在英语学习中如何辨别形容词的补足语

“形容词的补足语”可以有两种解释：形容词作补语和形容词后面的补语成分。例：

形容词作补语——I found the book readable (= I found that the book was readable)

形容词后面的补语成分——I found it difficult to understand (= I found that it was difficult to understand it)

无论是形容词作补语还是形容词后面的补语成分，只要是“补语”，都会有以下两个语法特点：

补语成分一定是在被补足成分的后面；

补足和被补足的修饰关系可以用系表从句来解释，见上例。

主语：句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，或执行句子的行为或动作的主体。

①My school is not far from my house

②To do such a job needs more knowledge

谓语：对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。

①It is used by travelers and business people all over the world

②I made your birthday cake last night

宾语：一个动作（动词）的接受者。

①He didn't say anything

②They sent the injured to hospital

表语：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的成分。

①That remains a puzzle to me

②The sun is up

定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。

①In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events

②Possible solutions to the problem are formulated

状语：谓语里的另一个附加成分,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。

①In a way,any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown

②It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts

主语补足语：被动语态中的宾语补足语。

①The dog is called Karl

②The door was painted white

宾语补足语：某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。

①He proved that theory very important

②I'd prefer you to leave him alone

插入语：在一个句子中间插入的一个成分,不作句子的何种成分,也不和句子的何种成分发生结构关系,同时既不起连接作用,也不表示语气。

①One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was something

②The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids

连接词：连接短语或子句的句子成分。

①That is, they become diseased and die

②The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940's and became a flood by 1950

同位语：对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明的名词或其它形式。

①A new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented

②Most of them range in size from $5,000 to $12,500, a welcome sum to many young practitioners

系动词：本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

①Thatis air wrung dry of moisture

②There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years

形式主语：形式主语是动词不定式的一种,它也是逻辑主语, 可以把它归类到逻辑主语的第一种(不定式的逻辑主语) 用作宾语的不定式，用作目的状语，用作结果状语的不定式都是属于不定式的大概念里面的。

①It is no use reasoning with him

② It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own

形式宾语：形式宾语是动词不定式的一种,它也是逻辑宾语, 可以把它归类到逻辑宾语的第一种(不定式的逻辑宾语) 用作主语的不定式，用作目的状语，用作结果状语的不定式都是属于不定式的大概念里面的。

①I find it difficult to talk to you

②I think it intresesting to dance

间接宾语：当看到句子中有两个宾语时，其中指物或指事的就是直接宾语，指人（或动物）的就是间接宾语。（不能按宾语离动词的远近来判别）

①I teach him English

②I wrote my father a letter yesterday

连接词/标志词：连接词是连接单词、短语或子句的词语, 不能独立充当句子成分。

①Air and water are indispensable to me

②You may come if you want to

同位语是用来对名词（或代词）做进一步解释的。它可以是单词、短语或从句。同位语从句是名词从句的一种，置于某些名词之后。这些名词包括：fact,

doubt,

idea,

news,

hope,

indication,

decision,

possibility,

assumption,

suggestion,

question等。这类从句通常由that引导，有时也可用what,

why,

whether,

when等引导。

定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

充当定语的有:代词、名词、分词、形容词、介词短语或副词和从句

补足语主要有主语补足语和宾语补足语两种。

在主语(S)＋动词(V)＋宾语(O)＋补足语(C)的句型中，补足语主要表示宾语所代表的人或东

西所做的动作，或是说明宾语的状态、特性、身分等。

宾语补足语可以由形容词、名词、动词不定式，现在分词和过去分词等担任。

We

must

keep

the

room

clean

我们必须把房间保持干净。

We

consider

that

a

downright

lie

我们认为这是十足的谎言。

What

makes

you

think

so

甚么使你这样想的

She

could

feel

her

heart

beating

violently

她可以感觉出自己的心跳得厉害。

Please

have

your

blood

tested

in

the

next

room

请在隔壁房间验血。

动词不定式作宾语补足语时有两种情况：带to的和不带to的，这取决于要求不定式作宾语补

足语的动词。要求带to的动词主要有help,enable,

ask,

like,

teach,

tell和want等；不

要求带to的动词有hear,

have,

help,

let,

make,

see,

watch等。在help后的动词不定式

，to可有可无。

现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语是现在分词所表示的动作的发出者。过去分词作宾语补语时

，宾语是过去分词所表示的行为的对象。

当SVOC句型变为被动句时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语