1、尽量避免不必要的手与脸的接触,以免造成细菌滋生产生青春痘。
2、勤洗接触脸部物品,如被子、枕巾、毛巾等等,洗净后让它们晒晒太阳杀杀菌。
3、零食、甜食要尽量少吃,糖份和碳水化合物摄入过多也容易造成青春痘的形成哦。
4、减少熬夜的次数,肌肤新陈代谢的黄金时期是晚间11点……2点,就要好好休息啦。
5、保持每天排便的好习惯,将积存在体内的毒素废物排清,青春痘不易现形。
6、将遮盖前额的刘海剪去换个发型吧,让额头的肌肤更干爽
(1)保持精神的稳定:精神焦虑、不安时,脸上最容易长出青春痘。能够随时保持愉快、平稳的心境,青春痘自然而然地会随之消失。
(2)避免多余的营养:尽量多吃水果,避免饮用咖啡或巧克力等刺激性的食物。
(3)充分的休息:身体疲劳是美容的大敌。过分劳累不仅易长出青春痘,而且容易引起其他病症,这是不可掉以轻心的。要知道,充足的睡眠远胜过一切保养与药物治疗。
来源:lifepick
1早晚洗脸时,用盐轻轻按摩脸部,再用水冲净,不仅可去除青春痘亦可消除绉纹
2用马铃薯,磨成泥用来洗脸,一阵子就好了
3治疗痘子到超市买决明子,在每天晚餐后泡来喝隔日痘子消失,小腹平平,体重也减轻喽!
4在痘痘涂上少许茶油精
5准备牙膏 3~4公分,蛋白 2小匙,香精油 2滴(香精油不能是纯的)。先将全部的材料加在一起搅拌,然后涂抹在痘痘上。
去除青春痘
柠檬汁蛋清
将柠檬挤出的汁混入一个蛋清内,打匀,涂在面部,半小时后就形成了面膜,再过30分钟后用清水洗掉即可。我使用两个星期,毛孔真的变小了,小痘痘也不见了,皮肤开始变得白而嫩。
利用芦荟清热解毒的特有作用,治疗青春痘非常有效。治疗时可将芦荟鲜叶涂在患处,使能软化皮肤,消炎止痛,不留痕迹。如青春痘发得比较严重,可以内服芦荟叶汁,早晚各1次,每次10毫升。坚持一段时间,可收到令人满意的效果。
在一些美容院中,用芦荟叶1片,小黄瓜1根,捣烂后加入优质蜂蜜1匙,调和后涂抹于长青春痘的地方,一日数次,几天以后青春痘就消失了。这种方法简单有效,也可在家庭中推广使用。芦荟具有清热消炎作用,小黄瓜中含有脂肪酶等活性酶,能有效溶化青春痘中的油脂粒,而优质蜂蜜则有滋润和营养皮肤细胞的作用,所以结合芦荟、小黄瓜和蜂蜜三者在一起使用,就可收到显著的治疗青春痘的效果了。这种治疗方法已为千万人应用和验证,效果确实不错。
绿豆粉面膜
绿豆有清热解毒的功效,治疗青春痘效果显著。
材料:绿豆粉(1包)。
做法:敷脸前先搽些化妆水,再将面巾纸铺在脸上(要挖可以呼吸的洞洞),再涂上绿豆粉,干后一撕就下来了。
注意:要选择研磨细致的绿豆粉粒,脆弱的皮肤才不会因为粒子太粗而造成伤害。
西瓜面膜
西瓜可去油脂,改善皮肤出油状况。
材料:吃剩的西瓜(几片)。
做法:把西瓜的果肉剔除,露出青色的果皮,敷在脸上5-10分钟再洗干净。
注意: 敷完脸后记得洗干净脸皮上西瓜留下的甜味,否则可能会吸引小蚂蚁来野餐。
薄荷蛋白面膜
可改善油脂分泌,增加皮肤弹性。 材料:生蛋白(一个),薄荷(一茶匙),脱脂奶粉(一汤匙),搅拌器具(汤匙、碗)。
做法:把蛋白、薄荷与脱脂奶粉混合后涂在脸上约15分钟,再用温水洗干净。
注意:敷脸的时间不要太长,否则脸会感觉紧绷且干干的
“制”痘不可心急,愉快的心情也是治痘的关键,介绍些大家的“战痘”经验给你……祝你“制”痘成功!!!
石蒜 学名:Lycoris radiata (l'aher) herb
英名:Shorttube Lycoris
别名:蟑螂花、龙爪花、红花石蒜、老鸦蒜、乌蒜、银锁匙、毒蒜、彼岸花
科名:石蒜科
分类:单子叶植物纲(Monocotyledoneae) 百合目(Liliales) 石蒜科(Amarylllidaceae) 石蒜属。
[编辑本段]中草药
别名乌蒜、老鸦蒜、蒜头草、龙爪花、蟑螂花、野蒜、一枝箭[江西]、避蛇生[湖北]
来源为石蒜科石蒜属植物石蒜Lycoris radiata (L Herit) Herb的鳞茎。秋季挖出鳞茎,选大者洗净晒干入药,小者做种。野生品四季均可采挖,鲜用或洗净晒干备用。
性味归经苦、辛、甘,温。有毒。
功能主治解毒、催吐、消肿,杀虫。外用治淋巴结结核,疔疮疖肿,风湿关节痛,蛇咬伤,水肿,灭蛆、灭鼠。
用法用量外用适量,捣烂敷患处。
注意石蒜碱有强力催吐作用,故有用石蒜治食物中毒者,催吐用3~5钱。除此之外,一般不作内服。
备注(1)石蒜碱接触皮肤后即红肿发痒,进入呼吸道会引起鼻出血,操作时应注意。如内服中毒,症状为:流涎,呕吐,下泻,舌硬直,惊厥,手脚发冷,脉弱,休克,甚至呼吸中枢麻痹而死亡。急救方法:早期可洗胃,用浓茶或1~2%鞣酸,高锰酸钾亦可;导泻,饮稀醋酸、糖水及淡盐水或静脉滴注葡萄糖盐水。对症治疗:有痉挛用解痉剂;休克嗅氨水,保温,针刺“人中”、“合谷”穴位及注射苯甲酸钠咖啡因或尼可刹米。该物种为中国植物图谱数据库收录的有毒植物,其毒性为全株有毒,花毒性较大,其次是鳞茎。食鳞茎后常引起恶心、呕吐、头晕、水泻,泻出物混杂有白色腥臭粘液,舌硬直、心动过缓、手足发冷、烦躁、惊厥、血压下降、虚脱,多死于呼吸麻痹。花食入后常发生语言障碍,严重者死亡[A-2,3,15]。鳞茎含粗淀粉约20%,用水反复洗涤可除去淀粉中的有毒生物碱。
摘录《全国中草药汇编》
化学成分含石蒜碱(lycorine)、伪石蒜碱、水仙碱、加兰他敏(galanthamine)、石蒜胺碱(lycora-mine)等。根皮含乙酰苯三甲醚。
属中文名:芦荟属 (Aloe)
种中文名:芦荟 (Aloe vera (Linn) N L Burman var chinensis (Haw) Berg)
别 名:卢会、讷会、象胆、奴会、劳伟
汉语拼音:lu hui
英 文 名:Aloes
拉丁植物动物矿物名:1Aloe vera L
2Aloe vera L var chinensis (Haw) Berg[A barbadensis Mill Var chinensis Haw;Achinensis(Haw)Bak]
3Aloe ferox Mill
药用)芦荟的分类
可食用的品种只有六种,而当中具有药有价值的芦荟品种主要有:
洋芦荟 (又名巴巴多斯芦荟)
库拉索芦荟草(分布于非洲北部、西印度群岛),
好望角芦荟草(分布于非洲南部),
元江芦荟等。
芦荟保健美容注意
内服芦荟鲜叶应注意的事项:
注意芦荟鲜叶、芦荟干叶和芦荟干块区别 新鲜芦荟叶不仅具有芦荟干块的各种功能,而且药性较芦荟干块更温和,特别是新鲜芦荟所含超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多聚糖能提高人体生理机能,促进人体健康,改善免疫,是芦荟干块所不及的。芦荟干叶在加工过程中,也会使一些有效成分损失和破坏,所以其作用也不如新鲜芦荟叶片全面。
②食用芦荟新鲜叶片需要注意对象适宜性
对于体质虚弱或者脾胃虚寒者应谨慎服用。对于吃了芦荟鲜叶后就呕吐,或引起剧烈腹痛和伴有腹泻者也应禁止食用。芦荟是一种清热解毒峻下之药,对强体质(即实证型)比较适宜,而对弱体质(即虚证型),效果可能就不理想,只有了解适应性后,才能更好地发挥作用。
③服用芦荟新鲜叶片要适量
成年女性,每天可服用长3厘米、宽4厘米的芦荟叶肉1块。强壮男性,可适当增加(一般可加10%~20%)。小孩和老人,则应酌情减少。妊娠和经期的妇女应避免服用芦荟。
④切忌把龙舌兰误作芦荟
龙舌兰和芦荟植物形态相似,龙舌兰是有毒的,所以切不要误食。芦荟品种除了少数几种如木立芦荟、上农大叶芦荟可以食用鲜叶外,大多数品种只是观赏植物,有些芦荟品种还是有毒的,误食后可能引起中毒甚至危及生命安全。
外用芦荟鲜叶应注意的事项:
一般芦荟鲜叶的外用都比较安全,方法也简单易行。
适宜外用的芦荟品种较多,如上农大叶芦荟、中国芦荟、木立芦荟、皂质芦荟都可以取叶应用,其中以上农大叶芦荟最为适用。
但值得注意的是,芦荟鲜叶汁内含有一定量的草酸钙和多种植物蛋白质。有一些患者,皮肤特别敏感,在外用新鲜芦荟叶搽抹后,皮肤有痒的感觉或发出红色小疹斑点,一般不会太严重,半天时间就可褪去。遇到皮肤过敏者,可以将芦荟鲜叶汁用冷开水稀释后应用,过敏严重者应立即停止使用。发现小疹斑点或有痒的感觉,可用温水冲洗,千万不要用手指去抓,以免抓破皮肤,造成新的感染
库拉索芦荟
又称蕃拉芦荟,蕃拉为其种名的音译,又称美国芦荟。须根系,茎干短,叶簇生在茎顶。叶呈螺旋状排列,厚肥汁浓。叶长30—70厘米,宽4—15厘米,厚2—5厘米,先端渐尖,基部宽阔;叶子呈粉绿色,布有白色斑点,随叶片的生长斑点逐渐消失,叶子四周长菜刺状小齿。其花茎单生,长有两三个高60—120厘米的分枝。总状花序散疏,花点垂下。
特征:它能应用在食品、药品、美容品等方面。主要是提取芦荟原汁、浓缩汁、结晶粉,部分亦作家庭盆栽观赏用。
[编辑本段]芦荟的药用功效
1《中华人民共和国药典》(2000年版一部)如是说性味与归经:苦,寒。归肝、胃、大肠经。功能与主治:清肝热,通便。用于便秘,小儿疳积,惊风;外治湿癣。 2《本草纲目》如是说性味:苦,寒,无毒。主治:热风烦闷,胸隔间热气,明目镇心,小儿癫痫惊风,疗五疳,杀三虫及痔病疮瘘,解巴豆毒。 3《中华本草》如是说集中草药之大成的《中华本草》将芦荟的保健功能概括为:⑴泄下,即润肠通便;⑵调节人体免疫力;⑶抗肿廇;⑷保护肝脏;⑸抗胃损伤;⑹抗菌;⑺修复组织损伤;⑻对皮肤的保护作用。
至于轻度的撞伤、挫伤、香港脚、冻伤、皮肤龟裂、疣子等,都可以使用芦荟来治疗,效果不错。现代研究显示,其叶含芦荟大黄素、异芦荟大黄素及芦荟苦味素等,药理实验有泻下、抗癌作用。芦荟花性寒,味苦涩,有清热、止咳、止血功效,可治疗咳嗽、吐血。
芦荟的药理作用
1 、杀菌作用:芦荟酊(Aloetin).是抗菌性很强的物质,能杀灭真菌、霉菌、细菌、病毒等病菌,抑制和消灭病原体的发育繁殖,芦荟抗菌杀菌的病菌类有:白喉菌、破伤风菌、肺炎菌、乳酸菌、痢疾菌、大肠菌、黑死病菌、霍乱菌以及引发中耳炎、膀胱炎、化脓症、麻疹、狂犬病、小儿麻痹、流行性脑炎等疾病的病菌。
2、抗炎作用:芦荟的缓基态酶与血管紧张来联合可抵抗炎症。尤其是芦荟的多糖类可增强人体对疾病的抵抗力,治愈皮肤炎、慢性肾炎、膀胱炎、支气管炎等慢性病症。
3、湿润美容作用:芦荟多糖和维生素对人体的皮肤有良好的营养、滋润、增白作用。尤其是青春少女最烦恼的粉刺,芦荟对消除粉刺有很好的效果。 芦荟大黄素等属蒽醌甙物质,这类物质能使头发柔软而有光泽、轻松舒爽,且具有去头屑的作用。因此,芦荟美容霜、芦荟护肤霜、芦荟染发膏等芦荟化妆品占了欧洲化妆品市场的80%。
4、健胃下泄作用:芦荟中的芦荟大黄素甙(aloin)、芦荟大黄素(emodin)等有效成分起着增进食欲、大肠缓泄作用。服用芦荟,能强化胃功能,增强体质,体质衰弱而失去食欲的病危患者,服用芦荟也能恢复食欲。健康的人,长期服用芦荟和坚持芦荟浴,不仅可以防治各种疾病,而且还能改善体质,增强体力,保持精力旺盛。 健康人体液呈弱碱性,过度劳累或生活紧张等原因会使体液变成酸性,易感染病毒,常用库拉索芦荟会使体液保持碱性,维持健康、不患感冒。 芦荟是古今中外治疗便秘最有效的药物,即使非常严重的便秘,服用芦荟之后,也能在8-12小时内通便,是因为芦荟素成分增加大肠液的分泌,增加脂肪酶的活性,恢复失调的大肠自律神经功能的缘故,并且,不会有任何副作用或药物依赖性。
5、强心活血作用:芦荟中的异柠檬酸钙等具有强心、促进血液循环、软化硬化动脉、降低胆固醇含量、扩张毛细血管的作用,使血液循环畅通,减少胆固醇值,减轻心脏负担,使血压保持正常,清除血液中的“毒素”。
6、免疫和再生作用:芦荟素A、创伤激素和聚糖肽甘露(Ke-2)等具有抗病毒感染,促进伤口愈合复原的作用,有消炎杀菌、吸热消肿、软化皮肤、保持细胞活力的功能,凝胶多糖与愈伤酸联合还具有愈合创伤活性,因此,它是一种治疗外伤(出血性外伤、不出血性外伤)不留伤痕的理想药品。
7、免疫与抗肿瘤作用:芦荟中的粘稠物质多糖类(乙酰化葡甘聚糖、甘露聚糖、乙酰化甘露聚糖、aloe mannan、alocutin、alomicin等)具有提高免疫力和抑制、破坏异常细胞的生长的作用,从而达到抗癌目的。日本芦荟研究专家添田百枝博士在《关于芦荟的抗癌性研究》(1966年发表)的论文中指出:芦荟中aloe mannan、alocutin、alomicin等成分能阻止癌细胞活动。日本芦荟研究专家铃木郁南博士《芦荟素—A之抗肿瘤活动》的论文中提出了动物实验的卓越疗效。芦荟中的高分子物质——“芦荟抗原”对于红血球具有凝聚性质,含有能与细胞膜起反应的物质;芦荟抗癌素—A具有强烈的生理活性,经动物实验确认它具有抗癌作用,能提高人体的抗癌免疫能力,增加NK—细胞,杀死生物内异常细胞一癌细胞等功效。 用芦荟治疗癌症的另一种理论是“自身治愈力”芦荟具有增强人体的自身治愈力,这个事实已被得到证明。
8、解毒作用:芦荟本身无毒无害无副作用,不会产生抗体。芦荟中的aloetin alomicin等成分具有分解生物体内有害物质的作用,还能消除生物体外部侵入的毒素。 放射线或核放射能治疗癌症过程中会引起的烧伤性皮肤溃疡,有芦荟治疗不仅有解毒、消炎、再生新细胞的作用,还能增加因放射治疗而减少的白血球。
9、抗衰老作用:芦荟中的粘液(mucin,就是蛋白质),是以arboran A B\aloe mannan\aloetin等多糖类为核心成分,粘液类物质是防止细胞老化和治疗慢性过敏的重要成分。 粘液素存在于人体的肌肉和胃肠粘膜等处,让组织富有弹性,如果液素不足,肌肉和粘膜就会丧失了弹性而僵硬老化。构成人体的细胞,如果粘液素不足,细胞就会逐渐衰弱,失去防御病菌、病毒的能力。另外,粘液素还有壮身、强精作用。
10、镇痛、镇静作用:手指肿痛、牙痛而难以忍受时,在患部贴上芦荟生叶,能消除疼痛,神经痛、痛风、筋肉痛等,内服加外用芦荟,也有镇痛效果。芦荟还能预防和治疗宿醉、晕车、晕船等。
11、防晒作用:芦荟中的天然蒽醌甙或蒽的衍生物,能吸收紫外线,防止皮肤红、褐斑产生。
12、防虫、防腐作用:芦荟汁液具有很好的消毒、防腐作用。 夏天皮肤上涂上芦荟汁,蚊子不咬。哥伦比亚人常给小孩脚上抹上芦荟汁,以防止虫害。 芦荟汁喷洒门窗和室内,苍蝇不入,傣族人就是用芦荟汁防止苍蝇进室内的。
13、防臭作用:芦荟具有防止脚、口、腋等体臭的作用。很早以前,人们就用芦荟来消除体臭。非洲刚果人打猎时,在身上抹上芦荟汁,以免被动物闻到体臭。芦荟的奇特功效引起了科学界,特别是医学界的广泛重视,尤其是以美国为代表的西方发达国家,投入了大量的人力、物力、财力研究开发应用芦荟,因而形成了一股“芦荟热”,芦荟发展非常迅速,开发成果利用显著,经济效益巨大,其研究成果不仅用于医疗、美容、食品保健,而且还应用于染料、冶金、纺织、农药、畜牧等领域中,从此芦荟身价百倍。
中国芦荟
又称斑纹芦荟,是库拉索芦荟的变种。中国芦荟茎短,叶近簇生,幼苗叶成两列,叶面叶背都有白色斑点。叶子长成后,白斑不褪。叶子长约35厘米,宽5—6厘米,植株形似翠叶芦荟。闽南的中国芦荟植株个体明显比翠叶芦荟小。 产地:福建、广东、广西、云 南、四川、台湾等省。还有在云南元江地区、海南和雷州岛。 特征:具有药用和美容价值,嫩叶可做芦荟拉原料食用。
上农大叶芦荟 是上海农学院植物科学系植物跗育种研究室从库拉索芦荟中培育出的变异品种。上农大叶芦荟的叶片被有白色蜡粉,叶色翠嫩,叶片最大可达85厘米、宽12厘米,叶肉洁白丰厚无苦味,生长速度快,宜于保护,开发利用价值很大。但在盆载条件下分蘖能力弱小,主枝不分枝。
木立芦荟 又名小木芦荟。 它很早就被视为民间药草而广受欢迎的芦荟就是指这种木立芦荟。 产地:产地在南非。 在医学上,木立芦荟已经被检验出具有很多有效成份,是一种公认最有效的品种。在药用方面,叶子除了可以生吃、打果汁外,还可以加工成健康食品或化妆品等。由于容易处理,它也适合作食用的家庭菜。 特征:可用在医学上,也可用在美容上。 开普芦荟 又称好望角芦荟,这是一个大型品种群,高度达6米,茎杆木质化,叶30—50片,簇生茎顶,叶子大而坚硬,带有尖刺,叶深绿色至蓝绿色,被白粉。无侧枝、兹药与兹柱外露,用种子繁殖。开普芦荟是中药新芦荟干块的原料,是一种传统的药用植物,各国药典都有载列。 产地:主产于南非普州。 特征:可用有医学上。
皂质芦荟 须根系,无茎,叶簇生于基部,呈螺旋状排列,叶呈半直立或平行状。其叶汁如肥皂水,十分滑腻。皂质芦荟变种较多,如广叶皂质芦荟,叶上有白色条斑、纹理清楚,叶片宽大,具有较高手观赏价值。皂质芦荟叶片薄,新鲜叶汁有护肤作用。但所含黏性叶汁不如库拉索芦荟丰富。多用于观赏,沿无大面积的产业化栽培。 特征:既作药用,又可用美容。 芦荟的成分 一、稳定化芦荟凝胶成份 木质素、芦荟酸、皂素、蒽醌、芦荟素、肉桂酸醌、芦荟苷大、芦荟大黄素、异芦荟苷、大黄素、蒽、酚、大黄根酸、 蒽Resistannol 二、维生素 维生素B1、叶酸 、维生素B2、维生素C③烟酰胺、维生素E、维生素B6、 维生素A胆碱、(B-胡萝卜素) 三、无机元素 Ca 四、单糖和粘多糖 纤维素、aoldonentose、葡萄糖、L-鼠李糖、苷露糖、术糖 五、酶 氧化酶、脂酶、淀粉酶、Aliinase、过氧化氢酶 六、必需氨基酸 赖氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸
[编辑本段]芦荟的使用方法以及注意事项
一、使用方法
1、内服法 最简单、最快获得药效的方法就是直接生吃新鲜叶片。也可以把生的新鲜叶片制成薄片、糖醋渍品、液汁或油炒后食用。生嚼芦荟叶肉,能够起到较好的调理和保健作用。每次生叶食量以15克为宜。生嚼芦荟叶片不适应者,可采取服用新鲜叶汁的方法。成人每次一匙,每天2-3次,小孩和老人用量可适当减少。用干燥的叶片泡制茶或酒、制成粉末或颗粒状药剂、制成液汁等都是内服的有效方法。
2、外用法 芦荟的叶片中含有丰富的粘胶液体。这种液体具有防溃疡、促进伤口愈合、刺激细胞生长和止血作用。外用时直接用新鲜叶片涂抹,或使用芦荟制成的外用药酒。外用方法都比较安全,应注意选择成熟度高的芦荟叶片,这样疗效会更好。 二、注意事项 使用芦荟治病,首先鉴别是否是药用芦荟品种,切忌把龙舌兰、雷神或仅有观赏价值的芦荟品种用来防病、治病。应该选择芭用芦荟品种,注意其特点、用法并根据病因,做到对症下药。正确使用芦荟,方能取得最佳效果。切忌过量服用或急于求成。 正确区别中药芦荟(干块)和新鲜芦荟在使用方法上的不同,特别是一些炎症,新鲜芦荟汁液,要比中药芦荟效果明显得多。 体质虚弱的少儿患者,不要过量服用芦荟,过敏者会出现皮肤红肿、粗糙的现象。 孕妇和经期中的女性严禁服用芦荟。在古代芦荟是作妇科药剂的,用于治疗闭经之类症状。因为芦荟能使女性骨盆内脏器充血,促进子宫的运动。故而孕妇或经期妇女服用容易引起腹痛,导致流血严重出血。 病人如有痔出血、鼻出血,也不应使用芦荟。
3,食用芦荟时应当先做皮试,如果没有异常现象,方能使用。因为有些人的体质对芦荟有过敏现象,如出现红肿、剌痛、起疙瘩、腹痛等,严重的腹部还会有灼热感。初次内服,若出现恶心、呕吐或下泻等症状,有的是暂时现象。如果这种情况出现次数较为频繁,则应暂停用药、减量服用或加热服用。过敏者如想食用,可少量外用或内服,等身体适应后再慢慢增量。
来源
药材基源:为百合科植物库拉索芦荟、斑纹芦荟、好望角芦荟的叶汁经浓缩的干燥品。
拉丁植物动物矿物名:1Aloe vera L2Aloe vera L var chinensis (Haw) Berg[A barbadensis Mill Var chinensis Haw;Achinensis(Haw)Bak]3Aloe ferox Mill
原形态
1库拉索芦荟,多年生草本。茎极短。叶簇生于茎顶,直立或近于直立,肥厚多汁;呈狭披针形,长15-36cm,宽2-6cm,先端长渐尖,基部宽阔,粉绿色,边缘有刺状小齿。花茎单生或稍分枝,高60-90cm;总状花序疏散;花点垂,长约25cm,**或有赤色斑点;花被管状,6裂,裂片稍外弯;雄蕊6,花药丁字着生;雌蕊1,3室,每室有多数胚珠。蒴果,三角形,室背开裂。花期2-3月。
2斑纹芦荟,多年生草本。根系段状。茎短或无茎。叶簇生,螺旋状排列,直立,肥厚;叶片狭披针形,长10-20cm,宽15-25cm,厚5-8mm,先端渐尖,基部阔而包茎,边缘有刺状小齿,下有斑纹。花茎单生或分枝,高60-90cm;总状花序疏散;花梗长约25cm;花**或有紫色斑点,具膜质苞片;花被筒状,6裂,裂片稍向外弯;雄蕊6,有时突出,花药2室,背部着生;子房上位,3室,花柱线形。蒴果三角形,长约8mm。花期7-8月。
3好望角芦荟,茎直立,高3-6m,叶30-50片,簇生于茎顶;叶片披针形,长达60-80cm,宽12cm,具刺,深绿色至蓝绿色,被白粉。圆锥状花序长60cm左右;花梗长约3cm;花被6,呈管状,基部连合,上部分离,微外卷,淡红色至黄绿色,带绿色条纹;雄蕊6,花药与花柱外露。蒴果。
鉴别
⑴取粉末1g,置三角烧瓶中,加蒸馏水25ml,放置2h,时时振摇,滤过,滤液稀释至100ml,溶液显黄绿色。(检查芦荟甙)⑵取本品水溶液(1→100)5ml,加硼砂025g,加热溶解,取深夜数滴,加水30ml,振摇混合,溶液呈绿色荧光,紫外灯下呈亮**。(检查芦荟甙)⑶取水溶液(1→100)2ml,加等量饱和溴水,即有**深淀。(检查芦荟甙)⑷取水溶液(1→100)10ml,加苯10ml,振摇后分取苯液,加氨试液2ml,氨液层显红色。(检查芦荟大黄素)。
⑸薄层色谱取本品粉末05g,加甲醇20ml,置水浴加热到沸,振摇数分钟,滤过,滤液作供试液;另取芦荟甙加甲醇制成每1ml含5mg的溶液,作对照品溶液,分别点样于同一硅胶G薄板上,以醋酸乙酯-甲醇-水(100:17:13)展开,取出晾干,喷以10%氢氧化钾醇溶液,置紫色光灯(365nm)下检视,供试液色谱在与对照品色谱相应的位置上,显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
炮制
1净制:拣去杂质,斫成小块。
2炒制:取芦荟块用微火炒至焦黑色。
性味味苦;性寒
归经肝;大肠经
功能主治泻下;清肝;杀虫。主热结便秘;肝火头痛;目赤惊风;虫积腹痛;疥癣;痔瘘;解巴豆毒
用法用量内服:入丸、散,或研末入胶囊,06-15g;不入汤剂。外用:适量,研末敷。
注意
1孕妇忌服。
2《本草经疏》:凡儿脾胃虚寒作泻及不思食者禁用。
Any of various chiefly African plants of the genus Aloe, having rosettes of succulent, often spiny-margined leaves and long stalks bearing yellow, orange, or red tubular flowers
芦荟:一种主要产于的非洲芦荟 属植物,有肉质多浆的莲座丛,通常叶的边缘带刺并有黄、桔黄或红色管形花的长茎
Aloe is a genus of succulent, flowering plants in the family Asphodelaceae, which contains about 400 different species They are native to the drier parts of Africa, especially South Africa's Cape Province and the mountains of tropical Africa
Members of the closely allied genera Gasteria and Haworthia, which have a similar mode of growth, are also sometimes popularly known as aloes Note that the plant sometimes called "American aloe", Agave americana, belongs to a different family, namely Agavaceae
Aloe plants are stiff and rugged, consisting mainly of a rosette of large, thick, fleshy leaves Many common varieties of Aloe are seemingly stemless, with the rosette growing directly at ground level; Other varieties may have a branched or un-branched stem from which the fleshy leaves spring The leaves are generally lance-shaped with a sharp apex and a spiny margin They vary in color from grey to bright green and are sometimes striped or mottled
Aloe flowers are small, tubular, and yellow or red and are borne on densely clustered, simple or branched leafless stems The plants are cultivated as ornamental plants, especially in public buildings and gardens
The aloe vera, in particular, is said to have medicinal properties The plant may grow to a height of four feet The aloe, a clear thick gel-like substance flows from the inside of cut leaves The leaves also produce a bitter yellow juice which, when dried, becomes aloe latex
Uses
Human use of Aloes are primarily as a herbal remedy in alternative medicines and "home first aid" Both the translucent inner pulp as well as the resinous yellow exudate (gel) from wounding the Aloe plant is used externally to relieve skin discomforts and internally as a laxative To date, research has shown in certain cases that Aloes produce positive medicinal benefits for healing damaged skin, however there is still much debate regarding the effectiveness and safety for using Aloes medicinally in other manners
Some Aloes have been used for human consumption For example drinks made from or containing chunks of aloe pulp are popular in Asia as commercial beverages, and as a tea additive This is notably true in Korea The gel was once used on children's fingers to stop nail-biting
External uses
Leaf close up[citation needed] [Note: much of the material in this section is derived from sources with a financial interest in selling products, and few properly conducted clinical trials are cited This does not necessarily invalidate the claims made]
For medicinal purposes, aloe vera is most commonly used externally to treat various skin conditions, and burns Not only does it soothe the skin, ease pain and reduce inflammation, studies have been done to show that using aloe as a topical treatment to burns will help speed up the healing recovery process A study performed in the 1990s showed that the healing of a moderate severe burn was sped up by six days when covering the wound on a regular basis with aloe vera gel, compared to the healing of the wound covered in a gauze bandage (Farrar, 2005) Aloe vera helps burns of various degrees, including sunburn When the gel is rubbed over over-exposed skin, the redness will disappear within a couple of days, and it helps to preserve moisture so that the skin will not become dry and peel A cut leaf from an aloe vera plant can be rubbed over the skin, as it exudes gel; the gel can also be bought in drugstores
Aloe vera can also be used to treat minor cuts and scrapes Rubbing a cut leaf over a cut will help prevent infection and will speed up the healing response from the body The aloe vera acts as a sealant and pulls the skin back together like a bandage or a suture (http://wwwnewstargetcom/001560-02html) Although aloe should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment, its many uses are beneficial and should be considered for anything such as an everyday moisturizer to a first-aid antiseptic In addition to the above-mentioned benefits, continuous research is being done to learn how else the aloe vera plant can play an important part in human lives
Many cosmetic companies are now adding this plant to every product possible including makeup, soaps, sunscreens, shampoos and lotions, as well as any product that is created to soothe, protect and moisturize the skin This is due partially to the fact that Aloe extract is full of vitamins, nutrients and minerals, as well as, the perception of the general public of Aloe as a healing ingredient The International Aloe Science Council advises choosing products that contain between twenty-five and forty percent aloe in them to receive the ultimate aloe vera benefits to the skin (http://wwwiascorg/aloehtml)
Aloe gel is also useful for any dry skin condition, especially eczema around the eyes and sensitive facial skin, and for treating fungal infections such as ringworm In Ayurvedic medicine, the gel is usually applied fresh and can even be converted into an ointment for long-term use
Internal uses
Aloe contains a number of medicinal substances used as a purgative The medicinal substance is produced from various species of aloe, such as A vera, A vulgaris, A socotrina, A chinensis, and A perryi Several kinds of aloes are commercially available: Barbadoes, Socotrine, Hepatic, Indian, and Cape aloes Barbadoes and Socotrine are the varieties most commonly used for curative purposes
Aloes is the expressed juice of the leaves of the plant When the leaves are cut, the juice that flows out is collected and evaporated After the juice has been removed, the leaves are sometimes boiled, to yield an inferior kind of aloes The juice of the leaves of certain species, eg Aloe venenosa, is poisonous
There have been very few properly conducted studies about possible benefits of aloe gel taken internally One study found improved wound healing in mice, Another found a positive effect of lowering risk factors in patients with heart disease Some research has shown decreasing fasting blood sugar in diabetic animals given aloe[1] None of these studies can be considered to be definitive, and there are many false advertising claims for aloe
Aloe has been marketed as a remedy for coughs, wounds, ulcers, gastritis, diabetes, cancer, headaches, arthritis, immune-system deficiencies, and many other conditions when taken internally However, these uses are unsubstantiated; the only substantiated internal use is as a laxative Furthermore, there is evidence of significant adverse side effects (see for example this paper) Genotoxicity studies show that aloe-containing laxatives pose cancer risk to humans when used as directed[2] Consult your doctor when contemplating taking Aloe internally Avoid use during pregnancy because the anthraquinone glycosides are strongly purgative High doses of the leaves can cause vomiting
On 9 May 2002 the US Food and Drug Administration issued a final rule banning the use of aloe and cascara sagrada as laxative ingredients in over-the-counter drug products[3]
Compounds in Aloes
Aloe vera contains over seventy-five nutrients and twenty minerals, nineteen amino acids including all eight essential amino acids and eleven secondary amino acids as well and twelve vitamins These vitamins include: A, B1, B6, B12, C and E (http://curezonecom/foods/aloeverahtml) It has even been referred to as “a pharmacy in a plant” (Farrar, 2005)
Aloes also contain anthraquinone gycosides, resins, polysaccharides, sterols, gelonins, and chromones It is also a source of a class of chemicals called Aloins
Chemical properties of Aloin
Aloins are soluble and easily extracted by water Aloes is the expressed juice of the leaves of the plant When the leaves are cut, the juice that flows out is collected and evaporated After the juice has been removed, the leaves are sometimes boiled, to yield an inferior kind of aloes According to W A Shenstone, two classes of Aloins are to be recognized: (1) nataloins, which yield picric and oxalic acids with nitric acid, and do not give a red coloration with nitric acid; and (2) barbaloins, which yield aloetic acid (C7H2N3O5), chrysammic acid (C7H2N2O6), picric and oxalic acids with nitric acid, being reddened by the acid This second group may be divided into a-barbaloins, obtained from Barbadoes aloes, and reddened in the cold, and b-barbaloins, obtained from Socotrine and Zanzibar aloes, reddened by ordinary nitric acid only when warmed or by fuming acid in the cold Nataloin (2C17H13O7·H2O) forms bright yellow scales Barbaloin (C17H18O7) forms yellow prismatic crystals Aloes also contain a trace of volatile oil, to which its odour is due
Medicinal use of Aloin
The dose is 130-320 mg, that of aloin being 30-130 mg Aloes can be absorbed from a broken surface and will then cause purging When given internally it increases the actual amount as well as the rate of flow of the bile It hardly affects the small intestine, but markedly stimulates the muscular coat of the large intestine, causing purging in about fifteen hours There is hardly any increase in the intestinal secretion, the drug being emphatically not a hydragogue cathartic There is no doubt that its habitual use may be a factor in the formation of haemorrhoids; as in the case of all drugs that act powerfully on the lower part of the intestine, without simultaneously lowering the venous pressure by causing increase of secretion from the bowel Aloes also tends to increase the menstrual flow and therefore belongs to the group of emmenagogues Aloin is preferable to aloes for therapeutic purposes, as it causes less, if any, pain It is a valuable drug in many forms of constipation, as its continual use does not, as a rule, lead to the necessity of enlarging the dose Its combined action on the bowel and the uterus is of especial value in chlorosis, of which amenorrhoea is an almost constant symptom The drug should not be taken during pregnancy and when haemorrhoids are present Many well-known patent medicines consist essentially of aloes
Lign-aloes and Agarwood
The lign-aloes are quite different from plants of the Aloe genus The term "Aloes" is used in the Bible (Numbers 24:6), but as the trees usually supposed to be meant by this word are not native in Syria, it has been suggested that the Septuagint reading in which the word does not occur is to be preferred Lign-aloe is a corruption of the Latin lignum-aloe, a wood, not a resin Dioscorides refers to it as agallochon, a wood brought from Arabia or India, which was odoriferous but with an astringent and bitter taste This may be Agarwood, a native of East India, South East Asia, and China, which supplies the so-called eagle-wood or aloes-wood, which contains much resin and oil
Species
There are around 400 species in the genus Aloe For a full list, see List of species of genus Aloe Common species include:
Aloe angelica - Wylliespoort Aloe
Aloe arborescens - Candelabra Aloe, Tree Aloe, Krantz Aloe
Aloe aristata - Torch Plant, Lace Aloe
Aloe barberae - Tree Aloe
Aloe brevifolia - Shortleaf Aloe
Aloe castanea - Cat's Tail Aloe
Aloe ciliaris - Climbing Aloe
Aloe comosa - Clanwilliam's Aloe
Aloe dichotoma - quiver tree or kokerboom
Aloe dinteri - Namibian Partridge Breast Aloe
Aloe distans - Jeweled Aloe
Aloe excelsa - Noble Aloe, Zimbabwe Aloe
Aloe ferox - Cape Aloe, Tap Aloe, Bitter Aloe
Aloe glauca - Blue Aloe
Aloe humilis - Spider Aloe
Aloe khamiensis - Namaqua Aloe
Aloe longistyla - Karoo Aloe, Ramenas
Aloe maculata - Soap Aloe, Zebra Aloe
Aloe mitriformis - Gold Tooth Aloe
Aloe nobilis - Gold Tooth Aloe
Aloe perryi - Perry's Aloe
Aloe pictifolia - Kouga Aloe
Aloe perryi - Perry's Aloe
Aloe pictifolia - Kouga Aloe
Aloe pillansii - Bastard Quiver Tree
Aloe plicatilis - Fan Aloe
Aloe polyphylla - Spiral Aloe
Aloe pratensis - Rosette Aloe
Aloe ramosissima - Maidens Quiver Tree
Aloe saponaria - African Aloe
Aloe speciosa - Tilt-head Aloe
Aloe striata - Coral Aloe
Aloe tauri - Bullocks Bottle Brush Aloe
Aloe variegata - Partridge-breasted Aloe, Tiger Aloe
Aloe vera - True Aloe (vera means true in Latin), Barbados Aloe, Common Aloe, Yellow Aloe, Medicinal Aloe This is the variety used medicinally
Aloe zebrina - Zebra Aloe
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edit 2015-01-13
我也是刚学的。应该来说,楼上说的是原因,我这个是处理方法中的一种。没启动原因一般就是环境变量不对引起的。解决了这个以后就不会了。用我这个只是治标类的。可能以后还会发生。求不黑。
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