人称代词一般就是主语。
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