谁能解释一下英语中的语法结构，比如 主谓宾定了什么的 越具体越好

主谓宾是句子的主要成分

主语是动作的主人 比如I

宾语是动作被实施的对象 比如Rice

谓语通常是动词，分为实意动词和be动词（is am are）

例句 I eat rice eat是实意动词做谓语

定状补是句子的修饰成分

定语修饰的是主语或宾语即定语修饰名词或代词

如 I have a red apple red就是宾语apple的定语

可以做定语的有：形容词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句

由于定语的位置不同所以又有了后置定语

1短语作定语一般后置

He gave me a basket full of eggs 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。

2修饰some，any，no，every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置

Let’s go somewhere quiet 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧

3副词作定语

The people here are very friendly 这里的人很友好。

另一个定语用法是定语从句：

引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as；关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。

关系代词的选用比较复杂，受下列条件的制约：

(1) 要看先行词是指人还是指物，

(2) 要看关系代词在从句中句法功能，

(3) 要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。

在定语从句中充当的成分

↓ 用于限定性或非限定性从句 只用于限定性从句

指人 指物 指人或指物

主语 who which that

宾语 whom which that

谓语 whose whose (of which)

That 只能用在限定性定语从句中，而who, whom, which, which 既可用于限定性定语从句中，也可用于非限定性定语从句。

I know that he is a man who means what he says

I know that he is a man that means what he says 我知道他是一个守信用的人。

The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy

The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy 她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼。

The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy（在从句中充当动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略。）

The watch which was lost has been found

The watch that was lost has been found 丢了的表找到了。

Here is the material that you need

Here is the material you need 你要的材料在这儿了。

You are the only one whose advice he might listen to 他也就是听你的话吧。

关系副词的选用相对来说比较简单，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day 等，则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词，如place, house, area 等等，则选用where。如果先行词为reason 则选用why

I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood

I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood

我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。

I don’t know the reason why he did that

I don’t know the reason for which he did that 我不知道他为什么这么做。

当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时，或者先行词的前面有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 等词修饰时，或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时，一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句：

I have explained everything that I can to you

I have explained everything I can to you 我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。

This is the most beautiful campus that I have ever been to

This is the most beautiful campus I have ever been to 这是我见到的最美丽的校园。

Can you tell me something that you know

Can you tell something you know 你能把你知道的一些情况告诉我吗？

The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan

The first thing we should do is to work out a plan 我们应该做的头一件事就是订一个计划。

还有一种定语从句，它的结构是：the same … as…, such … as

这里的as 可以指人或物，这里的as 引导的是限定性定语从句：

Such furniture as is very popular is expensive 一种很受欢迎的家具价钱昂贵。

We have successfully done the same experiment as you did 你做过的那个试验我们已经成功地做完了。

限定性定语从句与主句关系密切，为句中不可缺少的部分，如去掉，主句意思就不完整了。而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散，如果去掉了，主句内容仍然完整。在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般补逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。

His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on 他的讲话没完没了，真让人烦。

The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile

将军的女儿名叫珍妮。她冲我笑了笑，笑得好甜啊。

非限定性定语从句中，先行词也可以是整个句子，一般用which 或as 来引导定语从句，which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等，as 在从句中一般只充当主语，which 与as 引导这类定语从句的区别在于：which 只能放在句子当中或句子末尾，而as 的位置比较灵活，可以放在句子当中、句子末尾，也可以放在句首。

As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease

Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all

Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all 众所周知，压力太大了，人会得病的。

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all 众所周知，水是由氢和氧组成的。

关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前，一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom，而不用介词加that来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末，则可以使用that来代替which或whom，这时的that可以省略。

This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars 这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指。

One of my colleagues whom you are familiar with will come today

One of my colleagues that you are familiar with will come today

One of my colleagues you are familiar with will come today

我的一个同事，就是你非常熟悉的那个人，今天要过来。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

1副词一般在句子中做状语．

He speaks English very well 他英语说得非常好

He is playing under the tree中的under the tree(地点状语)

2 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。

I come specially to see you我专门来看你

3介词短语

My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past

4从句作状语

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian

5分词作状语

Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整

如：make(使),ask(请。。)

如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful

作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等。

希望楼主明白了

是病句，句意重复。忍俊不禁的意思是：指忍不住要发笑。忍俊：含笑；不禁：无法控制自己。例句：看辄他滑稽的表演，大家忍俊不禁。凡是违反语法结构规律或客观事理的句子都是病句，前者叫语法错误，后者叫逻辑错误。

常见的病句种类有

（1）语序不当（2）搭配不当（3）成分残缺或赘余（4）结构混乱（5）表意不明（6）不合逻辑（7）歧义（8）句式杂糅（9）分类不当（10）单面性对多面性（两面对一面/一面对两面）

病句修改

1、了解病句的几种常见类型，特别是《考试说明》中指出的6种类型：语序不当、搭配不当、成分残缺或赘余、结构混乱、表意不明、不合逻辑。要熟悉改病句的常规方法。

2、修改病句时，必须保留原意，不可改走样了。因为修改病句是为了使句子表达准确，语句明白无误。

3、从语法角度入手，抓住句子主干。无论是单句、复句，抓住了句子主干，也就抓住了句子的基本意思，在改病句时有利于保留原意。抓住主干时要注意辨认主干是否有毛病，如是否有成分残缺，主谓、动宾搭配不当等毛病。