补充句子的省略成分。

艾子有孙，年十许，慵劣不学，每加榎（jiǎ)楚而不悛。其子仅有是儿，恒恐儿之不胜杖而死也，责必涕泣以请。艾子怒曰：“吾为若教子不善邪？”杖之愈峻。其子无如之何。

1、孙子，孙子 艾子 孙子

2、艾子的儿子、（父）

1 省略句的定义

省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法 修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。

2小品词的省略

（ 1 ）省略介词

I ' ve studied English (for) five years 我已学五年英语了。

（ 2 ）省略连词that

I believe (that) you will succeed ． 我相信你们会成功的。

It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving 他要走，真遗憾。

I ' m sure (that) she will help you 我肯定她会帮你的。

注：在宾语从句中，当有两个及以上并列从句时，第一个that可省，以后的均不可省。

（ 3 ）省略关系代词

I ' ll give you all (that) I have 我要把我所有的一切都给你。

3句子成分的省略

（ 1 ）省略主语

Beg your pardon （我）请你原谅。（ Beg 前省略了主语 I ）

Take care! 保重！（ Take 前省略了主语 you ）

Looks as if it will rain 看起来象要下雨。（ Looks 前省略了主语 it ）

（ 2 ）省略谓语

Who next 该谁了？（ Who 后面省略了谓语 comes ）

The river was deep and the ice thin （ ice 后面省略了 was ）

We ' ll do the best we can 我们将尽力而为。（ can 后面省略了动词do ）

（ 3 ）省略表语

Are you ready Yes, I am 你准备好了吗？ 我准备好了。（ am 后面省略了 ready ）

He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（ had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports ）

（ 4 ）省略宾语

Let ' s do the dishes I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（ wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes ）

（ 5 ）省略定语

He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（ the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money ）

（ 6 ）省略状语

He was not hurt Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（ Strange 前面省略了状语 how ） 1 省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份

What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!) 多么令人激动的消息啊！

Pity he ' s failed (= It is a pity that he ' s failed) 很遗憾，他失败了。

I like him more than her (= I like him more than I like her) 我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。

2 英语中有一些固定的省略结构：

a) 在以 if, when, though, as if （好像）等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词是 be ，常将主语和动词 be 省略。

If necessary, we shall send a telegram home 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。

Whenever possible, he will come to my help 他一有可能就来帮助我。

While cycling, don ' t forget the traffic lights 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。

b) 由固定词组引导的疑问句：

What about having a game of chess 下盘棋怎么样？

How come they left you alone here 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？

What if it ' s raining 如果天下雨怎么办？

Why not try again 为什么不再试试呢？

c) 在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号 to 。

He may leave if he wishes to 他可以走，如果他愿意的话。

Don ' t go till I tell you to 等我叫你走你再走。

3 被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。

He is taller than I am 他比我高。（ am 之后省略 tall ，补上不合习惯）

No parking 禁止停车。（告示用语 = No parking is allowed here ）

有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分：

Not at all 不用谢。

No matter 不要紧。

Thanks 谢谢。 概念：为了避免重复,常常省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这样的句子叫省略句。

1 简单句中的省略：

（1）Looks like rain

（2）Hope to hear from you soon

（3）Sounds like a good idea

（4）Beg your pardon

（5）Feeling better today

（6）This way, please

（7）—What does he want to eat

—Some rice and vegetables

（8）Anything I can do for you

（9）Sorry to hear that

（10）Doesn’t matter

（11）Terrible weather!

（12）Pity you couldn’t come

2 并列句中的省略：

在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略：

（1）They learn French and we English

（2）My father planned and built all these houses

（3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second

（4）Coral is not a plant buta variety of animal life I 改写句子 使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘 :

1 Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don ' t know who has used it

2 John worked hard but his brother did not work hard

3 I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class

4 --- Has he ever been abroad

--- No, he has never been abroad

5 If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time

6 You must not be late and you must not be absent

7 Give me your name and address, please

8 It is well done

9 Mother can take a rest, Mother should take a rest but Mother won ' t take a rest after long hours of work

10He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didn ' t answer the questions

II 单项选择 从 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案：

1 --- I won ' t do it any more --- ________

A Why don ' t B Why don ' t do it any more

C Why not D Why not to

2 Although ________ to stop, he kept on working

A tell B telling C having told D told

3 --- Will you waste your time and money on that --- Certainly ________

A I not B don ' t C not D no

4 --- Mary didn ' t attend the lecture, did she --- Yes, she ________

A attended B didn ' t attend C didn ' t D did

5 --- What ' s Joan doing

--- _________ newspapers in the room

A She reading B She reads

C To read D Reading

6 _________ always succeed

A Honest and clever students B Students who honest and clever

C Honest students and clever D Students are honest and clever

7 --- Can you climb that tree, my boy --- __________

A I B Myself C Mine D Me

8 Some people are against the plan but _______ support it

A any more B many more C much more D no more

9 --- I ' ll be away on a business trip Would you mind looking after my cat

--- Not at all _________

A I ' ve no time B I ' d rather not C I ' d like to D I ' d be happy to

10 --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant

--- _________ It ' s too expensive

A Why not B I agree C I'm afraid not D I'm sure

答案： CDCDD ADBDC