补充句子的省略成分。

补充句子的省略成分。,第1张

艾子有孙,年十许,慵劣不学,每加榎(jiǎ)楚而不悛。其子仅有是儿,恒恐儿之不胜杖而死也,责必涕泣以请。艾子怒曰:“吾为若教子不善邪?”杖之愈峻。其子无如之何。

1、孙子,孙子 艾子 孙子

2、艾子的儿子、(父)

1 省略句的定义

省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法 修辞手段。省略在语言中,尤其在对话中,是一种十分普遍的现象。

2小品词的省略

( 1 )省略介词

I ' ve studied English (for) five years 我已学五年英语了。

( 2 )省略连词that

I believe (that) you will succeed . 我相信你们会成功的。

It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving 他要走,真遗憾。

I ' m sure (that) she will help you 我肯定她会帮你的。

注:在宾语从句中,当有两个及以上并列从句时,第一个that可省,以后的均不可省。

( 3 )省略关系代词

I ' ll give you all (that) I have 我要把我所有的一切都给你。

3句子成分的省略

( 1 )省略主语

Beg your pardon (我)请你原谅。( Beg 前省略了主语 I )

Take care! 保重!( Take 前省略了主语 you )

Looks as if it will rain 看起来象要下雨。( Looks 前省略了主语 it )

( 2 )省略谓语

Who next 该谁了?( Who 后面省略了谓语 comes )

The river was deep and the ice thin ( ice 后面省略了 was )

We ' ll do the best we can 我们将尽力而为。( can 后面省略了动词do )

( 3 )省略表语

Are you ready Yes, I am 你准备好了吗? 我准备好了。( am 后面省略了 ready )

He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth 他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。( had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports )

( 4 )省略宾语

Let ' s do the dishes I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry 让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。( wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes )

( 5 )省略定语

He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved 那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来。( the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money )

( 6 )省略状语

He was not hurt Strange! 他没有受伤,真奇怪!( Strange 前面省略了状语 how ) 1 省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份

What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!) 多么令人激动的消息啊!

Pity he ' s failed (= It is a pity that he ' s failed) 很遗憾,他失败了。

I like him more than her (= I like him more than I like her) 我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。

2 英语中有一些固定的省略结构:

a) 在以 if, when, though, as if (好像)等连词引导的从句中,如从句中的主要动词是 be ,常将主语和动词 be 省略。

If necessary, we shall send a telegram home 如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。

Whenever possible, he will come to my help 他一有可能就来帮助我。

While cycling, don ' t forget the traffic lights 骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。

b) 由固定词组引导的疑问句:

What about having a game of chess 下盘棋怎么样?

How come they left you alone here 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢?

What if it ' s raining 如果天下雨怎么办?

Why not try again 为什么不再试试呢?

c) 在口语中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号 to 。

He may leave if he wishes to 他可以走,如果他愿意的话。

Don ' t go till I tell you to 等我叫你走你再走。

3 被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上,但有时省略结构已经定型,如果把省略部分补上,反而不合乎习惯。

He is taller than I am 他比我高。( am 之后省略 tall ,补上不合习惯)

No parking 禁止停车。(告示用语 = No parking is allowed here )

有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分:

Not at all 不用谢。

No matter 不要紧。

Thanks 谢谢。 概念:为了避免重复,常常省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这样的句子叫省略句。

1 简单句中的省略:

(1)Looks like rain

(2)Hope to hear from you soon

(3)Sounds like a good idea

(4)Beg your pardon

(5)Feeling better today

(6)This way, please

(7)—What does he want to eat

—Some rice and vegetables

(8)Anything I can do for you

(9)Sorry to hear that

(10)Doesn’t matter

(11)Terrible weather!

(12)Pity you couldn’t come

2 并列句中的省略:

在并列句中,相同的成分如主语,谓语,宾语等都可以省略:

(1)They learn French and we English

(2)My father planned and built all these houses

(3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second

(4)Coral is not a plant buta variety of animal life I 改写句子 使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘 :

1 Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don ' t know who has used it

2 John worked hard but his brother did not work hard

3 I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class

4 --- Has he ever been abroad

--- No, he has never been abroad

5 If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time

6 You must not be late and you must not be absent

7 Give me your name and address, please

8 It is well done

9 Mother can take a rest, Mother should take a rest but Mother won ' t take a rest after long hours of work

10He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didn ' t answer the questions

II 单项选择 从 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案:

1 --- I won ' t do it any more --- ________

A Why don ' t B Why don ' t do it any more

C Why not D Why not to

2 Although ________ to stop, he kept on working

A tell B telling C having told D told

3 --- Will you waste your time and money on that --- Certainly ________

A I not B don ' t C not D no

4 --- Mary didn ' t attend the lecture, did she --- Yes, she ________

A attended B didn ' t attend C didn ' t D did

5 --- What ' s Joan doing

--- _________ newspapers in the room

A She reading B She reads

C To read D Reading

6 _________ always succeed

A Honest and clever students B Students who honest and clever

C Honest students and clever D Students are honest and clever

7 --- Can you climb that tree, my boy --- __________

A I B Myself C Mine D Me

8 Some people are against the plan but _______ support it

A any more B many more C much more D no more

9 --- I ' ll be away on a business trip Would you mind looking after my cat

--- Not at all _________

A I ' ve no time B I ' d rather not C I ' d like to D I ' d be happy to

10 --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant

--- _________ It ' s too expensive

A Why not B I agree C I'm afraid not D I'm sure

答案: CDCDD ADBDC

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