高考英语语法:不定冠词的省略与重复
1、在不引起误会的情况下,两个并列名词中的后一个名词前的不定冠词可以省略。如:
The noun is the name of a person or thing 名词是人和物的名称。
2、当两个并列名词指的是同一个人时,后一名词前的不定冠词通常省略。如:
His father is a teacher and poet 他父亲是位教师兼诗人。
但如果要强调这两种身份,也可用两个不定冠词。如:
His father is a teacher and a poet 他父亲既是教师,又是诗人。
有时,由于两个并列的名词关系比较紧密、被视为一个整体,也可只用一个冠词。如:
A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm 一对男女手挽着手走着。
3、两个形容词并列同时修饰一个名词时,若该名词指的是两个事物,则通常应分别使用两个冠词。如:
We have a black and a white cat 我们养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。
比较。如:We have a black and white cat 我们养了一只黑白花猫。
但是,有时两个并列的名词指一个事物,为了加强语气,也有了两个冠词。如:
It was a cold and a dark night 那是一个又冷又黑的夜晚。
4、有些由两样东西构成的“自然成对”使用的事物,通常只在其前使用一个冠词。如:
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
a cup and saucer 一副茶杯与茶托
a horse and cart 一辆马车
a needle and thread 一根带线的针
hire a car and driver 租一辆配有司机的汽车
有时连第一个冠词也省略(尤其是与介词连用时)。如:with knife and fork 用刀叉
5、当要对两个并列的名词进行选择和比较方面的强调时,通常应重复两个冠词。如:
Give me a pen, not a pencil 给我一支钢笔,不是铅笔。
Do you want a novel or a dictionary 你是想要本小说,还是想要本字典?
《高中英语语法-词语用法选析》由liuxue86com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
词语用法选析
1 A Africa is second only to Asia in area
B I want a second pair of shoes
C Argentina is the second biggest nation in Latin America
为什么句 A 中的序数词 second 前面不加冠词,句 B 中的序数词 second 前面加不定冠词,句 C 中的序数词 second 前面加定冠词 the ?
析:不加冠词的 second 作“次于”解;加不定冠词的 second 作“另外的”解;加定冠词的 second 才是真正的序数词,作“第二”解。三个句子的意思分别是: A 非洲的面积仅次于亚洲。 B 我再要一双鞋子。 C 阿根廷是拉丁美洲的第二大国。
2 I ain't got any more money 句中的 ain't 是什么意思?
析: ain't[enit] 是个俗用词,有时被写成 an't 它可以是 are not , is not , am not , have not , has not 的缩写形式。在口语中常可听到这种读音。例如:
You're joking, ain't (= aren't) you? / I ain't (= am not) going to do it /That ain't (= is not) true, I'm afraid / Your letter ain't (= has not) reached me up to now 所问句子的意思是: I have not got any more money
3 His uncle is a child of a man 这句话是什么意思?
析:“ a + 名词 + of + a + 名词”是强调人、物特性的一种同位属格结构。前一名词表示的是后一名词的属性,作“像……那样的”解,是文学语言中的一种修辞手法。如果意思上需要,可用代词代替前一名词前的不定冠词;也可用代词或复数名词代替后一名词前的不定冠词。如: This is a palace of a house 这是一所有宫殿气派的房子。 Miss Chen is a flower of a girl 陈**是个像鲜花一样的姑娘。 She divorced her brute of a husband 她和她那畜生般的丈夫离了婚。 He has a mountain of debts to pay 他债台高筑。所问句子可译作:他的叔叔是个充满孩子气的大人。
4 A “The pupils all don't like the maths teacher” 和 B “The pupils all dislike the maths teacher” 的意思相同吗?
析:这两句意思不相同。 all, both, every 等词与 not 连用时,通常表示部分否定。若 all, both, every 等词与 dislike, impossible, invisible, disbelieve, unkind, useless 等含否定前缀或后缀的词连用时,则表示全部否定。比较: Both of the twins cannot dance 这对双胞胎并不都会跳舞。 Everybody here is useless to me 在这里,每一个人在我看来都没有用。 Every one of them doesn't believe you wrong 他们并不是每个人都认为你错。
5 A I don't know English and French
B I don't know English or French
这两个句子有什么区别?
析: not A or B 表示全部否定, not A and B 会产生歧义。句 A 的意思可以是: I know neither English nor French 或: I know English, but I don't know French 如果要表示全部否定,并且不至于产生歧义,你最好用 not A or B 结构。但是,下列结构中的全部否定,应用 and 表达,而不用 or :
A 简单句中出现两个否定词。如: Men cannot live without air and water
B 各列举成分前面都有否定词。如: It has no eyes and no ears
C 列举成分在否定词前。如: Dad and Mum cannot write their names
D and 构成的固定词组。如: He didn't work day and night
E and 连接两个表示先后发生的两个动作。如: Don't drink and drive 别酒后驾驶。
6 & 怎么读?它表示什么意思?
析: & 是拉丁语单词 et[et] ,也是法语单词 et[ei] 它是 e 和 t 两个字母连写的变体,作连接词用,与 and 同义。它只能连接单个名词,多用于商标、公司名称或报刊、栏目名称中,不用于较规范的文章或语句中。若连接两个缩略词,则用 & ,不用 and 如: vi & vt & 也可与 and 配合使用。如: Building & construction and Aesthetics 建筑与美学。
7 A Mary has made great progress, _________ delighted her parents
B Tom was late for class again, _________ made the teacher angry
C She told a lie, _________ her father found strange
D Mr White treats me like a baby, ________ I cannot bear
E Alice seemed a nice girl, __________ in fact she was
F I saw the man every day, _________ was very natural
G He was a Tibetan, _________ I knew from what he wore
H He has won the 2nd place, _________ often happened
I All the problems, _________ you will find out, are now settled
J He opposed the idea, _________ could be expected
上面各句的空白处填 which, as 都可以吗?
析:关系代词 which , as 都可引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句。但是,从句是“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + (补语)”结构或从句含有否定意义时,要用 which 作从句中的主语或宾语,而不用 as ;从句是“主语 + 谓语 + (宾语)”时只用 which 作从句中的主语;从句中无宾语或需要关系代词作宾语时,可用 which 或 as 作主语或宾语;从句是“主语 + 系词 + 表语”时,可用 which 或 as 作从句中的主语或表语。在非限制性定语从句中, which 只置于句末, as 可置于句首、句中或句末:当 as 作“正如”解,但仍有连接词含义时,不可用 which 代之。所以, A , B , C , D 四句中要填 which ; E , F , G , H 四句中可填 which 或 as , I , J 两句中只能填 as
10 A I didn't enjoy the performance at all
B If you do it at all, do it well
C To see an American at all in a place like this was a surprise to me
D Do you know it at all?
这四句中的 at all 有什么区别?
析: at all 用来加强语气。 at all 用于否定句中,作“根本,完全”解; at all 用于条件句中,作“(如果)真地,确实”解; at all 用于肯定句或疑问句中,作“到底,竟然”解。所以,句 A 译作:我一点也不喜欢这个表演。句 B 译作:如果你真地要去做,就要把它做好。句 C 译作:在这样的地方居然会见到一个美国人,我感到惊奇。句 D 译作:你究竟知道不知道? 《高中英语语法-词语用法选析》由liuxue86com我整理
高中英语语法全解之代词:不定冠词的用法
冠词考点及复习要点
冠词的考查是当前各地高考考卷中的热点,是我们复习中的重点之一。冠词的考查以固定结构和习惯用语为主,结合考查一些基本规则,结合考查一些基本规则。以
我们在复习中要注重教材中的语言点的整理,同时对下面的冠词规则也要 从教材中的语言点的整理,引起重视。
1、不定冠词的用法比较; 2、定冠词的习惯用法;
3、零冠词的用法; 4、在习惯用语中冠词的用法;
不定冠词的用法
考题点击1 The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast It is _____ 17th century cottage (04浙江)
A the , / B an, the C /, the D an, a
该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢A 型房子里,那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处 都表示“一幢“,A-shaped 是元音开头,该用 an;而 seventeenth是辅音开头,所以该用 a。
考题点击2 Mrs Taylor has _____ 8-year-old daughter who has _____ gift for painting—she has won two national prizes(05浙江卷)
A a; a Ban; the Can; a Dthe; a
“Taylor 夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁 的女儿,她已经两次获得全国大奖了。” eight 是元音开头,所以该用 an;而后面的 have a gift for为一短语,表示“在 … 方面有天赋,故答案为C。
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article), 另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite
Article),还有一 种是零冠词(Zero Article)。 不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意 思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。
1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。
A Mr Ling is waiting for you
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with Mr Smith is an engineer
3) 词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
高中英语语法全解之代词:定冠词的用法
考题点击1 As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _______ (04上海春季)
A by the hour B by hour C by an hour D by hours
“按小时付费”,以及其它用来表示“按…计算” 都需用介词 by 加 the 加单位名词来表示,如: by the day; by the jin; by the pound; by the dozen …。 但需注意:size; weight; time; length … 等名词并 不表示单位,所以不需加 the。
考题点击2 On May 5, 2005, at ________World Table Tennis D Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men's doubles with ________ score of 4: 1 (05江苏卷)
A a; a B 不填; the C a; 不填 D the; a
“the World Table Tennis Championship”是由普通名词构成的`专有名词,用来表示一个机构名称。这类名词前都要加 the。 “with a score of 4:1” 表示 “以4:1的比分”,是一个介词短语结构。
考题点击3 This book tells ________ life story of John Smith, who left ______ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16 (05辽宁卷)
A the; the Ba; the Cthe; 不填 Da; 不填
“这本书讲的是 John Smith 的人生故事”,是特指的,所以必须用the。“leave school”表示“毕业”,不用冠词。类似的用法还有:finish school; in class; at church; go to school …等。
定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个” 的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或 某些特定的人或东西。
1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine把药吃了。
2)上文提到过的人或事:He bought a houseI‘ve been to the house 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3)指世上独一物二的事物:the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth
4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类 人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Where do you live I live on the second floor 你住在哪我住在二层。 That‘s the very thing I’ve been looking for 那正是我要找的东西。
6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are the teachers of this school指全体教师) They are teachers of this school(指部分教师)
7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位 的名词前:She caught me by the arm 她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the People‘s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:She plays the piano 她会弹钢琴。
10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
11) 用在表示“度量衡”之类的名词前:Apples are sold by the pound 但要注意在 time, weight, length 等名词前不加 the。
12) 用在惯用语中:in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening);the day after tomorrow;tomorrow the day before yesterday;the next morning; in the sky (water,
field,country);in the dark;in the rain; in the distance;in the middle (of);in the end;on the whole;by the way;go to the theatre
高中英语语法全解之代词:不定代词的用法
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。 常见的不定代词有 all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no,
none 以 及含有 some-, any-, no-等的合成代词(如:anybody, something, no one)。这些不定代词大多可以代替名词,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。但 none 和由 some, any, no,
every 构成的复合不定代词(如 somebody 等)只能作主语、宾语和表语。every和no只能作定语。
1、不定代词可作主语。当作主语时,要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数,以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。
2、不定代词还可作定语。当作定语时,应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数,以确定这个名词用单数还是复数。
例:Much has been done to fight pollution;each of them has got a present
3、many,few 和both用于可数名词,表示复数概念。
4、All,both和each 和含有every的复合代词用在否定句中只表示部分否定。
例:Not all the students have been to the Austrlia
She can’t work out both of the difficult problems
Everybody cannot work out the problem
5、Neither,none和含有no的复合代词表示全部否定。
例:None of us can answer the question Neither of the questions is right
历届高考试题分析
例 1、No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of ____
A others B the other C either D another
答案:B 解析 根据上文 neither 的提示可以看出所指的应该是两者中的另外一个,所以用the other。这句的意思是:贸易谈判没有取得进展,因为双方都不愿意接受对方的条件。
例 2、Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for_________ two weeks
A another B other C the other D other's
答案:A 解析 another 意为“又一,再一” ,后面如接 two, three 等数词或 few 等时,可与复 数形式连用, 我们可以把 two weeks 看作一个整体, 在原来的基础上再待两星期。 other, 而
the other 用于两者之间的另一个,other's 是 other 的所有格形式,故 B、C、D 都不可选。
例 3、The Parkers bought a new house but_________ will need a lot of work before they can move in
A they B it C one D which
答案:B 解析 it 指代前面提到的单数名词。指同一个事物,此句中指 a new house;而 one 指“同名异物” ;which 引导定语从句,但题干中有连词 but,并非主从句,which 不妥;A 为复数,更易排除。
例 4、In fact ________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match
A this B that C there D it
答案:D 解析 it 在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是 to keep order in an important football match。由于空格出现在 fact 的后面,所以一些考生把它当成了同位语从句,而选了 that。 而
实际上,in fact 是介词短语作状语,后不能接同位语从句。译文:实际上,在一次重大 的足球赛中,对警察来说,维持秩序是一项很难的工作。
例 5、Some of the wheat is from Canada What about ________
A another B the other C others D the rest
答案:D 解析 wheat 是不可数名词,不能用 others 代替。the rest 既可代可数名词,也可代不 可数名词,此处指 the rest of the wheat。
例 6、If this dictionary is not yours, _______ can it be
A what else B who else C which elses D who else’s
答案:D 解析 考查关系代词所有格的用法。who else“其他什么人” ,用于主格,宾格。who else's“其他什么人” ,用于所有格。
例 7、One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________
A the other is white B another white C the other white D another is white
答案:C 解析 木板一般只有两面, 把一面染成**的; 另一面染成白色的, 考查 one…the other 结构,由此排除 B、D;原句结构为“…the other(should be painted)white,为避免重复可省略。
例 8、—He was nearly drowned once —When was _______ — _______was in 1998 when he was in middle school
A that; It B this; This C this; It D that; This
答案:A 解析 用 that 指代上文提到的事,避免了重复;it 指代时间。
例 9、—Your coffee smells great! —It's from Mexico Would you like_________
A it B some C this D little
答案:B 解析 some 相当于 some of this coffee
例 10、Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day
A some B any C that D those
答案:C 解析 这句话的意思是“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能和饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比。”that 在句子中代表the pleasure。一些考生只注意到Few pleasures 是复数,而没有注意到这里
指的是饮一杯冷饮的乐趣,误填了those。注意:使用代词时一定要弄清楚指代关系。
高中英语语法全解之代词:不定代词的用法
不定代词的用法
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。
常见的不定代词有 all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none 以 及含有 some-, any-, no-等的合成代词(如:anybody, something, no one) 。
这些不定代词大多 可以代替名词,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。但 none 和由 some, any, no, every 构 成的复合不定代词(如 somebody 等)只能作主语、 宾语和表语。 every 和 no 只能作定语。
不定代词可作主语。当作主语时,要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数,以确定它和 谓语动词在人和数的一致。
不定代词还可作定语。当作定语时,应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数,以确定 这个名词用单数还是复数。
例: Much has been done to fight pollution;each of them has got a present
many, few 和 both 用于可数名词,表示复数概念。
All, both 和 each 和含有 every 的复合代词用在否定句中只表示部分否定。
例:Not all the students have been to the Austrlia She can’t work out both of the difficult problems Everybody cannot work out the problem
Neither,none 和含有 no 的复合代词表示全部否定。
例: None of us can answer the question Neither of the questions is right
历届高考试题分析
例 1、No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of ____
A others B the other C either D another
答案:B
解析根据上文 neither 的提示可以看出所指的应该是两者中的另外一个,所以用 the other。这句的意思是:贸易谈判没有取得进展,因为双方都不愿意接受对方的条件。
例 2、Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for_________ two weeks
A another B other C the other D other's
答案:A
解析 another 意为“又一,再一” ,后面如接 two, three 等数词或 few 等时,可与复 数形式连用, 我们可以把 two weeks 看作一个整体, 在原来的基础上再待两星期。 other, 而 the other 用于两者之间的另一个,other's 是 other 的所有格形式,故 B、C、D 都不可选。
例 3、The Parkers bought a new house but_________ will need a lot of work before they can move in
A they B it C one D which
答案:B
解析 it 指代前面提到的单数名词。指同一个事物,此句中指 a new house;而 one 指“同名异物” ;which 引导定语从句,但题干中有连词 but,并非主从句,which 不妥; A 为复数,更易排除。
例 4、In fact ________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match
A this B that C there D it
答案:D
解析 it 在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是 to keep order in an important football match。由于空格出现在 fact 的后面,所以一些考生把它当成了同位语从句,而选了 that。 而实际上,in fact 是介词短语作状语,后不能接同位语从句。译文:实际上,在一次重大 的足球赛中,对警察来说,维持秩序是一项很难的工作。
例 5、Some of the wheat is from Canada What about ________
A another B the other C others D the rest
答案:D
解析 wheat 是不可数名词,不能用 others 代替。the rest 既可代可数名词,也可代不 可数名词,此处指 the rest of the wheat。
例 6、If this dictionary is not yours, _______ can it be
A what else B who else C which elses D who else’s
答案:D
解析 考查关系代词所有格的用法。who else“其他什么人” ,用于主格,宾格。who else's“其他什么人” ,用于所有格。
例 7、One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________
A the other is white B another white C the other white D another is white
答案:C。
解析 木板一般只有两面, 把一面染成**的; 另一面染成白色的, 考查 one…the other 结构,由此排除 B、D;原句结构为“…the other(should be painted)white,为避免重复可 省略。
例 8、—He was nearly drowned once —When was _______ — _______was in 1998 when he was in middle school
A that; It B this; This C this; It D that; This
答案:A
解析 用 that 指代上文提到的事,避免了重复;it 指代时间。
例 9、—Your coffee smells great! —It's from Mexico Would you like_________
A it B some C this D little
答案:B
解析 some 相当于 some of this coffee
例 10、Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day
A some B any C that D those 答案为 C。
解析 这句话的意思是“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能和饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相 比。 ”that 在句子中代表 the pleasure。一些考生只注意到 Few pleasures 是复数,而没有注 意到这里指的是饮一杯冷饮的乐趣,误填了 those。
注意:使用代词时一定要弄清楚指代 关系。
高三英语语法详解:不定代词的用法语法知识
不定代词的用法
不定代词大都可代替名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如:
1)用作主语
Both of them are waiters他们俩人都是男侍者。
Is everybody here人都到了吗
2)用作宾语
I know little about the novel关于这本小说我知道的很少。
I am speaking for myself,not for others我只代表自己,不代表别人发言。
I was interested in everything that the old man told me我对于这位老人告诉我的一切都感兴趣。
3)用作表语
That's all for today class is dismissed今天就讲这一些。现在下课。
This book is too much for me这本书对我说太难了。
4)用作定语
Study well and make progress every day好好学习,天天向上。
He has some English books他有一些英文书。
china will become a powerful modern country in another twenty years再过二十年中国将成为现代化强国。
[注]有些不定代词也可用作同位语和状语。如:
Wang and Li both made good progress王和李两人都有很大进步。(同位语)
They all went to the Zoo他们都去动物园了。(同位语)
Are you any good at mathematics你数学好吗(状语)
The meeting lasted some two hours会议进行了两个小时左右。(状语)
;
冠词是一种虚词,只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不冠词(a或an)两类,定冠词表示特指,不定冠词表示泛指。
a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面,an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。
如:a university, a useful book, an umbrella, a horse, an honest man
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1表示“一”的含义。
Give me a pen please
We go shopping twice a week
2泛指某个人或东西。
Yesterday we visited an English secondary school
She picked up a magazine and began to read
3表示一类人或东西。
He works as a language teacher in that university
As a writer, he is successful
Even a child can answer this question
可数名词单数出现,泛指用不定冠词,特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。
二、定冠词的基本用法
1表示特定的人或东西。
Give me the magazine
Have you decided on the prices yet
The book on the table is an English dictionary
Beijing is the capital of China
2复述前文提到的人或东西。
Last week, I saw a flim The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people
The old man saw a house in the field He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing
5用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的级前面,副词级前面的the 可以省略。
January is the first month of the year
The sun rises in the east
Japan lies to the east of China
Beijing lies in the north of China
Ireland lies on the Great Britain
At the Children's Palace, some children learn to play the piano, others learn to play the violin
Last week we went to the theatre
Among the three girls she speaks English the best
“东、南、西、北”作副词时,前面不加冠词。
We are walking south
形容词级前若有物主代词,就不加定冠词。
Monday is my busiest day
7不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词,但若有限制性定语修饰,或表示特定部分、特定内容时,前面需加定冠词。
Drink some water
Is the water in the well fit for drink
He can't take the advice his mother gives him
三、不加冠词的基本规则
1季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。
If winter comes can spring be far behind
We have few classes on Sunday
101 is National Day
2表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词,但乐器前需加定冠词。
What did you have for lunch
Dinner is ready
Let's go and watch them play chess
My elder brother likes to play football
The boys are learnig to play the guitar
play the piano
play the violin
3有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。
at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning
in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town
in front of (at the back of) at distance (in the distance)
as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold
冠词考试重点
冠词所占比例不大,一般是1分或2分。
2、可数名词单数出现,必须用a或an或定冠词修饰,不能单独出现。
3、什么情况下,不用加冠词。
冠词易考:
2、可数名词单数泛指,前面加不定冠词。an用于读音以元音开头的单词前。
Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English
I have been waiting for him for half an hour
3、名词特指时,前面加定冠词。
He is enjoying his stay in Denmark, but has some difficulty with the language
Is the water from the tap fit for drink
4、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指,前面不加冠词;大部分专有名词前也不加冠词。
As we know, the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends
They left for work after supper
The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II (the Sencond World War)
5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。
Without any news from Tom for a long time, his father left for Shanghai to see him
They will travel by air
I will help you for the sake of your sister(for the sake of 因为)
I will go to school on foot
My mother is in hospital
He has been in prison for two years
典型例题
1 ______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II
A The; the B A; the C The; / D A; /
World War II是专有名词
答案:C
2 Can you play _____
A piano B pianos C a piano D the piano
答案:D
3 “You've been very busy lately”
“So busy I haven't had time to clean my house There is _____ wherever you look”
A dust B a dust C the dust D dusts
dust 是不可数名词
答案:A
4 The station Take the second turning _______
A to left then go straight on B on the left, then go straight on
C to left, then go right forward D to the left, then go right forward
on the left 在左边
答案:B
in the bed 在床里面
7 Even on Sundays, fewer people go to ______ church than before
A the B a C / D that
go to church 去教堂 go to school 去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to college 去大学
答案:C
8 _________ look much alike
A Smith's sisters B Smith sisters C Two Smith sisters D The Smith sisters
表示一家人,前面加 the
答案 D
历届高考中冠词的考点
冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。在历届高考英语试题中,冠词虽分值不大,但失分率较高。究其原因,是它的用法复杂。它的用法没有一个很固定的模式,往往是随着语境的变化而变化,可谓变化多端。但这并不意味着它就无规律可循。纵观历届高考试题,冠词的考试点无非以下三种情况:
一、考查定冠词和不定冠词的最基本用法
1、不定冠词修饰可数名词,其意思为“一个”;定冠词既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,往往表特指,其意思相当于“这个”。单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中,一定要加冠词(或者加不定冠词,或者加定冠词)。可用“一个”或“这个(种)”来区分不定冠词和定冠词。
考例1、—-Have you seen_______ pen?I left it here this morning.(NMET97)
—-Is it _______black one?I think I saw it somewhere.
A.a,the B.the,the C.the,a D.a,a
解析此题的两个空格处,都应有“一”的意思,“一支笔”,“一支黑色的笔”,所以答案为D。
考例2、Have you ever seen _____ as tall as this one
A a tree B such tree C an tree D tree
解析该题干意思是“你可曾见过跟这棵一样高的树?”,选A。
2、可数名词用于泛指时,单数名词前可加定冠词,也可加不定冠词;复数名词前不加冠词。不可数名词用于泛指时,不加冠词。
考例3、Most animals have little connection with _______animals_______ of different kind unless they kill them for food.(NM ET 2000)
A.the,a B./,a C.the,the D./,/
解析名词的复数常常表示泛指,其前不加冠词;第二个空格填不定冠词,a different kind泛指任何一种不同种类,“animals of a different kind” 表示“(任何)一种不同种类的动物”,故选B。
考例4、She is_______ new comer to _______chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.(NM ET 94)
A.the,the B.the,/ C.a,/ D.a,the
解析此题中a newcomer的意思是“一个新来者”,chemistry为不可数名词用于泛指,其前一般不能使用定冠词,故该题选C。
考例5、The warmth of_______ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _______wool used.(NMET 2001)
A.the,the B.the,/ C./,the D./,/
解析此题的意思是:毛衣的保暖程度当然取决于使用的毛的种类。此题中的“毛衣”和“毛”都是泛指。前者为可数名词,可加定冠词,也可加不定冠词;后者为不可数名词,不能加冠词,故选B。
考例6、Many people agree that _______knowledge of English is a must in _______international trade today.(NM ET 96)
A.a,/ B.the,an C.the,the D./,the
解析此题中的trade是表动作之类的名词,为抽象名词,因此不可数。在此题中用做泛指,前面不加冠词,故该题选 A。
3、名词后跟有限制性的定语时,名词前通常加定冠词。
考例7、Many people are still in _______ habit of writing silly things in _______public places.(NM ET 93)
A.the,the B/,/ C.the,/ D./,the
解析名词后跟有限制性的定语,名词前通常加定冠词。因habit受of writing silly things所修饰,表示乱写乱画的习惯,所以为特指,故 habit前加定冠词;public places泛指公共场所,而且为复数名词,所以不加冠词,选C。
考例8、In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck by ___ beauty of ___ nature that he stayed for another night (91上海)
A /; / B /; the C the; / D the; the
解析nature 前不用冠词,of nature 做抽象名词 beauty 的定语,所以其前要用定冠词,故选C。
4、定冠词用在形容词或副词的最高级或序数词前;在姓氏的复数前加定冠词,表示一家人。
考例9、 _______ cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps (上海 92)
A The hundredth B The hundred C Hundredth D A hundredth
考例10、________ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas (上海 93)
A The Evens B The Evens' C The Evenses D The Evenses'
考例11、Who did you spend last weekend with ---_______ (上海 98)
A Palmer's B The Palmers' C The Palmers D The Palmer's
解析根据叙述,上三题分别选A,C,C。
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