Egypt
Flag of Egypt The Great Seal of the Republic
National anthem: Bilady, Bilady, Bilady
Official language Arabic
Other widely spoken languages English, French
Capital and Largest City Cairo
President Hosni Mubarak
Prime Minister Dr Ahmed Nazif
Area
- Total
- % water Ranked 29th
1,001,450 km²
06%
Population
- Total (2005)
- Density Ranked 15th
77,505,756
75/km²
Partial Independence
- Granted
-Total Independence from the UK
28 February 1922
18 June 1953
Currency Egyptian Pound (LE/£E/EGP)
Time zone
- in summer EET (UTC+2)
EEST (UTC+3)
National anthem Biladi, Biladi
Internet TLD eg
Calling Code 20
The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, (in Arabic: مصر, romanized Misr, or Masr in Egyptian dialect), kemet in Ancient Egyptian, is a republic predominantly in north-eastern Africa, together with the Sinai in southwest Asia
Covering an area of about 1,020,000 km², Egypt shares land borders with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel and the Gaza Strip to the northeast and has coasts on the north and east by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, respectively
Egypt is the second most populous country in Africa, and the vast majority of its 77 million population (2005) lives less than a kilometer away from the banks of the River Nile (about 40,000 km²), where the only arable agricultural land is found Large areas of land are part of the Sahara Desert and are sparsely inhabited The majority of Egyptians today are urban, living in the great Arab population centers of greater Cairo, the largest city in Africa, and Alexandria
Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most stunning ancient monuments, including the Giza Pyramids, the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings; the southern city of Luxor contains a particularly large number of ancient artifacts Today, Egypt is widely regarded as the main political and cultural centre of the Arab and Middle Eastern regions
Origin and history of the name
Misr, the Arabic and official name for modern Egypt, is of Semitic origin directly cognate with the Hebrew מִצְרַיִם Misráyim meaning "the two straits", and possibly means "a country" or "a state" The ancient name for the country, kemet, or "black land," is derived from the fertile black soils deposited by the Nile floods, distinct from the 'red land' (deshret) of the desert This name became keme in a later stage of Coptic The English name "Egypt" came via the Latin word Aegyptus derived from the ancient Greek word Αίγυπτος Aiguptos (see also List of traditional Greek place names), which in turn is derived from the ancient Egyptian phrase ḥwt-k3-ptḥ ("Hwt ka Ptah") meaning "home of the Ka (part of the soul) of Ptah," the name of a temple of the god Ptah at Memphis For details see the article Copt
History
Main article: History of Egypt
The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations A unified kingdom was founded circa 3200 BC by King Menes, and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia (Judaism celebrates a holiday, Passover, which is based on, according to Jewish tradition, the freeing of ancient Hebrews from servitude under one of those kings, even though there is no definite archaeological evidence for such an event) The last native dynasty, known as the Thirtieth Dynasty, fell to the Persians in 341 BC who dug the predecessor of the Suez canal and connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Later, Egypt fell to the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Persians again
It was the Muslim Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the seventh century changing Egypt into a linguistically "Arab" nation Muslim rulers nominated by the Islamic Caliphate remained in control of Egypt for the next six centuries A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern even after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517
Following the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt became an important world transportation hub; however, the country also fell heavily into debt Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914
Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II Between 1924-1936 there existed a short-lived attempt to model Egypt's constitutional government after the European style of government; known as Egypt's Liberal Experiment In 1952 a popularly-supported military coup d'état forced King Farouk I, a constitutional monarch, to abdicate in support of his son King Ahmed Fouad II Finally the Egyptian Republic was declared on 18 June 1953 with General Mohamed Naguib as the first President of the Republic After Naguib resigned in 1954, Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real architect of the 1952 Revolution, assumed power as President and nationalized the Suez Canal leading to the 1956 Suez Crisis Nasser came out of the war an Arab hero, and Nasserism won widespread influence in the region Between 1958 and 1961 Egypt and Syria formed a union known as the United Arab Republic Three years after the 1967 Six Day War, in which Egypt lost the Sinai to Israel, Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat, who presented his takeover in terms of a Corrective Revolution Sadat switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972, and launched the Infitah economic reform, while violently clamping down on religious and secular opposition alike In 1973, Egypt, along with Syria, launched a surprise attack on Israel in the October War,which despite not being a military success was by most accounts a political victory Both the United States and the USSR intervened and a cease-fire was reached between Egypt and Israel In 1979, Sadat made peace with Israel in exchange for the Sinai, a move which sparked enormous controversy in the Arab world and led to Egypt's expulsion from the Arab League (it was readmitted in 1989) Sadat was murdered by a religious fundamentalist in 1981, and succeeded by Hosni Mubarak
The Pyramids of Giza are at the heart of Egypt's thriving tourism industry[edit]
Politics
Main article: Politics of Egypt
Egypt has been a republic since 18 June 1953 President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak has been the President of the Republic since October 14, 1981, following the assassination of former President Anwar Sadat on October 6, 1981 Mubarak is currently serving his fourth term in office He is the leader of the ruling National Democratic Party Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif was sworn in as Prime Minister on 9 July 2004, following the resignation of Dr Atef Ebeid from his office
The permanent headquarters for the League of Arab States is located in Cairo Egypt was the first Arab state to establish peace with the State of Israel after the signing of the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty after the Camp David Accords Egypt also has a major influence on the other Arab states Historically, Egypt has played the role of a mediator in resolving disputes of various Arab nations Most Arab nations still use Egypt in that role
Egypt supposedly operates under a multi-party semi-presidential system where the executive power is divided between the President and the Prime Minister Egypt holds regular single-candidate presidential and multi-party parliamentary elections The last presidential election was held in September 2005, in which Mubarak won again However, after the September elections there has been expressed concern from international human rights observers concerning freedom of speech, government interference in local elections and vote-rigging
In late February 2005, Mubarak announced on a surprise television broadcast that he has ordered the reform of the country's presidential election law, paving the way for multi-candidate polls in the coming election For the first time in Egypt's history, the people will have a chance to elect their leader in a closely watched election The President said his initiative came "out of my full conviction of the need to consolidate efforts for more freedom and democracy" However, the new law places draconian restrictions on the filing of presidential candidacies designed to pave the road for Mubarak's easy re-election As a result most Egyptians are sceptical about the process of democratisation and the role of elections
[edit]
Governorates
Map of EgyptMain article: Governorates of Egypt
Egypt is divided into 26 governorates (Muhafazat; singular – Muhafazah):
Aswan
Asyut
al-Bahr al-Ahmar (Red Sea)
Bani Suwayf
al-Buhayrah
Bur Sa'id (Port Said)
ad-Daqahliyah
Dumyat (Damietta)
al-Fayyum
al-Gharbiyah
al-Iskandariyah (Alexandria)
al-Isma'iliyah
Janub Sina' (South Sinai)
al-Jizah (Giza)
Kafr ash Shaykh
Matruh
al-Minufiyah
al-Minya
al-Qahirah (Cairo)
al-Qalyubiyah
Qina
Shamal Sina' (North Sinai)
ash-Sharqiyah
Suhaj
as-Suways (Suez)
al-Wadi al-Jadid (New Valley)
Foreign relations
Main article: Foreign relations of Egypt
Alexandria is Egypt's second largest city and chief port Here is that city's state-of-the-art library
Egypt has a burgeoning youth population
The Great Sphinx of Giza, with the Pyramid of Khafre in the background
Egypt's capital Cairo is one of the largest cities in Africa and the Middle East
Most Egyptians are Sunni Muslims
Over six million Egyptians follow the Christian faith as members of the Coptic Church
Egyptian countryside, south of Cairo Every green plant is watered from the NileGeography, population, history, military strength, and diplomatic expertise give Egypt extensive political influence in the Middle East Cairo has been a crossroads of Arab commerce and culture for millennia, and its intellectual and Islamic institutions are at the center of the region's social and cultural development
The League of Arab States headquarters is in Cairo The Secretary General of the League has traditionally been an Egyptian Former Egyptian Foreign Minister Amr Moussa is the present Secretary General of the Arab League
Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister Boutros Boutros-Ghali served as Secretary General of the United Nations from 1991 to 1996
Egypt is on good terms with all of its neighbours, and was the first Arab nation to make peace with Israel It has a territorial dispute with Sudan over the Hala'ib Triangle
Economy
Main article: Economy of Egypt
Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum exports, and tourism; there are also more than 5 million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Gulf area like UAE, and Europe The United States as well has a large population of Egyptian immigrants
The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society
The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure, much financed from US foreign aid (since 1979, an average of 22 billion dollars per year) Egypt is the third largest recipient of such funds from the United States following the Iraq war Economic conditions are starting to improve considerably after a period of stagnation due to the adoption of more liberal economic policies by the government, as well as increased revenues from tourism and a booming stock market
Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Egypt
Egypt is the most populous Arab country, at about 77,500,000 people Nearly all the population is concentrated along the River Nile, notably Alexandria and Cairo, and along the Nile Delta and near the Suez Canal Approximately 90% of the population adheres to Islam and most of the remainder to Christianity (primarily the Coptic denomination)
The Egyptians are a fairly homogeneous people The historic fussion of indigenous Egyptian (Mediterranean) and invading Arab elements predominates throughout much of the country, though in the south there is some Nubian admixture of northern Sudan Many theories have been proposed on the origins of the Egyptians; however, none are conclusive, and the most widely accepted theory is that Egyptian society was the result of a mix of East African and Asiatic people who moved to the Nile Valley after the Ice Age The bulk of Modern Egyptian society still maintains a homogenous genetic tie to the ancient Egyptian society which has always been regarded as rural and most populous compared to the neighboring demographics The Egyptian people have spoken only languages from the Afro-Asiatic family (previously known as Hamito-Semitic) throughout their history starting with Old Egyptian, to modern Arabic
Ethnic minorities include a small number of Bedouin Arab nomads in the Sinai and eastern and western deserts, as well as some Nubians clustered along the Nile in Upper (southern) Egypt who are estimated for about 08% of the population
Geography
Main articles: Geography of Egypt
A great part of Egypt's landmass is desertTowns and cities include Alexandria, Aswan, Asyut, Cairo, El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Giza, Hurghada, Luxor, Kom Ombo, Port Safaga, Port Said, Sharm el Sheikh, Shubra-El-Khema, Suez, Zagazig,Al-Minya
Deserts: Egypt includes parts of the Sahara Desert and of the Libyan Desert
Oases include: Bahariya Oasis, Dakhleh Oasis, Farafra Oasis, Kharga Oasis, Siwa Oasis
Egypt borders on Libya on the west, on Sudan on the south and on Israel on the northeast It controls the Suez Canal between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
Egypt's important role in geopolitics stems from its strategic position: as a land bridge between Africa and Asia, and as a passage between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean through the Suez Canal
Culture
Main article: Culture of Egypt
Egypt's capital city, Cairo, is Africa's largest city and has been renowned for centuries as a center of learning, culture and commerce The Egyptian Academy of the Arabic Language is responsible for regulating the Arabic Language throughout the world
Egypt also hosts two major religious institutions Al-Azhar University, the oldest Islamic institution for higher studies (founded around 970 CE) with its corresponding mosque Al-Azhar The head of Al-Azhar is traditionally regarded as the supreme leader of Sunni Muslims all over the world Egypt also has a strong Christian heritage as evidenced by the existence of the Coptic Orthodox Church headed by the Patriarch of Alexandria, which has a following of approximately 50 million Christians worldwide (one of the famous Coptic Orthodox Churches is Saint Takla Haimanot Church in Alexandria http://wwwSt-Taklaorg)
Though considered a low-income country, Egypt has a thriving media and arts industry, with more than 30 satellite channels and more than 100 motion pictures produced each year To bolster its media industry, especially with the keen competition from the Persian Gulf states and Lebanon, it has built a large media city that it has promoted as the "Hollywood of the East" Egypt is the only Arab country with an opera house
专辑曲目：
CD1
01 Bounce FM - Intro 00:08
02 Kool And The Gang - Hollywood Swingin' 03:27
03 Rick James - Cold Blooded 05:56
04 The Gap Band - You Dropped A Bomb On Me 05:07
05 Cameo - Candy 05:46
06 Ronnie Hudson - West Coast Poplock 05:26
07 You're On Bounce FM - Commercial 00:11
08 Zapp - I Can Make You Dance 03:59
09 Dazz Band - Let It Whip 04:43
10 Roy Ayers - Running Away 03:10
11 Ohio Players - Funky Worm 02:40
12 Maze - Twilight 06:38
13 That Was Bounce FM - Commercial 00:12
14 Glory Hole Theme Park - Fun With Strangers 00:50
15 Eris Pump Up Shoes - Commercial 01:19
CD2
01 Playback FM - Intro 00:13
02 Public Enemy - Rebel Without A Pause 05:02
03 Brand Nubian - Brand Nubian 04:37
04 Slick Rick - Children's Story 03:58
05 You're On Playback FM - Commercial 00:06
06 Eric B And Rakim - I Know You Got Soul 04:43
07 Rob Base And DJ EZ Rock - It Takes Two 04:45
08 That Was Playback FM - Commercial 00:11
09 Kid Frost - La Raza 03:27
10 The DOC - It's Funky Enough 04:29
11 Da Lench Mob - Guerillas In Tha Mist 04:26
12 Compton's Most Wanted - Hood Took Me Under 03:39
13 Cypress Hill - How I Could Just Kill A Man 04:07
14 2 Pac - I Don't Give A [内容被过滤，请注意论坛文明] 04:19
15 Ice Diamonds - Commercial 00:48
16 Commando Pest Eradication - Commercial 01:16
CD3
01 Master Sounds 983 - Intro 00:17
02 James Brown - The Payback 07:37
03 The Chakachas - Jungle Fever 04:21
04 Lyn Collins - Think About It 03:21
05 Bobby Byrd - I Know You Got Soul 04:41
06 Charles Wright - Express Yourself 03:51
07 Maceo And The Macks - Cross The Tracks 03:16
(We Better Go Back)
08 You're On Master Sounds 983 - Commercial 00:20
09 Sir Joe Quarterman And Free Soul - 06:17
(I Got) So Much Trouble In My Mind
10 The JB's - Grunt 03:31
11 Harlem Underground Band - Smokin' Cheeba Cheeba 07:34
12 James Brown - Funky President 04:08
13 Booker T And The Mg's - Green Onions 02:52
14 That Was Master Sounds 983 - Commercial 00:16
15 Cluckin' Bell - Commercial 00:49
16 Zebra Bar - Fun To Try 00:31
CD4
01 K-Rose - Intro 00:12
02 Willie Nelson - Crazy 03:58
03 Hank Williams - Hey Good Lookin' 02:54
04 Conway Twitty And Loretta Lynn - Louisiana Woman, 02:31
Mississippi Man
05 Statler Brothers - Bed Of Roses 02:24
06 You're On K-Rose - Commercial 00:09
07 Jerry Reed - Amos Moses 02:17
08 Eddie Rabbit - I Love A Rainy Night 03:08
09 Whitey Shafer - All My Ex's Live In Texas 03:19
10 Ed Bruce - Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up To 03:21
Be Cowboys
11 Merle Haggard - Always Wanting You 03:06
12 Patsy Cline - Three Cigarettes In The Ashtray 02:14
13 That Was K-Rose - Commercial 00:07
14 Logger - Commercial 00:32
15 Starfish Resort And Casino - Commercial 01:04
CD5
01 CSR 1039 - Intro 00:10
02 Guy - Groove Me 04:30
03 Today - I Got The Feeling 03:47
04 Bobby Brown - Don't Be Cruel 06:47
05 En Vogue - My Lovin' (Never Gonna Get It) 04:41
06 Wrecks-N-Effect - New Jack Swing 03:37
07 Boyz II Men - Motownphilly 03:55
08 You're On CSR 1039 - Commercial 00:10
09 Belly Biv Devoe - Poison 04:22
10 Samuelle - So You Like What You See 04:57
11 SWV - I'm So Into You 04:37
12 Aaron Hall - Don't Be Afraid 05:18
13 Ralph Tresvant - Sensitivity 04:39
14 That Was CSR 1039 - Commercial 00:08
15 Renegade Cologne - Commercial 00:49
16 The Epsilon Program - Covet 00:43
CD6
01 K-JAH - Intro 00:11
02 Max Romeo And The Upsetters - Chase The Devil 03:25
03 Barrington Levy - Here I Come 03:43
04 Black Uhuru - Great Train Robbery 05:53
05 Blood Sisters - Ring My Bell 07:57
06 Toots And The Maytals - Funky Kingston 04:54
07 Augustus Pablo - King Tubby Meets The Rockers 02:29
Uptown
08 You're On K-JAH - Commercial 00:11
09 Pliers - Bam Bam 04:04
10 Dillinger - Cocaine In My Brain 02:45
11 Black Harmony - Don't Let It Go To Your Head 07:18
12 Reggie Stepper - Drum Pan Sound 03:24
13 The Maytals - Pressure Drop 03:42
14 That Was K-JAH - Commercial 00:11
15 Sooth Cough Medicine - Commercial 00:57
16 Wrestling On Weazel - Commercial 01:22
CD7
01 K-DST - Intro 00:07
02 Heart - Barracuda 04:21
03 Kiss - Strutter 03:10
04 Boston - Smokin' 04:20
05 Grand Funk Railroad - Some Kind Of Wonderful 03:22
06 Joe Cocker - Woman To Woman 04:27
07 Humble Pie - Get Down To It 03:24
08 You're On K-DST - Commercial 00:10
09 America - A Horse With No Name 04:08
10 The Who - Eminence Front 05:40
11 Lynyrd Skynyrd - Free Bird 09:05
12 Eddie Money - Two Tickets To Paradise 03:57
13 Rod Stewart - Young Turks 05:02
14 That Was K-DST - Commercial 00:12
15 Midlife Crisis Center - Commercial 01:11
16 San Andreas Telephone - New Father 00:21
CD8
01 Radio X - Intro 00:13
02 Soundgarden - Rusty Cage 04:26
03 Helmet - Unsung 03:56
04 Faith No More - Midlife Crisis 04:17
05 Stone Temple Pilots - Plush 05:10
06 Rage Against The Machine - Killing In The Name 05:13
07 You're On Radio X - Commercial 00:10
08 Living Colour - Cult Of Personality 04:53
09 Danzig - Mother 03:25
10 Depeche Mode - Personal Jesus 04:54
11 Jane's Addiction - Been Caught Stealing 03:31
12 L7 - Pretend We're Dead 03:53
13 That Was Radio X - Commercial 00:10
14 My Five Uncles - Commercial 00:57
15 Exsorbeo Handheld Gaming System - Commercial 00:54
原声大碟 -《侠盗猎车: 圣安地列斯-OST》(Grand Theft Auto San Andreas OST)8CD豪华版[MP3!]
http://wwwverycdcom/topics/130549/
原文: original post
评分：★★★★☆ 2005-07-28
继爱马仕在2003年首次推出「花园系列 - 地中海花园」之后，2005年，Jean-Claude Ellena (Hermes内部调香师， JCE )发布了新的香水 - 尼罗河花园，其灵感来自JCE的埃及之旅。 JCE是我最喜欢的当代调香师之一，除了他之外还有Maurice Roucel, Olivia Giacobetti, 和 Chris Sheldrake。然而，他为爱马仕调制的近几款香水，和他之前的作品相比，还是缺少了一些创造性。尼罗河花园烙上了JCE作品鲜明的特征，优美雅驯，仿佛被乳白色的光线照亮了一样，展现出了这款香水的的魅力，十分精妙。这支香水是我的「消暑必备」，陪伴着我游览乌克兰首都基辅，同时又在芝加哥炙热沉闷的七月给我带来清爽。
开篇爆发出绿意盎然的葡萄柚，伴随着松树-花香调温和地过渡到了青芒果的气息中，这种气息被微微透明、甜甜的莲花增强了效果。尽管最初的印象不过是「一盘令人愉悦的水果沙拉」，但是树脂和灰尘感却渗透到基调中的果汁里面，模糊了彼此的界限，扭曲了最初亲切怡人的感觉，最终让这只香水突破了陈词滥调的套路。尽管我无法在脑海中绘制出一幅画面 - 一条小路延伸到Nubian村庄里，JCE在路上遇到了带给他灵感的缪斯- 芒果，但是我依旧能够联想到印度芒果树上结的大只大只的芒果。当一个联想没有浮出水面的时候，许多其他的联想就会涌现出来替代它。同样需要说明的是：这是香水模糊了香水的男女性别界限，但是也没有沦为一支传统的中性香水。
评分： ★★★★★ 2006-3-20
原文: original post
爱马仕大地向我们证明了最近几年，最出色的非沙龙香（商业香水）正在占据男士香水市场。Dior Homme，温暖甜美的皮革包裹着鸢尾花香的香水，Lavin Arpege Pour Homme, 一款丝绒般的紫罗兰-鸢尾花馥奇调香水-这两款近期推出的杰出香水是两个明显的例子。同样，Jean -Claude Ellena的新香水，爱马仕大地，拥有诸多让这款香水脱颖而出的特质 - 棱角清晰，精雕细琢的结构，新颖透明的木质香感以及原材料上等的品质。这款作品让人联想到古罗马废墟中白色石头上反射出的耀眼光芒。
JCE在其他作品-从「卡地亚宣言」到「尼罗河花园」- 中探索出的「多维度透明感」的主题思路，在爱马仕大地中很快就明显地展现出来。尽管如此，在这次的作品里，这种主题更加的精细，通透和优雅。仿佛镶嵌在白色大理石中的水晶般闪亮的柑橘调逐渐引入了干燥、光彩闪亮的主旋律；这种清晰的感觉被略带植物气息的绿香和木质-香根草的清脆丝滑延展开来。
与众不同的是，Ellena没有采用传统的男士香水结构：柑橘-木质-麝香。相反，JCE避开了他们，矿石的灰尘感统一了整个结构，使光线变得断断续续，却又保留了烈日下目眩花眼的感觉。
这是我最喜欢的表现主义画家, Paul Klee说的一句话。爱马仕大地闻起来一点也不像任何自然界中可以轻易辨识的气味；但是通过它，你能窥见调香师脑海里精心编制的梦境。女士们不要因为这支香水的男士属性而望而却步，尤其是当你们偏爱JCE的香水的时候。在Vétiver Tonka中我挚爱的坚果味香根草 - 组成了大地的核心灵魂。只不过Vétiver Tonka仅仅是一篇短片故事，而大地确是一部完整的小说。
爱马仕大地香调包括：葡萄柚，橘子，燧石，巴西胡椒树浆果，天竺葵，广藿香，雪松，香根草和安息香。
古埃及是世界四大文明古国之一，也是世界上最早的王国，他们建造了闻名世界的金字塔和帝王谷。公元前3200年建立奴隶制统一国家。前525年属波斯帝国，前30年开始被罗马统治。公元640年遭阿拉伯入侵，1517年成为奥斯曼帝国行省。
1798-1801年受法国统治，1882年成为英国殖民地。1922年获得独立。1952年纳赛尔推翻法鲁克王朝，1953年成立埃及共和国。1956年宣布苏伊士运河收归国有。[1]1958年曾和叙利亚组成阿拉伯联合共和国，1971年改为现国名。
扩展资料
埃及语言
1、通用语言
"埃及阿拉伯语"是埃及常用的沟通语言，并间或用阿拉伯书写字母(Arabic script)来书写，或者大多以阿拉伯语聊天字母在新式的通信服务上使用。
2、努比安语系
在上尼罗河谷考姆翁布和阿斯旺地区，大约有300,000人为努比安语系(Nubian languages)的使用者，他们主要说努比因语(Nobiin language)，但也讲"科奴立-东格拉语"(Kenuzi-Dongola)。
3、埃及其它语言
大约有77,000人讲贝雅语(Beja language)，他们主要居住在东部的沙漠地区及红海沿岸。
—埃及
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