[Verse 1: Illy]
En garde, my god, how she get at me
Either we'll never get it right or it's meant to be
My ego, her pride, some recipe
We're our biggest fans and our own worst enemies
Ain't shy, let the whole world know
Have 'em tuned into the blow by blow
She move, I move, let her go, I go
Stir it up, stand back, watch the firework show
Ayo, too proud to quit when it's broken
Too in denial to admit when it's over
Drowning at separate ends of an ocean
Both in too deep to know where the coast is
Surrounded by waves in a hurricanes
Gaze, when we together ain't none of y'all safe
So buckle or get out of our way
Up in smoke, down in flames cause man
[Hook: Vera Blue]
When we fight fire with fire
When we cross the line, ayo
Maybe happy ever after's ain't for us
Ain't no surprise when
When we play with knives, ayo
Ain't no broken pride and these aren't paper cuts
[Bassline: Vera Blue]
Ain't no broken pride and these aren't paper cuts
[Verse 2: Illy]
One by one on the hunt
Nowhere to hide, nowhere left to run
But I'd rather war with you all of summer
Than a low key peace with another, ayy
One by one every cut
Yeah, it gets deep, but who they to judge
Cause when it's on we roll like the thunder
Then it's RIP to the others ayy
Cycle repeat till the lesson get learned, man
You play with fire, bridges get burnt, man
The standoff only making this worse
But don't nobody move and nobody gets hurt, man
We just caught in our ways
Sucker-punches traded, all fun and games
Until the cards, fall where they may
Then it's all 'can't even, whatever, anyway'
[Hook: Vera Blue]
When we fight fire with fire
When we cross the line, ayo
Maybe happy ever after's ain't for us
Ain't no surprise when
When we play with knives, ayo
Ain't no broken pride and these aren't paper cuts
[Post-Hook: Illy & Vera Blue]
I know when you're weakest
You know where my demons hide
Put us on a knife edge
We tear down everything inside, and
I know when you're weakest
You know where my demons hide
Put us on a knife edge
We'll tear down everything inside
[Bridge: Vera Blue]
When will we learn
We've come too far in this to see
How much it hurts
When will we learn
You and I
We've come too far in this to know
When to let go
[Pre-Hook: Vera Blue]
Are we our better halves
If we only make it worse
Are we better off apart
But can't say the words
When will we learn
You and I
We've come too far in this to see
All we ever do is bleed
[Hook: Vera Blue]
When we fight fire with fire
When we cross the line, ayo
Maybe happy ever after's ain't for us
Ain't no surprise when
When we play with knives, ayo
Ain't no broken pride and these aren't paper cuts
[Post-Hook: Illy & Vera Blue]
I know when you're weakest
You know where my demons hide
Put us on a knife edge
We'll tear down everything inside, yeah
I know when you're weakest
You know where my demons hide
Put us on a knife edge
We'll tear down everything inside
[Outro: Vera Blue]
Ain't no broken pride and these aren't paper cuts
_________________
这是原版歌词,中文我只能自己现翻……但翻歌词我感觉要求比较高,要我翻的话估计也就能直译,歌词的韵味估计会死去_(:3」∠)_实在想翻的话你再跟我说吧
简单的森系小清新水彩画教程森系小清新的可爱小女孩,非常简单的水彩入门教程。喜欢绘画,喜欢水彩的你千万不要错过。想了解更多绘画知识加Jok老师,水彩画小女孩步骤图如下第一步:画线稿,线稿我们可以先用铅笔打底稿,然后再用黑色签字笔、马克笔等勾线。我们今天要画的小女孩构图是,树叶环绕这可爱的小女孩。建议大家先把小女孩画好,在画环绕的树叶,这样不容易出错。第二步:水彩上色。水彩颜料的特性是透明感好,很通透,但覆盖力弱。所以我们在上色的时候先浅后深,否则浅色无法覆盖深色。首先我们调好肤色,在小女孩的脸部、手部、腿部进行铺色。然后调一个腮红的颜色画两个可爱的腮红,顺便可以将嘴上好红色。接着我们给环绕的树叶上深浅不一致的绿色,可以深色的一片树叶搭配一片浅色的,让颜色更丰富。然后用圣诞绿涂小女孩手里抱着的最大的树叶,可以利用水彩颜色的特性,加水晕染出渐变的效果。给小女孩的头发还有的犄角上色,这里注意不要把颜色调得太淡太稀了,可以直接沾了颜料就涂。把小女孩的裙子涂上颜色,这里用橙色和红色做渐变效果。顺便将小花也涂上红色噢!给树叶环绕的圆圈里上渐变背景色,我们做个蓝字渐变的效果,会显得超级美。最后在画面再画一些飘落的树叶,丰富画面,我们的简单的森系小清新水彩画就完成了。希望大家喜欢这幅水彩画小女孩,大家自己动手画起来噢。适合新手临摹的水彩画
天空水彩画:
准备材料:水粉纸、水彩、铅笔、棉签、画笔。
1,用铅笔打草稿,轻轻地用铅笔画出大概的构图和基本的形状。
2,开始给蓝天上色,有白云的地方要留白。需要多准备一些蓝色的颜料。
3,用棉棒蘸水晕染轮廓,在纸上将颜料推开。
4,用偏蓝色的灰色涂在云的下方增强云朵的立体感。
5,用毛笔蘸水晕染边缘,继续将颜色晕染到白色部分。
6,远处的云可以画得粗略一些,要领就是要将云彩留白。
翻译|如何用水彩画一幅海滩风景画_原文链接:HowtoPaintaBeachScene如何用水彩画一幅海滩风景画Paintingawatercolorbeachsceneisaneasybeginner'sexercisebecauseyoucanaddasmanyorfewdetailsasyouwishThewet-on-wettechniquerequiredachievesbeautiful,softresultsthatmimicthesoftlinesofwaterandsand对于一个初学者来说,画一幅海滩风景的水彩画是相对容易的,因为,你可以根据你的愿意来添加许多或更少的细节。湿画法实现了水和沙子的柔软质感,及画面的美丽效果。Brushes笔刷No20flatstraight-edgebrush20号平刷No6roundpointedbrush6号尖笔刷No3/0finebrush3号或0号小笔Othersupplies其他需要Watercolorpaper(coldpress)水彩纸(冷压)Watercolorpaintset水彩颜料套装Waterbasin水盆Papertowel纸巾Palette调色盘Note:ThepaintcolorsusedinthisprojectareCobaltBlue,FrenchUltramarine,RawSiennaandBurntSienna注:本教程中使用的颜色有钴蓝,群青,生赭石和熟褐。UsingaNo20flatbrush,paintthetophalfofthepaperentirelywithwaterNote:Theclearwaterhasbeentintedinthephotosfordemonstrationpurposesonly第一步:用20号平刷,在纸张的上半部分平刷清水。注:在图示中,用被着色的浅蓝色区域,演示刷清水的效果。DipyourNo20flatbrushinCobaltBlueandpaintoverthewaterwhilethepaperiswettoallowthepainttospreadeasier第二步:用20号平刷,蘸取钴蓝,趁着纸张是湿的时候进行绘制,在湿的纸张上水彩更容易上色。StillusingyourNo20flatbrush,dipitinFrenchUltramarineandpaintoverthepreviouspaintcolor第三步:继续用20号平刷,蘸取群青,在之前画的基础上再画上。Absorbsomeofthewetpaintbyscrunchingupapieceofpapertowelanddabbingitontothewetpainttoformclouds第四步:撕一张纸巾,吸走湿画上的一些颜料,形成云朵的效果。Placecloudsacrosstheskyinrandomorderandshapesbycontinuingtodabthepapertowelonthewetpaint第五步:继续用纸巾来吸收颜料,在湿画面上随意地划过,形成想要的天空云朵效果。CleantheNo20flatbrushandthenuseittopaintthebottomhalfofthepaperwithwater第六步:洗净20号平刷,然后在画纸的下半部分刷上清水。DipyourNo20flatbrushinFrenchUltramarineandbrushitontothewetpaperLeaveawhiteedgebetweentheskylineandthewater第七步:用20号平刷,蘸取群青,在湿画纸上刷色。在天际线和水之间,预留一根白边。Whilethepaintisstillwet,dipyourNo20flatbrushinCobaltBlueandpaintovertheFrenchUltramarineAllowthetwocolorstobleedintoeachother第八步:趁着画仍然是湿的,用20号平刷蘸取钴蓝,在之前画了群青的基础上继续画。让两种颜色互相渗透。UsingthesamedabbingmethodasinStep4,liftsomeofthepaintwithapapertoweltoformwavesManipulatetheshapeofthepapertowelinsuchawaythatyouachieveirregularmarkingswhendabbingSomewaveswillstretchalongthewaterandbelongerthanothersTohighlightthewavesalittlemore,youcangobackandpaintunderneaththepapertowelmarkswithadarkershadeofyourbluepaint第九步:像第四步那样,使用相同的涂抹方法,用纸巾吸掉一些颜料形成波浪效果。用纸涂抹时,要实现不规则纹路和形状。有些波浪会沿着海水的方向伸展,有些波浪会长一些。为了多点突出波浪,你可以在纸巾吸过的波浪下方,再涂一些蓝色,增加阴影效果。CleanyourNo20flatbrushandthendipitinaverydilutedRawSiennaPainttheleftsideofthepapertoformsand,leavingawhiteareabetweenthewaterandthesand第十步:洗净20号平刷,然后将它蘸满很稀的生赭石。涂料的纸张的左侧,形成沙滩的效果,注意在水和沙之间的留白。Makea2:1mixtureofCobaltBlueandBurntSiennaonyourpaletteDiptheNo6roundbrushinthemixtureandfillinthewhitehorizonlineUsesoft,organiclinestogivetheillusionoflandoffinthedistance第十一步:按2:1的比例混合钴蓝和熟褐。用6号圆笔刷,蘸取该颜料在天际线处的空白区填色。想象那里是远处的陆地,用轻柔的肌理来呈现它。Makea1:2mixtureofCobaltBlueandRawSiennaonyourpaletteUsetheNo6roundbrushtopaintanirregularmoundoneithersideofthecoastlinetorepresentamountain第十二步:按1:2的比例混合钴蓝和生赭石。用6号笔,在天际线两侧画上不规则的土堆,来代表山。Usethe2:1mixtureofCobaltBlueandBurntSiennaandyourNo3/0roundbrushtopaintirregularlinestofillinthemountainYoucanalsopaintafeworganiclinesontopofthemountaintorepresenttrees第十三步:按2:1的比例混合钴蓝和熟褐,用3号或0号笔,蘸取颜料以不规则的线条继续画山。你也可以画几笔,来代表山上的树。UsethesamemixtureandbrushfromStep13topaintafewV-shapedfiguresintheskytorepresentbirds第十四步:用第十三步中相同的颜料,画一些V形图,代表天空中的鸟。最后,将画装入画框中,非常赏心悦目哦!苏珊姐说:非常小清新的海滩景观,很好的装饰画。拿起你的画笔,赶紧画起来吧!压敏纸 pressure-sensitive paper
沥青牛皮纸 asphalt kraft paper
石蜡纸 paraffin paper
聚乙烯涂覆纸 polyethylene coated paper
不规则聚丙烯防潮牛皮纸 atactic polypropylene coated moisture proof kraft paper
玻璃纸 cellophane (regenerated cellulose film)
聚乙烯加工玻璃纸 polyethylene extrusion-coated cellophane
氯乙烯加工纸 vinylidene chloride treated paper
印刷用胶粘纸 pressure sensitive adhesive papers for printing
纸绳 paper string
纸胶带(包装用) gummed paper tapes(for packaging)
牛皮纸袋 kraft paper sacks
包装水泥用牛皮纸袋 sewn kraft paper sacks for cement
可延伸牛皮纸袋 extensible kraft paper sacks
铝箔防水包装纸 aluminium foil laminated package paper
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布袋 woven bag
黄麻袋 jute bag
牛皮纸衬垫、合成树脂布袋 kraft lined, synthetic resin woven bag
甘薯淀粉包装用牛皮纸袋 kraft paper sacks for sweet potato starch
马铃薯淀粉包装用牛皮纸袋 kraft paper sacks for potato starch
挥发性防腐纸 volatile corrosion inhibitor
纸幅面尺寸 trimmed size of paper
砂纸 abrasive paper
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吸收性纸 absorbent paper
吸水纸,吸收性纸 absorbing paper
帐簿纸 account book paper
计算机用纸 accounting machine paper
无酸纸 acid free paper
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隔音纸 acoustic paper
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低光泽纸,仿古纸 antique paper
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(弹筒)装药用纸 basewad paper
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帐目纸 bill paper
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生物纸 biochargeable paper
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防潮纸,沥青纸 bituminized paper
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刮刀涂布纸 blade coated paper
空白书籍纸 blank book paper
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弹药用纸,矿工用纸 blasting paper
耐漂纸 blach resistant paper
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兰色洋蜡包装纸 blue candle wrapping paper
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瓶签纸 bottle labelling paper
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破损纸张 broken paper
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金色皱纹纸 bronze crepe paper
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刷辊涂布纸 brush(coated) paper
植物幼苗防风纸 brushing kraft paper
泡沫涂布纸 bubble coated paper
浅黄的复写纸 buff copying paper
(制革用)磨光纸 buff(ing) paper
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(电力)电缆纸 cable paper
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压光处理的纸张 calendered paper
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蜡烛包装纸 candle paper
糖果袋纸 candy bag paper
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有光纸 cap paper
电容器纸 capacitor(tissue) paper
植物防护纸 capping paper
货车包覆纸 carlining paper
砂糖包装纸 caramel paper
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复写纸 carbon paper
复写纸原纸 carbon body paper
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复写纸原纸 carbonizing paper
压感复写纸 carbonless (copy) paper
打光用纸,研磨纸 carborundum paper
卡片纸 card paper
极图记录纸 cardiographic paper
地毯纸 carpet lining paper
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地图纸,图表纸,记录纸 carte paper
极图记录纸,心电图记录纸 cartographic paper
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弹壳纸,弹药用纸 cartridge paper
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现金收支记录带纸 cash control tape paper
(现金收支)票据纸 register paper
运输包装纸 casing paper
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高光泽印刷纸,涂布美术纸 cast coated paper
(塑料薄膜用)浇铸纸 casting paper
目录纸 catalog (ue) paper
封面纸,绘图纸 catridge paper
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芹菜培育纸 celery bleaching paper
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水泥袋纸 cement bag paper
陶瓷贴花纸 ceramic transfer paper
谷物箱衬纸 cereal box liners paper
白垩涂布纸 chalk transfer paper
办公纸 chancery paper
炭画书籍纸 charcoal book paper
木炭画纸 charcoal(drawing) paper
图表纸 chart paper
支票用纸 check paper
化学浆制成的纸张 chemical paper
支票纸,防伪纸 cheque paper
手工竹纸 china paper
模造纸 chintz paper
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Marek was a farmer He lived in a village far away 马克是个农民,住在一个偏远的小村子里 One day he was badly ill,and everyone thought he would die 有一天他病的很严重,大家都认为他会死去 They sent for a doctor The doctor arrived two days later and looked over(检查) him 他们去请了一医生,两天之后来了并切为他做了检查 The doctor asked for a pen and some paper to write down the name of the medicine 医生需要一支钢笔以及一些纸去写药房的名称 But there was no pen or paper in the village, because no one could read or write 但是整个村庄都没有笔和纸,因为没有人会读书写字 The doctor thought hard,then he had an idea 医生仔细的想了想,然后想到一个办法 He picked up a piece of burnt(燃烧过的) wood from the fire Using the wood, he wrote the name of the medicine on the door house 他从火中拾起一根烧过的木头 ,并用它在门板上写下了药物的名字 "Get this medicine for him," he said,"and he will soon get better" 去为他抓这写药,不久他就会好起来的 Marek's family and friends did not know what to do They could not read the strange writing 马克的家人及朋友不知道做什么,因为他们不认识这写奇怪的文字。Then the village baker(面包师) had an idea He took off the door of the house,put it on his cart(马车)and drove to the nearest town 然后面包师想到一和办法,他取下那扇门,放到马车上然后赶到最近的城镇 He bought the medicine, and Marek was soon well again He would not let anyone wash the Magic(有魔力的) words from the door 买回药之后马克很快就恢复了,他不让任何人去看那个门上有魔力的文字
。北方以桑树茎皮纤维造纸,质地优良,色泽洁白,轻薄软绵,拉力强,纸纹扯断如棉丝,所以称棉纸。蔡伦造纸的原料广泛,以烂鱼网造的纸叫网纸,破布造的纸叫布纸,因当时把鱼网破布划为麻类纤维,所以统称麻纸。
为了延长纸的寿命,晋时已发明染纸新技术,即从黄蘖中熬取汁液,浸染纸张,有的先写后染,有的先染后写。浸染的纸叫染潢纸,呈天然**,所以又叫黄麻纸。黄纸有灭虫防蛀的功能。
隋唐时期,著名的宣纸诞生了。在宣纸的主要产地安徽宣州有这么一个传说:蔡伦的徒弟孔丹,在皖南以造纸为业,他一直想制造一种特别理想的白纸,用来替师傅来画像修谱。但经过许多次的试验都不能如愿以偿。一次,他在山里偶然看到有些檀树倒在山涧旁边,因年深日久,被水浸蚀得腐烂发白。后来他用这种树皮造纸,终于获得成功。由此可以断定:利用树皮制造宣纸,在唐朝时候就比较盛行了。唐代写经的硬黄纸,五代和北宋时的澄心堂纸等,都是属于熟宣纸一类。嗣后宣纸一直是书写,绘画不可缺少的珍品,到明清以后,中国书画几乎全用宣纸。
同时,由于发明了雕版刷术,大大刺激了造纸业的发展,造纸区域进一步扩大,名纸迭出,如益州的黄白麻纸,杭州,婺州,衢州,越州的藤纸,均州的大模纸,蒲州的薄白纸,宣州的宣纸,硬黄纸,韶州的竹笺,临州的滑薄纸。唐代各地多以瑞香皮,栈香皮,楮皮,桑皮,藤皮,木芙蓉皮,青檀皮等韧皮纤维作为造纸原料,这种纸纸质柔韧而薄,纤维交错均匀。
唐代在前代染黄纸的基础上,又在纸上均匀涂蜡,经过砑光,使纸具有光泽莹润,艳美的优点,人称硬黄纸。还有一种硬白纸,把蜡涂在原纸的正反两面,再用卵石或弧形的石块碾压摩擦,使纸光亮,润滑,密实,纤维均匀细致,比硬黄纸稍厚,人称硬白纸。另外政治家填加矿物质粉和加蜡而成的粉蜡纸;在粉蜡纸和色纸基础上经加工出现金,银箔片或粉的光彩的纸品,称做金花纸,银花纸或金银花纸,又称冷金纸或洒金银纸;还有色和花纹极为考究的砑花纸,它是将纸逐幅在刻有字画的纹版上进行磨压,使纸面上隐起各种花纹,又称花帘纸或纹纸,当时四川产的砑花水纹纸鱼子笺,备受文人雅士的欢迎。另外,还出现了经过简单再加工的纸,著名的有薛涛笺,谢公十色笺等染色纸,金粟山经纸,以及各种各样的印花纸,松花纸,杂色流沙纸,彩霞金粉龙纹纸等。
五代制纸业仍继续向前发展,歙州制造的澄心堂纸,直到北宋,一直被公认为是最好的纸;此纸"滑如春水,细密如蚕茧,坚韧胜蜀笺,明快比剡楮"。这种纸长者可五十尺为一幅,自首至尾匀薄如一宋代继承了唐和五代的造纸传统,出现了很多质地不同的纸张,纸质一般轻软,薄韧,上等纸全是江南制造,也称江东纸。纸的再利用开始于南宋,以废纸为原料再造新约,人称还魂纸或熟还魂纸,具有省料,省时,见效快的特点。
元代造纸业凋零,只在江南还勉强保持昔日的景象。到了明代,造纸业才又兴旺发达起来,主要名品是宣纸,竹纸,宣德纸,松江潭笺。清代宣纸制造工艺进一步改进,成为家喻户晓的名纸。各地造纸大都就地取材,使用各种原料,制造的纸张名目繁多,在纸的加工技术方面,如施胶,加矾,染色,涂蜡,砑光,洒金,印花等工艺,都有进一步的发展和创新。各种笺纸再次盛行起来,在质地上推崇白纸地和淡雅的色纸地,色以鲜明静穆为主。康熙,乾隆时期的粉蜡笺,如描金银图案粉蜡笺,描金云龙考蜡笺,五彩描绘砑光蜡笺,印花图绘染色花笺,三色纸上采用粉彩加蜡砑光,再用泥金或泥银画出各种图案。笺纸的制作在清代已达到精美绝伦的程度。
另外,我国从晋代开始朝廷就从邻国接受贡纸,如南越进贡的侧理纸(或称苔纸),是以海苔为原料,加上味甘,大温,无毒的侧理制成的越南纸。朝鲜进贡的高丽纸,鸡林纸为历代统治者所喜爱。到清代则有朝鲜的丽金笺,金龄笺,镜花笺,竹青纸,越南的苔笺,日本的雪纸,奉书纸,西方的金边纸,云母纸,漏花纸,各色笺纸,回回各色花纸等。
纸张、纸板及加工纸的统称。是供书写、记录、印刷、绘画或包装等多种用途的片状纤维制品。由悬浮在水中的纸浆,在造纸机成形网上沉积成错综交织的纤维层,再经压榨、干燥之后所制成。
分类纸的品种很多,分类方法也不一致。习惯分类方法有3种。
①按生产方式分为手工纸和机制纸。手工纸以手工操作为主,利用帘网框架、人工逐张捞制而成。质地松软,吸水力强,适合于水墨书写、绘画和印刷用,如中国的宣纸。其产量在现代纸的总产量中所占的比重很小。机制纸是指以机械化方式生产的纸张的总称,如印刷纸、包装纸等。
②按纸张的厚薄和重量分为纸和纸板。两者尚没有严格的区分界限。一般以每平方米重200g以下的称为纸,以上的称为纸板。纸板占纸总产量的40~50%左右,主要用于商品包装,如箱纸板、包装用纸板等。国际上通常对纸和纸板分别进行统计。
③按用途分为:新闻纸,是一种主要供新闻出版用的特种印刷纸,由于所占比重较大,习惯上单列一类;印刷纸、书写纸,供印刷及书写用并包括绘画和制图用纸;包装纸;技术用纸(工农业技术用纸);生活卫生用纸;加工原纸,供进一步制造加工纸用;纸板;加工纸等。
规格一般分为平板和卷筒两种。平板纸主要用于逐张使用,如供平台印刷机印刷和书写、绘画等用纸。卷筒纸主要供连续性加工机械使用,如供轮转机印刷,制袋机连续制袋,卷烟机连续包制卷烟等。
供印刷用纸的幅度一般要求与印刷机系列相匹配。卷筒幅宽过去以787和1092mm及其倍数为主,随着印刷机印幅的改变,现逐步采用以880mm以其倍数为主。卷筒纸外径一般为750~850mm。平板纸的长宽比为072。习惯上以500张为一令,若干令纸打包成为一件,每件重量不超过250kg。其他纸张则由于各种使用要求不同,定有不同的规格标准,或按订户要求的特殊规格生产。
性能指标对不同品种的纸张要求具有与其主要用途相适应的性能指标。根据不同用途,分别以专用仪器按标准检测以下各类性能。
物理性能指标 ①定量:每平方米的重量,以g/m2表示。如文化印刷用纸定量一般为32~80g/m2,纸板的定量一般为200~400g/m2。②厚度:在两测量板间,施加100kPa压力下,直接测量的厚度,以mm表示。③紧度:表示纸张结构松紧的程度,每立方厘米纸的重量,以g/cm3表示。同一定量的纸,厚度大的纸质就疏松。④多孔性和透气度:一般纸张中含有70%的孔隙。透气度是以一定面积的纸张在一定真空度下,每分钟透过的空气量或透过一定空气量的时间,分别以ml/min或s/100ml表示。⑤伸缩率:纸张浸水后或在不同温度下增湿或减湿后,纸张尺寸相对的变化,以尺寸的增或减对原试样尺寸的百分率表示。胶印纸对伸缩率要求较高。⑥强度:纸张受外力作用,达到破坏点所反映出的一些具体数值。主要有抗张强度及其断裂时的伸长率、耐破度、耐折度、撕裂度、刚度等。各项强度指标对包装纸尤为重要。
光学性能指标 ①白度:白色或接近白色的纸表面对蓝光的反射率,以相对于标准氧化镁板反射率的百分率表示。②不透明度:以单张试样在“全吸收”的黑色衬垫上的反射能力,与完全不透明的若干张试样的反射能力的百分比率表示。③透明度:光线透过纸的程度。以试样能看清楚墨汁线条的最多的层数表示。光学性能指标对印刷纸和描图等比较重要。
化学性质指标 ①水分:纸中含有在100~105℃下可蒸发的水分重量,以对纸重的百分率表示。②灰分:纸经灼烧后的残渣重量对纸样绝干试样重量的百分率表示。③pH值:纸样在95~100℃的蒸馏水中浸泡1小时后,其水抽提液得的pH值。这些化学性质指标对电气及技术用纸尤为重要。
表面性能 ①施胶度(耐水度):纸张表面防止书写时墨水渗透扩散的性能,对书写纸很重要。以鸭嘴笔蘸特制的墨水,在纸上划线,以不扩散和不渗透的线条的最大宽度(mm)表示。②平滑度:在一定真空度下,一定容积的空气通过在一定压力下的试样表面与玻璃面之间的间隙所需的时间,以秒表示。③表面强度:胶版印刷纸为防止纸张掉毛糊版,要求具有较好纸页表面强度。以蜡棒加压纸张至拉附纤维为止的蜡棒级数,也可用印刷适用仪测量其拉毛速度表示。绘图纸、描图纸则测其耐擦力,均系对纸张表面组织结合强度的检测。
除以上诸性能外,其余技术用纸中还有许多特殊性能的检测要求。如电气工业用纸的介电常数、介电强度、介质损耗,卷烟纸的燃烧速度,隔热纸的导热系数,过滤纸对流体的阻力系数及对过滤物的截留系数,生活卫生用纸的柔软度、吸收性等均为质量的重要性能指标,需按规定标准进行检测以评价其使用性能
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附:几种纸的名称:
压敏纸 pressure-sensitive paper
沥青牛皮纸 asphalt kraft paper
石蜡纸 paraffin paper
聚乙烯涂覆纸 polyethylene coated paper
不规则聚丙烯防潮牛皮纸 atactic polypropylene coated moisture proof kraft paper
玻璃纸 cellophane (regenerated cellulose film)
聚乙烯加工玻璃纸 polyethylene extrusion-coated cellophane
氯乙烯加工纸 vinylidene chloride treated paper
印刷用胶粘纸 pressure sensitive adhesive papers for printing
纸绳 paper string
纸胶带(包装用) gummed paper tapes(for packaging)
牛皮纸袋 kraft paper sacks
包装水泥用牛皮纸袋 sewn kraft paper sacks for cement
可延伸牛皮纸袋 extensible kraft paper sacks
铝箔防水包装纸 aluminium foil laminated package paper
光纤维加固的牛皮纸袋 fiber reinforced kraft paper sacks
布袋 woven bag
黄麻袋 jute bag
牛皮纸衬垫、合成树脂布袋 kraft lined, synthetic resin woven bag
甘薯淀粉包装用牛皮纸袋 kraft paper sacks for sweet potato starch
马铃薯淀粉包装用牛皮纸袋 kraft paper sacks for potato starch
挥发性防腐纸 volatile corrosion inhibitor
纸幅面尺寸 trimmed size of paper
砂纸 abrasive paper
砂纸原纸 abrasive base paper
吸收性纸 absorbent paper
吸水纸,吸收性纸 absorbing paper
帐簿纸 account book paper
计算机用纸 accounting machine paper
无酸纸 acid free paper
耐酸纸 acid proof paper,acid resistant paper
隔音纸 acoustic paper
溴化银印相纸 actinometer paper
吸湿纸 active paper
计算机用纸 adding machine paper
地址标签纸 address label paper
胶粘纸 adhesive paper
广告纸,招贴纸 advertising paper
仿大理石纸 agate paper
仿玛瑙大理石纹纸 agate marble paper
耐老化纸 age resistant paper
航空信纸 air paper
名片纸 alabaster paper
相簿纸 alabaster paper
蛋白胶纸 albumenized paper
蛋白胶纸 albumin paper
地图纸 aligning paper
耐碱纸 alkali-proof paper
全棉纤维纸 all rag paper
全木浆纸 all wood paper
仿鳄皮纸 allogator imitation paper
西班牙草浆印刷纸 alpha printing paper
铝纸 aluminum paper
铝衬纸 aluminum casting paper
铝涂布纸 aluminum coated paper
铝粉纸 aluminum dusted paper
铝箔衬纸 aluminum foil backing paper
铝箔夹层纸 aluminum laminated paper
琥珀条纹纸 amber laid paper
弹药筒纸 ammunition paper
频率感应记录纸 amplitude response recording paper
分析化学用滤纸 analytical filter paper
斜面纸 angle paper
斜截面纸 angle-cut paper
斜角纸 angular paper
动物胶表面施胶纸 animal tub-sized paper
耐酸纸 anti-acid paper
耐酸马尼拉纸 anti-acid manila paper
防蚀纸 anti-corrosion paper
防伪造纸 anti-falsification paper
防霉纸 anti-fungicide paper
防锈纸 anti-rust paper
防锈原纸 anti-rust base paper
防锈纸 anti-tarnish paper
低光泽纸,仿古纸 antique paper
仿古书籍纸 antique book paper
杀菌纸 antiseptic paper
保光泽纸 antitarnish paper
水彩图画纸 aquare(le) paper
档案纸 archival paper
绝缘纸 armature paper
香料纸 aromatic paper
含砷纸 arsenical paper
美术纸 art paper
美术装饰纸 art cover paper
水彩画纸 art drawing paper
美术广告纸,美工宣传纸 art poster paper
牙科用纸 articulating paper
牙科用纸 articulating paper
人造革纸 artificial leather paper
仿羊皮纸 artificial parchment paper
石棉纸 asbestos paper
石棉(电)绝缘纸 asbestos (electrical)insulating paper
消毒纸,防腐纸 aseptic paper
无灰纸 ashless paper
无灰滤纸 ashless filter paper
防潮纸,沥青纸 asphalt paper
沥青原纸 asphalt base paper
防喘纸 asthma paper
地图纸 altas paper
彩色印刷纸 autochion printing paper
压感复写纸 autocopy paper
纪念册纸 autograph paper
自动(划线)记录纸 autographic register paper
复印纸 autographic transfer paper
汽车袋用纸 automobile-bag paper
复制纸,影印纸 autotype paper
食品包装纸 avenized paper
蓝条纹书写纸 azure laid(writing) paper
书籍衬里纸 back-lining paper
裱糊纸 backing paper
腊肉包装纸 bacon paper
(纸)袋纸 bag paper
蔗渣浆纸 bagasse paper
浸渍绝缘纸 bakelite paper
浸渍绝缘纸 bakelized paper
面包纸 bakers paper
层合平衡纸 balance sheet paper
单面沥青包装纸 baling paper
气球用纸 balloon paper
鲍尔斯唐纸 balston's paper
竹浆纸 bamboo paper
绷带纸 bandage paper
高级书写纸 bank paper
钞票纸 banknote paper
餐桌纸 banquet table cover paper
理发头枕纸 barber's headrest paper
抗渗透纸 barrier paper
钡地纸 baryta paper
原纸 base paper
(弹筒)装药用纸 basewad paper
韧皮纸 bast paper
高级信纸 bath paper
涂蜡装饰纸 batlk paper
蓄电池用纸 battery paper
涂蜡装饰纸 battik paper
曲折纸板 beaming paper
床包装纸 bedsted-wrapping paper
啤酒过滤纸 beer-filter paper
夹层纸 between-lay paper
字典纸 bible paper
吸水性纸张 bibulous paper
账目纸 bill paper
光泽广告纸 billboard paper
自动记录纸 billing machine paper
装订用纸 binder's paper
生物纸 biochargeable paper
饼干包装纸 biscuit paper
饼干包装纸 biscuit cap paper
蜡笔画纸 bistered paper
防潮纸,沥青纸 bituminized paper
相册黑色衬纸 black album paper
防潮纸 waterproof paper
防空纸 blackout paper
刮刀涂布纸 blade coated paper
空白书籍纸 blank book paper
毛毯袋用纸 blanket bag paper
空白书籍纸 blanking paper
弹药用纸,矿工用纸 blasting paper
耐漂纸 blach resistant paper
鲜肉包装纸 blood proof paper
吸墨纸 blotting paper
兰色洋蜡包装纸 blue candle wrapping paper
蓝印纸 blueing paper
晒图纸 blueprint paper
兰色描图纸 bluetracing paper
扉页纸 board paper
单面光扉页纸 boardglazed paper
纱管纸,盘纸 bobbin paper
原纸 body paper
涂布原纸 bodystock paper
仿制纸 bogus paper
证券纸,高级书写纸 bond paper
书籍纸 book paper
帐簿纸 booking paper
瓶签纸 bottle labelling paper
压光辊用纸 bowl paper
纸盒糊面纸 boxcover paper
箱装书写纸 boxed writings paper
盲文印刷纸 braille(printing) paper
面包袋纸 bread bag paper
面包标签纸 bread label paper
光泽纸 bristel paper
锦纹纸,压印花纸 brocade paper
小册子用印刷纸 brochure paper
破损纸张 broken paper
溴素纸,照相放大纸 bromide paper
金色皱纹纸 bronze crepe paper
金色纸 bronze paper
棕色晒图纸 brown print paper
刷辊涂布纸 brush(coated) paper
植物幼苗防风纸 brushing kraft paper
泡沫涂布纸 bubble coated paper
浅黄的复写纸 buff copying paper
(制革用)磨光纸 buff(ing) paper
暗色绘图纸 buff drawing paper
建筑用纸 building paper
松厚书籍纸 bulking(book) paper
松厚纸 bulky paper
染色加工纸 bunt paper
布纹纸 burlap lined paper
高光泽纸 burnished paper
染色加工纸,过干纸 burnt paper
包肉纸 butcher's paper
黄油包装纸 butter paper
(电力)电缆纸 cable paper
含毛壁纸 caffoy paper
糕点包装纸 cake wrapping paper
日历纸 calenday paper
压光辊用纸 calender bowl paper
压光处理的纸张 calendered paper
仿革纸 calf paper
布纹纸 calico paper
布纹纸 cambric paper
圣经纸 combridge bible paper
宝石花纹涂布纸 cameo paper
蜡烛包装纸 candle paper
糖果袋纸 candy bag paper
布纹书写纸 canvas note paper
有光纸 cap paper
电容器纸 capacitor(tissue) paper
植物防护纸 capping paper
货车包覆纸 carlining paper
砂糖包装纸 caramel paper
石碳酸纸 carbolic paper
复写纸 carbon paper
复写纸原纸 carbon body paper
复写纸原纸 carbon raw paper
复写纸原纸 carbonizing paper
压感复写纸 carbonless (copy) paper
打光用纸,研磨纸 carborundum paper
卡片纸 card paper
极图记录纸 cardiographic paper
地毯纸 carpet lining paper
车箱顶棚用纸板 carriage pahel paper
地图纸,图表纸,记录纸 carte paper
极图记录纸,心电图记录纸 cartographic paper
纸盒衬纸 carton liner paper
弹壳纸,弹药用纸 cartridge paper
纸箱标签纸 case labels paper
运输包装纸 case lining paper
现金收支记录带纸 cash control tape paper
(现金收支)票据纸 register paper
运输包装纸 casing paper
帆布箱衬里用纸 casket paper
高光泽印刷纸,涂布美术纸 cast coated paper
(塑料薄膜用)浇铸纸 casting paper
目录纸 catalog (ue) paper
封面纸,绘图纸 catridge paper
松油纸 cedarized paper
芹菜培育纸 celery bleaching paper
赛璐珞原纸 celluloid paper
水泥袋纸 cement bag paper
陶瓷贴花纸 ceramic transfer paper
谷物箱衬纸 cereal box liners paper
白垩涂布纸 chalk transfer paper
办公纸 chancery paper
炭画书籍纸 charcoal book paper
木炭画纸 charcoal(drawing) paper
图表纸 chart paper
支票用纸 check paper
化学浆制成的纸张 chemical paper
支票纸,防伪纸 cheque paper
手工竹纸 china paper
模造纸 chintz paper
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