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http://hibaiducom/redcode/blog/item/d9b2b41c8313618f87d6b619html

Sr、Nd、Pb同位素值分别集中于同一区域很小范围内，说明藏北高原新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩是来源于同一源区，并且经历了类似的地球化学动力学过程，是相同的物源及其相似的演化过程结果的反映。

Sr同位素的初始比值可反映火山岩的源区特征。一般认为，现今＜0706比值的火山物质来源于地幔；0706～0710比值的物质来源于下地壳；＞0710比值物质来源于上地壳。来源于上地幔的，未被浸染的现今大洋脊和大洋岛屿的火山岩的87Sr/86Sr值分别为07028和07039（Faure，1977）。从Nd同位素特征来看，近代火山岩的ε（Nd）值因构造位置不同而有所不同，现今上地幔ε（Nd）=+12，而大陆地壳的平均值约为-15（Dapaolo，1981、1988）；源自上地幔而未受到地壳物质混染的岩浆，其ε（Nd）≥0，若ε（Nd）＜0，无疑与地壳物质的加入有关。藏北新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的87Sr/86Sr 值比值介于0707101～0707998之间，明显高于均一储集库（uniform reservior）的（87Sr/86Sr）UR现代值07045（Depaolo et al，1980）；ε（Nd）＜0，143Nd/144Nd比值也小于未分异的球粒陨石地幔值0512638。显然这已超出了习惯上认为的正常地幔性质。但也不能简单地得出地壳物质重熔的结论，因为这不符合岩石学和地球化学所揭示的大量事实。藏北高原新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特点限制了其源区具有壳-幔物质混合的地幔性质。

Hart（1984）根据岩石的不同同位素组成特征，鉴别出四种地幔端元类型：即亏损型地幔（DMM）、富集Ⅰ型地幔（EMⅠ）、富集Ⅱ型地幔（EMⅡ）和异常高238U/204Pb型地幔（HIMU）。其中DMM为MORB的源区（亏损型），具有低的87Sr/86Sr值和Pb同位素组成及高的143Nd/144Nd值；EMⅠ的最显著特点是在四种地幔类型中最接近于全球的同位素组成，其特点是具有较低的206Pb/204Pb值与143Nd/144Nd值，通常认为是下地幔经过地幔对流与流体交代形成的；EMⅡ被普遍认为是俯冲和再循环的大陆物质与地幔岩发生混合作用的产物，具有高87Sr/86Sr值、高Pb同位素比值和低143Nd/144Nd值的特点；HIMU可能代表古老的变质洋壳，具有高Pb同位素组成、低87Sr/86Sr值和中等143Nd/144Nd值。大多数玄武岩的同位素组成都可以用这四种地幔端元不同比例的混合模式来解释。

图8-1 新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的143Nd/144Nd-87Sr/86Sr同位素成分投影图

图8-2 新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的143Nd/144Nd-87Sr/86Sr同位素成分投影图

图8-3 新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的ε（Sr）-ε（Nd）变异图

图8-4 新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的87Sr/86Sr-206Pb/204Pb关系图解

新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩Sr、Nd同位素组成均分布于地幔主趋势线的右侧并远离地幔主趋势线，低于地球总成分，处在典型的EMⅡ范围之内（图8-1），并位于 Roman省钾质火山岩范围内（图8-2），其源区属于大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素富集的一种壳-幔物质的混合地幔。

如前所述，ε（Sr）和ε（Nd）是常用的两个判别岩石成因参数，这两个值越大，表明其偏离标准样品（一种无球粒陨石）的值越远（李昌年，1992）。藏北新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的ε（Sr）变化于1160～1289 之间，较大陆溢流玄武岩的值（＜80）高，被认为通常出现在再循环的地壳或被交代的地幔岩石中（Kyser，1986）。在 ε（Sr）ε（Nd）相关图中（图8-3），本区岩石落在玄武岩和壳源混合区（B+C3和B+C2之间），并在大洋沉积物的趋势延长线上。

图8-5 新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的143Nd/144Nd-206Pb/204Pb关系图解

图8-6 不同源区地幔的Pb同位素组成

图8-7 新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的208Pb/204Pb—206Pb/204Pb投影图

图8-8 新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩的207Pb/204Pb—206Pb/204Pb投影图

通过87Sr/86Sr-206Pb/204Pb和143Nd/144Nd-206Pb/204Pb相关图判别（图8-4、8-5），也得出与上述同样的结论，都与EMⅡ型富集地幔源的趋势一致，而明显不同于富集Ⅰ型地幔，且远离亏损型和异常高238U/204Pb型地幔区。

Normam等（1989）利用岩石的207Pb/204Pb—206Pb/204Pb二元投影图解圈定了不同同位素组成的地幔源范围。藏北高原新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩投影点均落在北半球大洋玄武岩同位素组成的回归线左上方，均密集在大陆下岩石圈地幔区的上部（图8-6），显示存在陆壳组分的混合作用。图8-7、图8-8进一步说明了其Pb同位素组成不仅与EMⅡ非常吻合，尤其与大洋沉积物的Pb同位素特征一致，并且与西班牙的钾镁煌斑岩和Roman省钾质火山岩存在着一定的相似性。再次揭示了藏北高原新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩具有被大洋沉积物及陆壳物质所混合的不均一富集地幔源区。

世界范围内的造山型钾质岩石（例如Batu Tara，Roccamonfina，Roman region和Spanish）被认为是起源于与俯冲板片流体（或熔体）有关的富集地幔（Nelson，1992）。在图3-5a中，玉龙斑岩体与囊谦钾质火山岩相似，均位于右下象限内，并且都分布于 Batu Tara 钾质岩石区域内或其附近，因而玉龙斑岩体很有可能类似于囊谦钾质火山岩，起源于与俯冲板片流体（或熔体）有关的富集地幔的部分熔融。玉龙斑岩体以及囊谦火山岩具有相对均一的206Pb/204Pb比值，在206Pb/204Pb—207Pb/204Pb图解中近垂直分布，并且趋向于俯冲沉积物成分（图3-5b），同样表明地幔源区有再循环的地壳物质加入。

有趣的是玉龙斑岩体中锆石Hf同位素成分。绝大部分锆石具有正的εHf值，表明源区为亏损地幔，这与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素得出的结论源区为受到俯冲板片流体交代的富集地幔不一致。然而这种不一致也可能反映了早先俯冲过程。这是因为在俯冲洋壳和沉积物释放的流体中，HFSE（Zr，Hf，Nb，Ta）的活动性相对 LREE（La，Ce，Sm，Nd）和LILE（Rb，Sr，Ba，Pb）要小（Polat and Munker，2004），从而造成Hf与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素成分的解偶。但是有少量锆石同样具有非常显著的负的εHf值（-103～-110）。与全岩Nd同位素（εNd（t）＝ -26）相比，Hf同位素显示出更多的非放射性成分，投点位于地幔趋势线（εHf＝133εNd＋319；Vervoort et al，1999）下方，表明它们起源于特定的源区。研究表明，再循环洋壳在地幔中残留时间只要超过1 Ga，由这种古老洋壳部分熔融形成的熔体具有更多的（相对Nd同位素）非放射性Hf同位素成分（Nowell et al，2004）。因此，我们认为玉龙斑岩体锆石中非常显著的负的εHf值可以用地幔源区受到过古老（＞1 Ga）的板片熔体混染来解释。斑岩体平均Nd模式年龄（tDM）为09 Ga，但考虑到熔体中Sm/Nd比值通常要比源区低，因而这些Nd模式年龄代表的是交代富集事件的最小时间。Turner et al（1996）通过计算得出交代富集事件发生在中元古代（12 Ga）。

综上所述，玉龙斑岩体与囊谦火山岩的Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素成分明显不同于MORB，但与早先受到过俯冲组分改造的亏损地幔相一致。这种改造作用很有可能主要是板片流体的交代作用，同时受到了少量板片熔体的混染作用。