跪求翻译:请老师们将下面的中文翻译成英文吧!

跪求翻译:请老师们将下面的中文翻译成英文吧!,第1张

  With economic going all around the world, increasing levels of consumption, flower products as part of consumer goods have become commonplace in our daily life and was accepted by the people As the flower industry is a huge and complex system, of which the most important aspects of the logistics process as belonging to Flowers, the logistics would have to bring that cold chain logistics However, in the cold chain logistics among family, but also branched flower aspects of the disciplinary system

  This paper closely around the flower industry in Yunnan cold chain logistics the main line, with the current domestic and international flower industry status and trends of development of logistics and logistics in the flower industry in Yunnan, while the results achieved, combined with the actual situation, the logistics of the flower industry in Yunnan Development of a summary and analysis While using the SWOT analysis, 3T, 3C, 3P, 3Q, 3M application of the principles of the theory of knowledge, on the Yunnan Flower logistics development trend, the strength characteristics, opportunities and challenges facing the future planning development are significant for a more objective comprehensive, detailed analysis of the study

  The use of modern information technology for logistics flowers, is in line with historical trends and a more scientific selection, Yunnan flower industry to improve their own quality of cold chain logistics is an important part Advanced information technology, e-commerce technology, satellite navigation and global positioning system (GPS) the establishment of cold chain logistics for Yunnan flowers and flower market, the accuracy of the information market, providing a favorable business information such as technical support, and can be customers, especially foreign flowers provide a timely, accurate and effective marketing services flowers

  Cloud Flower by logistics and supply chain of Flower's all part of the cluster contrast, decomposition, planning, use of a large number of examples, data analysis, graphical and other programs to identify and determine the feasibility of the network planning process diagram, indicating a third party logistics enterprises flowers and the necessity of the advantages and disadvantages; proposed staffing structure of the cold chain logistics, making the flowers, the best human resources in logistics; on the import and export trade of our country and of effective international comparative analysis of Flower described the great potential for development of logistics In addition, the logistics industry in the clouds flower, flowers, freight packaging is equally important, it is directly related to the ultimate flower quality and rank, but also because it is only the longest time with the flowers close and the only protection This article is given in packaging standards and norms related to flowers, with flowers of their actual logistics of the situation in simple terms, and optimization

  Flower focus on the development of agriculture in the logistics industry to promote the system and network building is a more effective research institutions to provide services industry to further strengthen and standardize the order in flower competition in the logistics industry Cloud spent the logistics make full play to their advantages in resources, to further improve and perfect the existing system, which not only requires the protection of the policy, more need to maintain the law to make the flower industry in Yunnan, cold chain logistics healthy and rapid development

  Hope this can help you, if any problem with understanding the words, just find me

  最为显著的就是《孙子兵法》,据说已成为哈佛大学必修课。以下转自《孙子兵法在商业中的价值》

  “知己知彼,百战不殆;不知彼而知己,一胜一负;不知彼,不知己,每战必殆。”这句千古名言,不仅成为了古今军事战争中的一条胜负法则,在今日的如同战争一般的商业竞争中,也同样是经商者成败与否的首要定律。尤其体现在现代的国际贸易中,买卖双方对对方资信情况的了解方面,要避免对方的任何欺诈行为,首先就是要知道对方的企业形式,大概资产总额,品牌知名度即信誉度这些基本信,即所谓“不知诸侯谋者,不能预交”。还体现在大企业的跨国投资战略的运用上,为何家乐福败走日本,不就是他对投资地市场情况及商业文化估计不足所造成的吗。鉴于其失败的教训,现在的跨国投资商经常使用本土化的投资策略或干脆就融资兼并当地的企业进行管理经营,都是为了能更好的掌握目标国的市场,文化,政治,经济等一系列相关商业信息,充分反映了“不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者,不能行军;不用乡导,不能得地利”,这些不都是《孙子兵法》成功运用的典范吗。

  我们在企业的竞争优势中,有一条歧异性战略,不正体现了“凡战者,以正合,以奇胜。故善出奇者,无穷如天地,不竭如江海”。标歧立异可以表现在生产商品的独创性上,以新颖的款式吸引顾客消费,又或是提供独到的服务,比对手在竞争上领先一步;还表现在拥有一匹高素质的部门团队,企业的各部门合理分工,高效运作,也将极大程度的为企业创造出超额利润,也就是1+1>>2;还有建立出一套科学,高效的先进生产业务流水线,重视生产各环节的成本节约,在量积累的基础上实现质的飞越,这也是标歧立异的表现。

  在企业经营管理中,可以联系孙子提到的“道,天,地,将,法”这五个要素:道,可以理解为让企业上下一心,为实现共同目标而努力,典型的沃尔玛成功管理经验中,他们将部分股权分配给员工,让员工觉得是自己为自己工作,所以大家都会尽力去工作;天,自然气象,时节更替,对一些以农产品生产,产品远洋运输以及仓储意外灾害等风险方面有重要影响;地,衍生为企业对产品交通运输路线,风险,成本的分析上;将,体现了企业对部门领导的选用,应当就其所长,合理调配,用人不疑,疑人不用,这将关系到企业的战略运用与未来发展,也是企业存亡的关键;法,自然的联系到了公司的一系列管理机制和规章法度的制定,与军队管理一样,合理有效的规章制度总能最大程度的规范与调整企业的运行。

  当今商务活动中经常用到SWOT分析法,即对产品或企业状况从优势,劣势,机会,风险四方面进行分析,其本质意义刚好映证了《孙子兵法》中“是故智者之虑,必杂于厉害,杂于利而务可信也,杂于害而患可解也”这句话。切实的反映了事物的两面性特征,也是科学的分析问题的方法,这也是马克思唯物主义思想中要求的要全面看问题,才能不断接近正确答案。这对于企业领导者制定科学的发展战略,提供了理论依据。

  现在企业为何在销售商品之前要不断的进行市场调研;在销售过程中又不断的分析总结产品的市场信息及对手的销售状况,再决定未来的产量;几乎所有企业都有一部分资金用于购买企业相关保险,以应对未知风险;企业内部,也设有专门的智囊团,专门应对竞争对手的进攻性策略;为了防止因为汇率变动所带来的贸易损失,大型企业也会拥有一定的外汇储备;单单一个保洁公司,他旗下就拥有像飘柔,海飞丝,潘婷,沙宣,佳洁士,玉兰油,舒肤佳,汰渍等一系列大家耳熟能详的品牌,这就是一种企业为分散市场风险所采用的品牌多样化战略好的企业不一定是那些善于发动商业战的企业,但一定是善于应对来自各方面风险,甚至化不利为有利的企业,这些讲的就是“故用兵之法,无恃其不来,恃吾有以待之;无恃其不攻,恃吾有所不可攻也”的道理。

  我们不妨再谈谈企业管理。领导层与基层员工的关系,有如将领与士卒,“视卒如婴儿,故可与之赴深溪;视卒如爱子,故可与之俱死。厚而不能使,爱而不能令,乱而不能治,譬若骄子,不可用也”。每当看到这句话,总令我感慨颇多。企业,同样都是以获取利润为目的组织,为何有的企业会有上下一心,同舟共济的雄浑;有的企业却又那般树倒猢狲散,墙倒众人推的凄惨。这又让我想到了著名的化妆品牌玫琳凯,早在创业之初,其企业创始人玫琳凯就开始大力倡导,“信念第一、家庭第二、事业第三”的生活优先次序,用“你能做到”的精神来激励其他女性加入自己的事业,在这股强大精神力量的感召下,试问又有哪位想获得 成功的女士,不为其所动,试问其内部又有哪位员工不全力以赴,与企业携手并进。一支强大的军队,贵在其众志成城,其利断金的勇武,一支强大的企业团队也同样如此,纵观现代企业发展的成败,更加证实了孙武的观点,因此优秀企业家应该像对待孩子一样的对待自己员工,真心的疼爱,关心,鼓励却又不溺爱,放纵,做到恩威并施,赏罚分明。

  胜败乃兵家常事,商场如战场,面对竞争的失利,甚至破产的结局,应该想到“投之亡地然后存,陷之死地然后生。夫众陷于害,然后能为胜败。”现在引申为“至死地而后生”,面对逆境,与其无用的消极,担忧与绝望,不如孤注一掷,奋力做最后一拼,不放过任何一丝胜利的希望,又或是败局已定,只要人还在,就有希望重招旧部,积蓄实力,伺机东山再起。正所谓天无绝人之路,事事往往否极泰来;失去后才懂得珍惜,失败之后更能激发人们对成功的欲望,燃烧斗志奋起直追。

市场营销(Marketing)又称为 市场学、市场行销或行销学。简称“营销”,台湾常称作“行销”,是指个人或集体通过交易其创造的产品或价值以获得所需之物实现双赢或多赢的过程。

权威定义

美国市场营销协会下的定义是:

行销是创造、沟通与传送价值给顾客,及经营顾客关系以便让组织与其利益关系人受益的一种组织功能与程序

菲利普·科特勒下的定义强调了营销的价值导向:

市场营销是个人和集体通过创造,提供出售,并同别人交换和价值,以获得其所需所欲之物的一种社会和管理过程。

而格隆罗斯给的定义强调了营销的目的:

营销是在一种利益之上下,通过相互交换和承诺,建立、维持、巩固与消费者及其他参与者的关系,实现各方的目的)。

[编辑] 新式定义

台湾的江亘松在<你的行销行不行>中强调行销的变动性,利用行销的英文 Marketing 作了下面的定义

「什麼是行销?」就字面上来说,「行销」的英文是「Marketing」,若把 Marketing 这个字拆成 Market(市场)与 ing(英文的现在进行式表示方法)这两个部分,那行销可以用「市场的现在进行式」来表达产品、价格、促销、通路的变动性导致供需双方的微妙关系。

<你的行销行不行>ISBN: 978-986-82609-5-5,理财文化, 200708 出版

[编辑] 市场营销理论发展的四个阶段

初创阶段(1900年—1920年)

功能研究阶段(1921年—1945年)

现代市场营销学形成和发展阶段(1945年—1980年)

营销扩展阶段(1980年以后)

[编辑] 市场与需求

市场营销学中的市场可以等同于需求,即研究消费者的现实需求和潜在需求。

美国市场营销协会(AMA)的定义委员会1960年对市场提出以下的定义:

“ 市场是指一种货物或劳务的潜在购买者的集合需求。 ”

菲利普·科特勒把市场定义为

“ 市场是指某种产品的所有实际的和潜在的购买者的集合。 ”

[编辑] 市场的类型

市场从不同角度,可以划分为不同的类型。其中按商品的基本属性可划分为一般商品市场和特殊商品市场。一般商品市场指狭义的商品市场,即货物市场,包括消费品市场和工业品市场;特殊商品市场指为满足消费者的资金需要和服务需要而形成的市场,包括资本市场,劳动力市场和技术信息市场。对以上两种市场作分析时一般要研究消费者市场,产业市场和政府市场。

市场营销环境分析常用的方法为SWOT分析方法,它是英文Strength(优势)、Weakness(劣势)、Opportunity(机会)、Threaten(威胁)的意思。从内部环境分析优劣势,从外部环境分析机会与威胁。

[编辑] 市场营销策略

营销组合的四个因素常称作4P,即:

产品(Product)

价格 (Price)

推广 (Promotion)

通路与配销 (Place&Distribution)

这四个因素应用到营销过程中,就形成了四方面的营销策略。加上政治POLITICS和公共关系PUBLIC,是为6P。

1981年布姆斯(Booms)和比特纳(Bitner)建议在传统市场营销理论4Ps的基础上增加三个“服务性的P”,即:人员(People)、流程(Process)、环境(或是或实体环境;Physical evidence)。

根据与市场竞争对手对抗的需要而制定富有竞争力的产品、价格、渠道和促销政策。这一时期诞生了著名的4P理论。当时还是大众媒体盛行的时代,依靠大众媒体促进销售,无差异化策略成为这一阶段的明显特征。

[编辑] 产品

产品策略主要研究新产品开发,产品生命周期,品牌策略等,是价格策略,促销策略和分销策略的基础。

[编辑] 价格

价格策略又称定价策略,主要研究产品的定价、调价等[[市场营销工具]

[编辑] 推广

推广是将组织与产品讯息传播给目标市场的活动,它主要的焦点在於沟通。透过推广,企业试图让消费者知晓、了解、喜爱或购买产品,进而影响产品的知名度、形象、销售量,乃至於企业的生长与生存。有了推广,消费者才可得知产品提供何种利益、价格多少、可以到什麼地方购买及如何购买等,而这些消费者反应会进一步协助推动其他行销组合(产品、价格、通路)。

[编辑] 通路

又称渠道策略,也称为促销。它代表企业(机构)在将自身产品送抵最终消费者之前,所制定的与各类分销商之间的贸易关系、成本分摊和利益分配方式的综合体系。这里的分销商既包含批发商,也包含零售商,甚至包含物流配送商和直销公司的直销人员。

企业制定分销政策的目的是:让产品更顺畅地到达顾客手中,既要保证分销成本低廉,又要保证顾客对送货期、送货量、装配服务、疑难咨询等方面的要求。

在产品日益丰富的情况下,分销政策可能变得越来越难制定,因为相对于产品和品牌的过量,分销商则显得稀少,因而后者拥有了大量讨价还价的权力,力图从制造商或上游企业那里获得更大的利益分成比例。

零售商在最近10年的表现尤其令人瞩目,它们不仅从事零售,也开始插手于产品的上游生产过程,并以自己的店铺名称或独创名称作为自己所产新品的品牌——即自有品牌(private brand/label),或叫店铺品牌(store brand/label)。这更深地威胁到了纯粹的制造企业的利润空间,当然也大大增加了后者制定分销策略的难度。

[编辑] 人员(People)

所有的人都直接或间接地被卷入某种服务的消费过程中,这是7P营销组合很重要的一个观点。知识工作者、白领雇员、管理人员以及部分消费者将额外的价值增加到了既有的社会总产品或服务的供给中,这部分价值往往非常显著。

[编辑] 流程(Process)

服务通过一定的程序、机制以及活动得以实现的过程(亦即消费者管理流程),是市场营销战略的一个关键要素。

[编辑] 环境(Physical Evidence)

包括服务供给得以顺利传送的服务环境,有形商品承载和表达服务的能力,当前消费者的无形消费体验,以及向潜在顾客传递消费满足感的能力。

[编辑] 4C

包括:

顾客(Customer)

成本(Cost)

沟通(Communication)

便利(convenience)。

加上机会Chance,市场变化Change为6C。

不销售制造的产品,而要将满足消费者需求的产品售出;不要依竞争者或者自我的盈利策略定价,而是要通过一系列测试手段了解消费者为满足需求愿付出的成本;不要以自身为出发点,想着网点怎么布置,采用什么样的通路策略,而要关注消费者购买产品的便利性;不是想着如何通过媒体传播来提升销量,而要和消费者互动沟通。

[编辑] 营销种类

[编辑] 整合营销

整合营销传播(Integrated Marketing Communications )

[编辑] 数据库营销(DATABASE MARKETING)

[编辑] 网络营销(Internet Marketing)

网络营销是企业整体营销战略的一个组成部分,是为实现企业总体经营目标所进行的,以互联网为基本手段营造网上经营环境的各种活动。

网络营销的职能包括网站推广、网络品牌、信息发布、在线调研、顾客关系、顾客服务、销售渠道、销售促进八个方面。

Viral Marketing

[编辑] 标竿行销(Bench Marketing)

由江亘松在<你的行销行不行>提出

以某个市场上已经存在的竞争者为比较基准的行销方式,例如普腾这家公司於十几年前提出一句很经典的「Sorry,Sony」到现在还是经常被产业与学术界拿来当作行销的案例,近年来Audi一直宣称他们的部分车种在欧洲市场无论在性能或销售上都令双B感觉到威胁,这样的行销方法就是希望让那些原本没有打算买Audi的亚洲买家去思考,为什麼欧洲的消费者愿意买的车在亚洲的我们却没有给予适当的评价。

当然要提出这样的行销方式势必要先对自己的产品有一定的信心,否则如果「如花」喊出「Sorry林志玲」认同的观众应该不会太多吧。

Viral Marketing

[编辑] 直效营销(DIRECT MARKETING)

根据kotler.keller行销管理学第12版中译本

直效行销(direct marketing)是在没有中间行销商的情况下,利用消费者直接(consumer direct,CD)通路来接触及传送货品和服务给客户。主要通路包括直接信函、型录、电话推销,电视购物、小的售票亭、网路和汽车广告。

直效行销是互动是行销系统,利用一种或多种媒体影响任何地区可衡量的回应或交易。特别是在电子行销中正快速成长。

[编辑] 关系营销(RELATIONSHIP MARKETING)

在很多情况下,公司并不能寻求即时的交易,所以他们会与长期供应商建立顾客关系。

公司想要展现给顾客的是卓越的服务能力,现在的顾客多是大型且全球性的。他们偏好可以提供不同地区配套产品

或服务的供应商,且可以快速解决各地的问题。

当顾客关系管理计画被执行时,组织就必须同时注重顾客和产品管理。同时,公司必须明白,虽然关系行销很重要,

但并不是在任何情况下都会有效的。因此,公司必须评估哪一个部门与哪一种特定的顾客采用关系行销最有利。

[编辑] 燎原式行销

由江亘松在<你的行销行不行>提出「燎原式行销」的重点在於,以自己强大的财力为基础,先采取竞争对手无法跟随并获利的低价策略,逼迫市场竞争者纷纷退出并且树立警告指标不让其他潜在业者轻易越矩,这样在下一个不怕死的竞争者出现之前,就可以创造一个无竞争者的独占市场。

[编辑] 绿色营销

[编辑] 社会营销

[编辑] 营销社团

[编辑] 市场调研

市场调研又称营销调研,指企业在市场营销决策过程中,需要系统客观收集和分析有关营销活动的信息所做的研究。营销调研活动涉及到产品,广告,促销渠道选择,竞争者等诸多方面。

[编辑] 营销理论的新发展

病毒式营销

关系营销

数据库营销

网络营销

国际营销

绿色营销

服务营销

过程营销

收益管理

Marketing is an ongoing process of planning and executing the marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) for products, services or ideas to create exchange between individuals and organizations

Marketing tends to be seen as a creative industry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research

Essentially, marketing is the process of creating or directing an organization to be successful in selling a product or service that people not only desire, but are willing to buy

Therefore good marketing must be able to create a "proposition" or set of benefits for the end customer that delivers value through products or services

Its specialist areas include:

advertising and branding

communications

database marketing

direct marketing

event organization

field marketing

global marketing

international marketing

internet marketing

industrial marketing

market research

public relations

retailing

search engine marketing

marketing strategy

marketing plan

strategic management

Experiential marketing

Introduction

A market-focused, or customer-focused, organization first determines what its potential customers desire, and then builds the product or service Marketing theory and practice is justified in the belief that customers use a product or service because they have a need, or because it provides a perceived benefit

Two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers (base management) Once a marketer has converted the prospective buyer, base management marketing takes over The process for base management shifts the marketer to building a relationship, nurturing the links, enhancing the benefits that sold the buyer in the first place, and improving the product/service continuously to protect the business from competitive encroachments

For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps" must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers or Shoppers in the target market Trying to convince a market segment to buy something they don't want is extremely expensive and seldom successful Marketers depend on insights from marketing research, both formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what they are willing to pay for Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable competitive advantage Marketing management is the practical application of this process The offer is also an important addition to the 4P's theory

Within most organizations, the activities encompassed by the marketing function are led by a Vice President or Director of Marketing A growing number of organizations, especially large US companies, have a Chief Marketing Officer position, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer

The American Marketing Association (AMA) states, "Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders"[1]

Marketing methods are informed by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics Anthropology is also a small, but growing influence Market research underpins these activities Through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts Marketing is a wide and heavily interconnected subject with extensive publications It is also an area of activity infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture

[edit] Concept of Marketing

Marketing is an instructive business domain that serves to inform and educate target markets about the value and competitive advantage of a company and its products “Value” is worth derived by the customer from owning and using the product “Competitive Advantage” is a depiction that the company or its products are each doing something better than their competition in a way that could benefit the customer

Marketing is focused on the task of conveying pertinent company and product related information to specific customers, and there are a multitude of decisions (strategies) to be made within the marketing domain regarding what information to deliver, how much information to deliver, to whom to deliver, how to deliver, when to deliver, and where to deliver Once the decisions are made, there are numerous ways (tactics) and processes that could be employed in support of the selected strategies

The goal of marketing is to build and maintain a preference for a company and its products within the target markets The goal of any business is to build mutually profitable and sustainable relationships with its customers While all business domains are responsible for accomplishing this goal, the marketing domain bears a significant share of the responsibility

Within the larger scope of its definition, marketing is performed through the actions of three coordinated disciplines named: “Product Marketing”, “Corporate Marketing”, and “Marketing Communications” [1]

[edit] Two levels of marketing

Strategic marketing attempts to determine how an organization competes against its competitors in a market place In particular, it aims at generating a competitive advantage relative to its competitors

Operational marketing executes marketing functions to attract and keep customers and to maximize the value derived for them, as well as to satisfy the customer with prompt services and meeting the customer expectations Operational Marketing includes the determination of the porter's five forces

Four Ps

In the early 1960s, Professor Neil Borden at Harvard Business School identified a number of company performance actions that can influence the consumer decision to purchase goods or services Borden suggested that all those actions of the company represented a “Marketing Mix” Professor E Jerome McCarthy, also at the Harvard Business School in the early 1960s, suggested that the Marketing Mix contained 4 elements: product, price, place and promotion

In popular usage, "marketing" is the promotion of products, especially advertising and branding However, in professional usage the term has a wider meaning which recognizes that marketing is customer-centered Products are often developed to meet the desires of groups of customers or even, in some cases, for specific customers E Jerome McCarthy divided marketing into four general sets of activities His typology has become so universally recognized that his four activity sets, the Four Ps, have passed into the language

The four Ps are:

Product: The product aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the actual goods or services, and how it relates to the end-user's needs and wants The scope of a product generally includes supporting elements such as warranties, guarantees, and support

Pricing: This refers to the process of setting a price for a product, including discounts The price need not be monetary - it can simply be what is exchanged for the product or services, eg time, energy, psychology or attention

Promotion: This includes advertising, sales promotion, publicity, and personal selling, branding and refers to the various methods of promoting the product, brand, or company

Placement (or distribution): refers to how the product gets to the customer; for example, point of sale placement or retailing This fourth P has also sometimes been called Place, referring to the channel by which a product or services is sold (eg online vs retail), which geographic region or industry, to which segment (young adults, families, business people), etc

字数超限

SWOT分析法的创始人吧?

美国人

===========================

肯尼思·安德鲁斯(Kenneth R Andrews, 1916-2005),哈佛商学院教授、SWOT分析法的创始人。

Harvard Business Review, and a beloved “master” of Leverett House (one of Harvard University’s undergraduate residences), died on Sunday, Sept 4, at his home in Durham, NH, after a brief illness He was 89 years old and had also resided in Cambridge, Mass

A member of the Harvard Business School faculty for forty years, Andrews retired from the active faculty in 1986 At the time of his death, he was the School’s Donald Kirk David Professor of Business Administration Emeritus

A Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Wesleyan University, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in English in 1936 and a master’s in American literature a year later, Kenneth Richmond Andrews was pursuing a PhD in English at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign) when his studies were interrupted by World War II Drafted into the service, he found himself at the Army Air Force's Statistical Control School, which was held on the HBS campus and taught by members of the School’s faculty Andrews was impressed by the quality of the teaching; his instructors were equally impressed by the quality of his intellect

With the end of the war, Andrews, who had risen in rank from private to major, returned to the University of Illinois in 1946 to complete his dissertation on Twain Within a few months, however, he received a call from HBS professor Edmund Learned, offering the opportunity to join a multidisciplinary teaching group being formed at the School to teach a new course in organizational behavior called Administrative Practices What clinched the deal in HBS’s favor was the opportunity for Andrews to also continue his research at Harvard’s Widener Library, which housed Twain’s private papers, and to complete his dissertation (which was published to critical acclaim in 1950 as Nook Farm: Mark Twain’s Hartford Circle)

Remaining at HBS after receiving his doctorate in 1948, Andrews not only taught MBA students and wrote case studies, but he undertook an exhaustive survey of the effectiveness of university and corporate executive training programs But around the same time, another opportunity came his way that proved to be an inflection point in his career He was asked to join a small group of other faculty reviewing the School’s required course in Business Policy, in which MBA students examined the problems of an entire company from the perspective of top management Professorial input, however, was limited mainly to the personal perspectives of the senior faculty members who taught the course

After more than two years, this group developed the concept of corporate strategy as the organizing principle of the course Andrews put his mark on the project with an important series of case studies on the Swiss watch industry As a result of these efforts, the Business Policy course underwent a complete revision and influenced the work of other professors’ course development as well in areas such as competitiveness and country and industry analysis In addition to its impact on the HBS curriculum, this groundbreaking work also contributed to the rise of corporate strategy as a specialty in the management consulting industry

During his career, Andrews held many leadership positions that were important in the life of both Harvard Business School and Harvard University Besides heading the Business Policy course and chairing the General Management unit, he served as chairman of the School’s Advanced Management Program for senior executives from 1967 to 1970 While in this position, he submitted an influential report laying out objectives that guided the School’s expansion of its Executive Education portfolio from two programs to twelve during the 1970s

“Ken Andrews’s contributions to Harvard Business School were enormous,” said HBS professor and strategy expert Joseph L Bower “With Professor C Roland Christensen and others, Ken Andrews built the field of business policy, which laid the foundation for what we now think of as the field of strategy He also dramatically improved the professionalism of our Advanced Management Program and transformed Harvard Business Review into a leading journal of business ideas For me personally, he was a very wise and caring mentor, and I felt particularly honored to succeed him in the chair named after former Dean Donald David”

In 1971, in the midst of considerable student unrest at Harvard and other universities, Harvard president Nathan Marsh Pusey appointed Andrews the master, or head, of Leverett House It was an assignment that Andrews--with his wife, Carolyn, as Leverett’s first comaster—completed with great success over the next decade, easing the transition into coeducation and creating a sense of community in a large, ethnically diverse group of undergraduates

After his move into Leverett House, Andrews began his long association with the Harvard Business Review (HBR), first as chairman of its editorial board from 1972 to 1979 and then as editor from 1979 to 1985 During this period, he became increasingly interested in the study of ethics and personal values in the workplace, encouraging contributions to the magazine on this topic from business practitioners In 1989, he published “Ethics in Practice,” an HBR article that focused on developing managers as moral individuals, building an environment in which standards and values are central to the company's strategy, and formulating and implementing policies that support and sustain ethical performance This effort soon led to the book Ethics in Practice: Managing the Moral Corporation, a collection of 21 Harvard Business Review articles he edited and for which he wrote the introduction Under Andrews’s leadership, the magazine’s reputation and influence grew considerably, and by the time he stepped down, its worldwide circulation had grown to 240,000, with eleven foreign editions

Throughout his career, Andrews was also active as a consultant, director, and trustee, working with a number of organizations, including the Harvard University Press; Wesleyan University; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; and Xerox Corporation

He was the author of numerous articles on executive education, management development, corporate strategy, and corporate governance In addition to his work on Twain, his books include The Effectiveness of University Management Development Programs (1966), which won the Society for Advancement of Management Book Award; Business Policy: Text and Cases (1965 and many other editions), and The Concept of Corporate Strategy (1971 and 1980), which won the McKinsey Foundation Book Award

Andrews received an honorary master’s degree from Harvard University in 1957 He also received the Distinguished Service Award from Harvard Business School in 1990; the citation for that award read: "He understands, as Mark Twain never did, how business works best; his writings elucidate the complex subject to the benefit of his Harvard colleagues and of managers everywhere"

A voracious reader until his death and a New York Times crossword puzzle enthusiast, Andrews also found solace in the outdoors and developed a passion for gardening and boating

He was married to Edith Platt from 1945 to 1969 She died in 2002 His marriage to Carolyn Erskine Hall lasted from 1970 until her death, also in 2002

He is survived by a son, Ken Jr, of Marlborough, Mass; a daughter, Carolyn, of Maynard, Mass; three stepchildren, Lyn Hejinian of Berkeley, Cal, Douglas Hall of San Francisco, and Marie Katrak, of Durham, NH; six grandchildren; and nine great-grandchildren

Services will be private

篇一2020护肤产品策划书

一、前言

 xxxx一直深受时尚消费群体的喜爱。尤其是xxxx的润唇系列,品种多得让人目不暇接,在打造“润唇专家”的同时,xxxx也开拓其男士市场,不断推动男士个人护理的新时尚,现在的xxxx已不仅仅是女士的专利了。做好xxxx的广告策划,并实施好其广告策略,有助于塑造更好的xxxx的品牌形象。有助于提提高xxxx在消费者心中的地位。

 二、市场分析

 1、市场前景

 数据显示,中国每年在美容产品上的人均支出仅为x欧元(合xx美元),而x国是xx欧元,这凸显出中国市场的增长潜力。未来x年,国内男士对化妆品的需求量将以每年96%的速度递增。男士日化领域,最先推出男士产品的是xx旗下的碧柔,然后是x国xxx的xxx。来势汹汹的化妆品巨头xxx,带着旗下的xx、xxx和xxx,对市场进行高、中、低档全方位通吃。xxxx旗下的玉兰油、吉列都推出了相应的男士系列。xxxx近年对男士系列的发力也不容忽视。男士护肤品市场的巨大潜力,让国际、国内品牌都盯准了这块蛋糕。xx推出玉兰油男士护肤系列、吉列男士全球推出细分功能型产品。xx、xxx、xx等本土品牌也不甘示弱地加入争夺战。目前,除了日常的清洁和滋润产品外,一些品牌还推出了美白等功能性产品,以满足不同行业男士的需求,而且销量都不错。不管是哪一个官方的报道还是调查的数据显示结果,都表明了,男士化妆品市场的增长出乎意料!

 2、竞争对手

 xxxx的主要竞争对手有xxx、xxx其他竞争对手包括相对xxxx更高档次的护肤品和小品牌男士护肤品。调查结果显示,xxx、xxx、xxxx三大品牌占据了中国男士护肤品市场的大部分份额。

 3、消费者接受程度

 调查结果显示,在我国的护肤品市场内,xxxx主要针对的是年轻消费群体,在这部分消费者中,16-35岁的消费者是主力消费者,他们追求时尚,追求健康,所以他们对自己的皮肤健康也非常在乎。

 三、广告策略

 1、目标策略

 通过此次广告宣传,不仅为了增加本次活动的几款男士产品的销量,也是为了提升他们的知名度,而且为了让潜在男士消费者更加深入的了解产品的功效,注重对皮肤健康的保养。

 2、定位策略

 xxxx定位于大众中低端品牌,以年龄在16-35岁的年轻消费者为诉求对象。

 3、媒体选择

 电视、报刊、公共汽车车身、站台和pop。

 4、诉求策略

 xxxx广告宣传诉求一种品质,塑造一个诠释男士健康、阳光、随性、自然的本色形象。

 5、广告创意

 A、平面广告文案

 标题:xxxx、身份的象征!

 广告语:让你焕然一新!

 正文:人生,充满挑战!何况在现今这个竞争激烈的社会中,男士的压力越来越大,他们扮演的角色又多又重。怎么忍心让男人这么累?他们也应该有自己追求的生活品质。有自己追求的美。那么从现在、从此刻开始,关注男士对美的追求。他们也应该有享受美的权利。

 随文:xxxx,男士护肤的朋友,用心打造男士更高的生活品质,带给你焕然一新的全新感受。

 B、电视广告文案

 口号:爱他、就给他xxxx!

 1、画面一、在一个堆满文件的办公间里、一位男士满脸沧桑的在埋头苦想。

 画面二、在男士对面的办公间里,漂亮的女生用充满爱慕和心疼的眼神看着男士。

 画面三、女生拿出xxxx,放在男士办公桌上,并说:“对自己好点,生活不只是工作。”男士站起来握紧女生的手,两人深情对望。

 画外音:男人的生活不是只有工作,他也需要关爱。

 2、画面一、在一个温馨的家里,丈夫在书房里满脸倦容的整理文件。

 画面二、妻子推门进来,一只手端了一杯咖啡,另一只手藏在背后,走进书桌旁,把咖啡递给丈夫,丈夫停下工作接过咖啡,笑着看向妻子。妻子问“明天的谈判准备的怎么样了。”丈夫答道“还不错。”妻子拿出藏在身后的xxxx“相信你一定可以的。”

 画面三、在偌大的会议厅里、丈夫谈判成功。他拿出手机打给妻子说:“你给的爱,总是那么贴心。有你真好。”

 画外音:男人并不是强大到不需要关爱,一点小小的关爱,便足以让他们感动。

 四、广告计划

 1、广告目标

 针对男士,迅速提高品牌知名度,增加市场占有率,提高销量。

 2、广告时间

 从十二月至次年四月月

 3、广告的目标市场

 年龄在16-35岁之间的消费者。

 4、广告费用预算

 1)广告制作费用x万元

 2)广告媒介费用x万元

 3)其他所需费用x万元

 费用总额x万元

 五、效果预测

 通过广告宣传、在五个月内,将xxxx的品牌认真度迅速提高,增加其市场占有率,并增加xxxx的销量。使其能够在xx雅和xxx中占有一定的优势。

篇二2020护肤产品策划书

一、宏观市场分析

 (一)整体市场分析

 xxx自xx年进入中国市场以来,销售拉动广告铺天盖地,朔就了其强大的品牌优势,相对低廉的产品价格,众多的零售网点,月月出彩的终端活动,这些促进销售的法宝在xxx集合为一身。xxx在国内彩妆产品市场整体份额占有率达20%强,在很多二级城市,xxx的市场份额占有率达到60%以上,而专柜销量更是占到了xxx整体销量的60%以上。xxx有强大的广告支撑品牌拓展,有x年的国内销售经验,有大众化的产品定位,盘踞着各地大中型商场超市的专柜,支撑着化妆品店的形象……xxx很强大,强大的比我们还熟悉国内消费者的需求,强大到可以成为市场走向的风向标。

 (二)高校化妆品消费市场分析

 大学生化妆品调查背景和意义xxx是中国公关门户,是中国企业公关总监、媒体、行业的交继电脑、MP3、手机等IT通信产品等消费热后,化妆品正在成为大学生群体中的又一新兴消费热潮。在目前金融危机加剧,就业压力增强的环境下,使用化妆品的现实意义已经从美容、礼仪的角度,扩展到个人素养,就业竞争力等方面。大学生的化妆品消费不仅形成了一个规模可观的细分市场,甚至对整体市场也发生着影响。大学生们青春时尚,接受过良好的教育,社会关注程度高,如果通过大学生的消费取向影响年轻人群体的消费潮流,无疑将获得巨大的市场效果。因此,大学生消费者不仅具有现实的市场价值,对于企业竞争优势的建立或者品牌形象的塑造,都是值得重视的合作对象。

 (三)高校彩妆卷调查结果分析

 1、市场容量

 市场容量是指市场总量与该品牌的市场份额的乘积。市场容量除了包括消费群容量还包括潜在消费群容量,在不使用彩妆产品的人群中(我们把他们定为潜在消费群)这类群体的个体数量相当可观,占到全体的485%,通过问卷的数据反馈,我们了解到他们不使用彩妆的原因主要为:‘认为平淡也是一种美,不必要刻意修饰。’(有556%的潜在消费者选择此项);‘平时太忙,没时间化妆’和‘不会化妆’也分别占到294%和276%。尽管她们不使用彩妆,但绝大部分的人都没有认为‘在这方面花钱不值得’,选这项的人仅仅占3%左右,这说明不使用彩妆或许是一种很无奈的选择,内心的潜意识还是向往,毕竟爱美是女人的天性。

 2、品牌认知

 在彩妆品牌认知度上,大家的认知还是较为广泛的。但在实际购买行为中,消费者选择的品牌却绝大部分是xxx,xxx,xxx但从数据上我们不难看到我们大学生的消费群体是拥有巨大潜力的消费者。在会选择什么价位的化妆品上,学生集中选择了中低档价位。

 xxx作为国内彩妆市场的第一品牌,已经牢牢抓住人心,所以一提到你所认知的化妆品牌很多人都首先写到“xxx”。不难看出其品牌深入人心,但是提到要购买的化妆品牌时,绝大部分的学生并没有选择xxx这样的牌子。我觉得大学校园是化妆品市场消费的潜力群体,如果哪个化妆品牌能开拓这个消费市场的话是个不错的idea。

 二、xxx彩妆产品SWOT分析优势(strengrth)

 1、xxx的彩妆产品已经全面采用全成分标识,这在国内品牌中还比较少见。

 产品定位清晰:彩妆品牌——定位为18-30岁使用彩妆的女性。

 2、xxx一贯坚持纯天然、健康的理念,无论从店铺装修还是产品的包装都是采用天然健康的环保料。3以高品质,合理价位,简洁设计和丰富多彩的颜色为基本概念,充分展现个性感觉,引领时尚潮流,符合大学生的消费观点。

 三、营销策划目的

 本次策划的目的是让更多的大学生了解、使用“xxx”这一化妆品。力争在校园营销活动中在校园内打响产品。

 四、营销策划战略

 目标市场:国内各高校

 销售渠道与策略:

 (1)美宝莲进入大学校园选择的销售渠道是校园超市和连锁便利店,以及结合商超、小终端、美容专业线几种渠道之优势所在。

 (2)采用广告开道,促销活动策略,自我销售策略,网络销售策略。

 品牌定位:中低档,定位于大众品牌,通过各种超市渠道加大其在校园的渗透力度,让每一个大学生在任何一个地方都能买到它的产品。

 广告策略:采用最新广告策划方案,增加xxx的知名度,广告采用亚洲明星代言,强调xxx的适用对象,在大学校园多做促销活动,进行彩妆知识宣传,突出xxx彩妆的优点和特色,让美宝莲大众化而非大路化。

 专柜陈列策略:以试用装陈列为主体,专柜要简洁而不简单,品牌形象突出,并采用专柜销售和广告影响相互促进的销售策略。

 媒体策略:在大众平面杂志媒体上投放品牌推广性广告为主体,专柜及活动现场播放化妆科普宣传片为辅助。并结合实用的化妆演示推广。

 促销活动策略:以根据季节变换推广妆容为主要活动引导,以妆容产品礼包作为主要促销形式,派发传单,以抽奖活动气氛强烈。

谈到“务真求实”,这是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主意一贯奉行的科学精神,也是当今我党和政府一直坚持大力弘扬的时代精神;甚至追溯到上古时代的无数 明君良臣,无不以此作为重要的处世之道。放眼当今错中复杂的国际形式,作为中华民族的优秀儿女,我们不能忘记祖先为我们留下的无价之宝——人类宝贵的文化遗产——《孙子兵法》。《孙子兵法》虽说是部兵家之作,但其基本原则与思想方法,已深入渗透到当今世界包括军事在内的各领域中。书中以始计开篇,从头至尾无不贯穿着孙子(作者)“务真求实”的唯物主义思想;这使得《孙子兵法》真真正正的实现了思想的客观性与科学性,成为古今中外广为流传的不朽名著。在这,我将就自己的认识,简要分析一下《孙子兵法》在现代商业中的价值。 “知己知彼,百战不殆;不知彼而知己,一胜一负;不知彼,不知己,每战必殆。”这句千古名言,不仅成为了古今军事战争中的一条胜负法则,在今日的如同战争一般的商业竞争中,也同样是经商者成败与否的首要定律。尤其体现在现代的国际贸易中,买卖双方对对方资信情况的了解方面,要避免对方的任何欺诈行为,首先就是要知道对方的企业形式,大概资产总额,品牌知名度即信誉度这些基本信,即所谓“不知诸侯谋者,不能预交”。还体现在大企业的跨国投资战略的运用上,为何家乐福败走日本,不就是他对投资地市场情况及商业文化估计不足所造成的吗。鉴于其失败的教训,现在的跨国投资商经常使用本土化的投资策略或干脆就融资兼并当地的企业进行管理经营,都是为了能更好的掌握目标国的市场,文化,政治,经济等一系列相关商业信息,充分反映了“不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者,不能行军;不用乡导,不能得地利”,这些不都是《孙子兵法》成功运用的典范吗。 我们在企业的竞争优势中,有一条歧异性战略,不正体现了“凡战者,以正合,以奇胜。故善出奇者,无穷如天地,不竭如江海”。标歧立异可以表现在生产商品的独创性上,以新颖的款式吸引顾客消费,又或是提供独到的服务,比对手在竞争上领先一步;还表现在拥有一匹高素质的部门团队,企业的各部门合理分工,高效运作,也将极大程度的为企业创造出超额利润,也就是1+1>>2;还有建立出一套科学,高效的先进生产业务流水线,重视生产各环节的成本节约,在量积累的基础上实现质的飞越,这也是标歧立异的表现。 在企业经营管理中,可以联系孙子提到的“道,天,地,将,法”这五个要素:道,可以理解为让企业上下一心,为实现共同目标而努力,典型的沃尔玛成功管理经验中,他们将部分股权分配给员工,让员工觉得是自己为自己工作,所以大家都会尽力去工作;天,自然气象,时节更替,对一些以农产品生产,产品远洋运输以及仓储意外灾害等风险方面有重要影响;地,衍生为企业对产品交通运输路线,风险,成本的分析上;将,体现了企业对部门领导的选用,应当就其所长,合理调配,用人不疑,疑人不用,这将关系到企业的战略运用与未来发展,也是企业存亡的关键;法,自然的联系到了公司的一系列管理机制和规章法度的制定,与军队管理一样,合理有效的规章制度总能最大程度的规范与调整企业的运行。 当今商务活动中经常用到SWOT分析法,即对产品或企业状况从优势,劣势,机会,风险四方面进行分析,其本质意义刚好映证了《孙子兵法》中“是故智者之虑,必杂于厉害,杂于利而务可信也,杂于害而患可解也”这句话。切实的反映了事物的两面性特征,也是科学的分析问题的方法,这也是马克思唯物主义思想中要求的要全面看问题,才能不断接近正确答案。这对于企业领导者制定科学的发展战略,提供了理论依据。 现在企业为何在销售商品之前要不断的进行市场调研;在销售过程中又不断的分析总结产品的市场信息及对手的销售状况,再决定未来的产量;几乎所有企业都有一部分资金用于购买企业相关保险,以应对未知风险;企业内部,也设有专门的智囊团,专门应对竞争对手的进攻性策略;为了防止因为汇率变动所带来的贸易损失,大型企业也会拥有一定的外汇储备;单单一个保洁公司,他旗下就拥有像飘柔,海飞丝,潘婷,沙宣,佳洁士,玉兰油,舒肤佳,汰渍等一系列大家耳熟能详的品牌,这就是一种企业为分散市场风险所采用的品牌多样化战略好的企业不一定是那些善于发动商业战的企业,但一定是善于应对来自各方面风险,甚至化不利为有利的企业,这些讲的就是“故用兵之法,无恃其不来,恃吾有以待之;无恃其不攻,恃吾有所不可攻也”的道理。 我们不妨再谈谈企业管理。领导层与基层员工的关系,有如将领与士卒,“视卒如婴儿,故可与之赴深溪;视卒如爱子,故可与之俱死。厚而不能使,爱而不能令,乱而不能治,譬若骄子,不可用也”。每当看到这句话,总令我感慨颇多。企业,同样都是以获取利润为目的组织,为何有的企业会有上下一心,同舟共济的雄浑;有的企业却又那般树倒猢狲散,墙倒众人推的凄惨。这又让我想到了著名的化妆品牌玫琳凯,早在创业之初,其企业创始人玫琳凯就开始大力倡导,“信念第一、家庭第二、事业第三”的生活优先次序,用“你能做到”的精神来激励其他女性加入自己的事业,在这股强大精神力量的感召下,试问又有哪位想获得 成功的女士,不为其所动,试问其内部又有哪位员工不全力以赴,与企业携手并进。一支强大的军队,贵在其众志成城,其利断金的勇武,一支强大的企业团队也同样如此,纵观现代企业发展的成败,更加证实了孙武的观点,因此优秀企业家应该像对待孩子一样的对待自己员工,真心的疼爱,关心,鼓励却又不溺爱,放纵,做到恩威并施,赏罚分明。 胜败乃兵家常事,商场如战场,面对竞争的失利,甚至破产的结局,应该想到“投之亡地然后存,陷之死地然后生。夫众陷于害,然后能为胜败。”现在引申为“至死地而后生”,面对逆境,与其无用的消极,担忧与绝望,不如孤注一掷,奋力做最后一拼,不放过任何一丝胜利的希望,又或是败局已定,只要人还在,就有希望重招旧部,积蓄实力,伺机东山再起。正所谓天无绝人之路,事事往往否极泰来;失去后才懂得珍惜,失败之后更能激发人们对成功的欲望,燃烧斗志奋起直追。 疏于对《孙子兵法》作详实的分析,以上的个人分析总结,仅仅只能从一些比较通俗易懂的方面将《孙子兵法》与现实进行联系,出于思想的局限,无法更近一步领悟孙武的思想精髓,不过从我所了解的一些比较明显的观点看,孙武真不愧为一代伟大的思想家,政治家,军事家,其对务真求实的唯物主义思想的不懈追求,为我们的现实生活提供了许多科学的理论依据,为世界人民留下了无可估量的宝贵财富。其不朽之作《孙子兵法》必将流芳百世,垂范千秋。

  摘 要 医院后勤工作是整个医院工作的基础,不仅仅关系到医院的医疗、科研等工作的正常运转和健康发展,也关系到职工积极性的调动和医院的全局。目前,医院后勤管理还处于相对薄弱的状态,被重视的程度还不够。而作为一项复杂的系统工程的医院后勤管理来说,要怎么做好这项工作就成了一个关键性问题。

关键词医院后勤管理 问题分析

AbstractThe rear service of the hospital is the hospital work foundation, not only related to the hospital"s medical treatment, scientific research work in the normal operation and healthy development, but also related to mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff and hospital global At present, the hospital logistics management is also relatively weak state, to be enough As a complex system engineering of hospital logistics management, how to do the work well will become a key problem

Key words Hospital logistics management; Problem analysis

引 言

随着医院的不断发展,设备规模的扩大及群众需求的变化,后勤管理工作的开展也越来越有难度。因此,给后勤工作也提出了新的要求,促使后勤工作进行改革。近年来,医院的领导和后勤管理人员一直在研究和探索后勤改革,改革的尝试在深度和广度上都有一定的进展。但是,由于理论认知和实际操作上都存在着不少主、客观方面的原因,导致了后勤改革的现状很难如愿。这不仅滞后于整个社会对于深化卫生改革的要求,还有可能成为医院改革与发展的一个沉重包袱。

1、院后勤管理社会化的必要性

有利于减员增效并提高劳动生产效率。实施医院后勤服务社会化不仅有利于减员增效,同时也能提高劳动生产率。医院要提高效益,首先必须降低成本,因此,减少人力资源上的闲置和浪费是当务之急。实施医院后勤服务社会化,医院可以充分利用社会在信息、资源和服务方面的各种优势,把许多可以也应该由社会承担的服务职能还给社会。医院则可通过市场,选择最有利于自身需求的服务减少医院在人员和管理上的支出,从而达到减员增效的目的。

有利于卫生产业化的发展。从市场经济的角度看,卫生事业不仅具有公益性质,而且也具有产业性质,卫生事业的可持续发展依赖于产业化能力的提高。我国加入WTO后,卫生领域的对外开放是不以人的意志为转移的。基于这种情况,我们必须牢固树立以发展卫生产业来推进卫生事业的观念,打破垄断,引入竞争, 解放思想,转变观念,以此来促进卫生事业的可持续发展。

有利于提高医院的财力、物力运作能力。医院后勤服务要实行社会化,就是要通过计算成本、计算效率,让投入与产出之间的关系使医院后勤的财力、物力来加速流转,产生效益,从而使医院盘活在后勤服务方面的资产。医院的后勤服务体系是庞大的,需要各项巨额开支、各种闲置的储存物资和经费,都可以省下来用于医教研第一线的发展。随着市场机制的不断开拓,医院后勤的社会化是不可避免的趋势,谁能领先一步,就能闯出一条适应市场经济发展的新路子。

2、加强对后勤人员管理应做的几个方面

加强队伍建设,提高人员素质。做好后勤服务,必须要抓住人才这一关键因素,只有人才才能够赢得市场。加强后勤服务关键是提高后勤队伍的素质,激发人的活力,为技术创新打好基础。应该有计划地对后勤服务保障队伍在年龄、文化知识和业务技能等方面的结构进行合理的调整,加快人才队伍建设和人才资源开发,尤其是要加强领导班子队伍建设。

建立科学、合理的用人制度。采取新人新政策,老人老办法,妥善解决好分离出来的后勤人员的社会福利保障问题,保护好后勤职工的利益。不断更新他们的观念,使他们树立风险意识、竞争意识、效益意识。深化劳动人事制度改革,引入竞争机制。建立灵活有效的分配激励机制,畅通人员进出渠道,增强用人制度的灵活性。另外,要把从社会招聘的干部和职工档案放入社会人才交流中心,纳入社会人才管理和保障体系。建立新型医院管理机制,可以提高医院管理效率和医疗服务水平,满足社会多层次需求的新型管理机制。

在后勤职工中实行全员聘用合同制,并实行评聘分开,强化岗位聘用,鼓励竞争上岗,促使职工把自己与医院的发展紧密联系在一起。为了创造一个具有激励竞争作用的分配机制,就应该坚持效率优先、兼顾公平的原则,改变原有的不合理的分配机制,激发和调动后勤职工的积极性,提高工作效率。

强化服务,塑造品牌。树立起牢固的竞争意识、服务意识、品牌意识,并能用良好的形象和优质的服务保障市场。坚持建立现代科学管理制度,不断提高后勤产业的科技含量,依靠科学技术进步推动后勤服务社会化发展的进程。可实行灵活多样的经营形式,调动一切积极因素发展后勤经济。再运用市场机制的激励作用,使其完全适应市场经济的要求,把后勤服务真正推向社会,从而更有效地提高后勤服务的质量和效益。

3、优化后勤管理技术

后勤管理过程要引入竞争机制。后勤工作应定岗定位,对于富裕人员应对其进行培训,参加竞争,这样可以增加在岗者的危机感,激发起他们的工作热情。此外,后勤工作还要广泛的应用现代化的办公手段,有效利用电脑。知识经济是信息资源巨增的时代,对信息的积累和处理速度直接影响决策的成败,因此广泛应用计算机技术对于提高后勤管理工作是很有必要的。

优秀的医院后勤管理者应该有一个确定明智的方向。医院后勤管理工作是一项比较复杂的工作,如果没有一个明确的方向,在任何时期都没有长远的考虑,那么,到头来就是劳而无功的,对后勤管理工作来说毫无意义,也谈不上任何进展。

优秀的后勤领导者要有发现人才的能力。一个人的才能必定是有限的,优秀的领导者应该具备挖掘人才,将其才能淋漓尽致的发挥出来的能力。以便为后勤工作做出更大的贡献。

结 语

综上所述,医院后勤管理工作的成败与多个方面因素都有关系,要重点提高医疗质量、科研水平。要以事业有没有发展,医疗、科研水平有没有得到提高,医院的管理水平有没有提高,人民群众和医务人员是否满意为衡量医院后勤改革的标准,全方位做好后勤管理工作。

(责任编辑:冬 娜)

参考文献

[1]李亚萍 我国公立医院后勤管理社会化现状和发展趋势分析 医学与社会200802

[2]刘风明 医院后勤管理 北京:医学出版社 2004

[3]刘志连 王晓蓉 王育珊 医院后勤精细化管理的SWOT分析 医院管理论坛 2011

作者简介

吴振兴 黑龙江省医院

  沃尔玛(Wal-Mart)SWOT分析

  优势Strengths

  沃尔玛是著名的零售业品牌,它以物美价廉、货物繁多和一站式购物而闻名。

  沃尔玛的销售额在近年内有明显增长,并且在全球化的范围内进行扩张(例如,它收购了英国的零售商ASDA)

  沃尔玛的一个核心竞争力是由先进的信息技术所支持的国际化物流系统例如, 在该系统支持下,每一件商品在全国范围内的每一间卖场的运输、销售、储存等物流信息都可以清晰地看到。信息技术同时也加强了沃尔玛高效的采购过程。

  沃尔玛的一个焦点战略是人力资源的开发和管理。优秀的人才是沃尔玛在商业上成功的关键因素,为此沃尔玛投入时间和金钱对优秀员工进行培训并建立忠诚度。

  劣势Weaknesses

  沃尔玛建立了世界上最大的食品零售帝国。尽管它在信息技术上拥有优势,但因为其巨大的业务拓展,这可能导致对某些领域的控制力不够强。

  因为沃尔玛的商品涵盖了服装、食品等多个部门,它可能在适应性上比起更加专注于某一领域的竞争对手存在劣势。

  该公司是全球化的,但是目前只开拓了少数几个国家的市场。

  机会Opportunities

  采取收购、合并或者战略联盟的方式与其他国际零售商合作,专注于欧洲或者大中华区等特定市场。

  沃尔玛的卖场当前只开设在在少数几个国家内。因此,拓展市场(如中国,印度)可以带来大量的机会。

  沃尔玛可以通过新的商场地点和商场形式来获得市场开发的机会。更接近消费者的商场和建立在购物中心内部的商店可以使过去仅仅是大型超市的经营方式变得多样化。

  沃尔玛的机会存在于对现有大型超市战略的坚持。

  威胁Threats

  沃尔玛在零售业的领头羊地位使其成为所有竞争对手的赶超目标。

  沃尔玛的全球化战略使其可能在其业务国家遇到政治上的问题。

  多种消费品的成本趋向下降,原因是制造成本的降低。造成制造成本降低的主要原因是生产外包向了世界上的低成本地区。这导致了价格竞争,并在一些领域内造成了通货紧缩。恶性价格竞争是一个威胁。

  Wal-Mart SWOT分析原文[1]

  Strengths

  Wal-Mart is a powerful retail brand It has a reputation for value for money, convenience and a wide range of products all in one store

  Wal-Mart has grown substantially over recent years, and has experienced global expansion (for example its purchase of the United Kingdom based retailer ASDA)

  The company has a core competence involving its use of information technology to support its international logistics system For example, it can see how individual products are performing country-wide, store-by-store at a glance IT also supports Wal-Mart's efficient procurement

  A focused strategy is in place for human resource management and development People are key to Wal-Mart's business and it invests time and money in training people, and retaining a developing them

  Weaknesses

  Wal-Mart is the World's largest grocery retailer and control of its empire, despite its IT advantages, could leave it weak in some areas due to the huge span of control

  Since Wal-Mart sell products across many sectors (such as clothing, food, or stationary), it may not have the flexibility of some of its more focused competitors

  The company is global, but has has a presence in relatively few countries Worldwide

  Opportunities

  To take over, merge with, or form strategic alliances with other global retailers, focusing on specific markets such as Europe or the Greater China Region

  The stores are currently only trade in a relatively small number of countries Therefore there are tremendous opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets, such as China and India

  New locations and store types offer Wal-Mart opportunities to exploit market development They diversified from large super centres, to local and mall-based sites

  Opportunities exist for Wal-Mart to continue with its current strategy of large, super centres

  Threats

  Being number one means that you are the target of competition, locally and globally

  Being a global retailer means that you are exposed to political problems in the countries that you operate in

  The cost of producing many consumer products tends to have fallen because of lower manufacturing costs Manufacturing cost have fallen due to outsourcing to low-cost regions of the World This has lead to price competition, resulting in price deflation in some ranges Intense price competition is a threat

  Wal-Mart Stores, Inc is the world's largest retailer, with $2563 billion in sales in the fiscal year ending Jan 31, 2004 The company employs 16 million associates worldwide through more than 3,600 facilities in the United States and more than 1,570 units more Go to Wal-Mart Facts

  Disclaimer: This case study has been compiled from information freely available from public sources It is merely intended to be used for educational purposes only

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