高中英语：分析句子成分

1主语our school 谓语is 状语not far from my home

2形式主语it真正的主语不定式短语

3主语all of us谓语considered宾语him宾语补足语honest

4buy后接双宾语结构me是间宾a pair of sports shoes是直宾a pair of sports做定语修饰shoes

5第五个是个复合句。主语he谓语made宾语it宾补clearthat从句做made的宾语。其中he做主语would leave做谓语the city做宾语

6复合句，前一个是主谓状结构后一个是when引导的时间状从

7主谓双宾结构me是间宾an interesting story是直宾last nignt是状语

8主谓双宾结构

9考到了一个句型think highly of sb 主谓宾结构

10主谓宾状结构

11主谓宾宾补结构

12主谓宾宾补结构

13祈使句

14主谓状结构whatever引导的宾语从句又做了do的宾语

15主谓宾状结构

16get sthdone句型 主谓宾状结构

17主谓状结构，从in Japan开始都做了made的状语，而且还是用了比较

18there be 句型 that从句中it 作了形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。

19状语从句而且用了倒装，we must~~是主谓宾状结构

20主谓宾宾补结构

1They went（hunting）together (early in the morning)

宾语 状语

2(There is going to be) (an American film) tonight

谓语 主语

3He found (it) important (to master English)

宾语 宾补

4Do you have (anything)else (to say)

谓语 宾语

5(To be honest),your pronunciation is not (so) good

状语 谓语

6He sat (there),(reading a newspaper)

状语

7（It) is (our duty) to keep our classroom (clean and tidy)

形式主语 主语 谓语

Most Saturdayevenings状语 there is aparty, even atharvest time状语

These parties often状 make us very happy宾补 We cook meat on an (open定) fire outside状 It's great! Americans eat a lot of定 meat Some of my friends定 drink beer I don't, because I have to drive home after the party状语从句 In your letter状 you asked about the time in different areas of the States定

There are five different time定 areas in the States状 In my state状 we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time状 How many Different time定 areas do you have in China状 Well, I must stop and get some定 sleepPlease give my best定 regards to your parents状

一、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物。通常用名词或代词担任。

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态。主要由动词担任。

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果。通常由名词或代词担任。

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物(直接宾语),一个指人(间接宾语)。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote mea letter (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter tome (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

Shanghaiis a big city (上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard (他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean(他们通常让教室保持清洁)

/ He often helps me do my lessons(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to

learn French all by myself(老师要我自学法语)

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmateTom (你的同学汤姆在哪里？)

十、简单句

1、简单句的特点:简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。

2、简单句的种类:简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。

十一、句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语1、主语:

(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如:The

painter painted a very nice picture (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe (耳听为虚眼见为实) / Helping animals

is to help people (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)

(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如:It is very comfortable to

have a Class A seat during the long journey (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for

your health(=It is bad for your health eating too much)

(吃得太多对你的身体不利。)

(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing ((那)没有什么。)/

(It) doesn’t matter ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you

((我)谢谢你。)

(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn’t he (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals,aren’t they (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)

(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there andfetch me a glass of water (你去给我弄一杯水来。)

(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如:Computers

are made in this factory (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they (他们在哪儿？)

/ Does the boy like staying home (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)

(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and bravepeople (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)

(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。

2、谓语:

(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如:

He travelled in space for the first time(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this

year(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gone

bad (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /

(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)　记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如:

I am sorry I ammaking so much

noise but I have to (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / Hecan’t havefinished reading the

800-page-long novel (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something mustbedone

to stop the fowl flu from spreading out (该采取措施防止

禽流感蔓延。)

(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。

记住使用下列正确形式:

①情态动词+原形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson（你最好复习这一课。）

②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如:They should have been there once（他们应该去过那儿。）

③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doingthis evening（今晚你打算做什么？）/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s（自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。）

④have+过去分词。如:Many trees havebeencut down since 1970s（意思同上）

⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词。如:He does not enjoy himself

very much（他日子过的不好。）/ Did any of you see

dinosaur eggs（你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗？）

⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:He

made up his mind to be a vet（他拿定主意要做个兽医。）/ Feeling good about yourself is

essential to feeling good about life（自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the

other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had

strong tombs built for themselves（古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。）

(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。

(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”；复数形式的动词有:are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。

谓语部分第一个动词的形式 单数形式 复数形式

一般现在时be(是)动词；现在某些时态和语态的助动词be am (单一); are (单二); is (单三); are

一般过去时be(是)动词；过去某些时态和语态的助动词be was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三) were

一般现在时have(有)动词；现在完成时态的助动词have have (单一); have (单二); has (单三); have

一般现在时行为动词和助动词do do (单一、单二); does (单三) do

实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词（否定和疑问句除外） 原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三) 原形动词

其他各时态语态的谓语动词 单复数形式相同

记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。（参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:”）Air andwateris necessary to us all(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)

(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如:TheOlympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it ----Yes, it is(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗？----是的。)

3、宾语:

(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如: The angel also came to

Joseph and toldhimthe same thing(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so

much money(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football

games so much that they often forget their lessons(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)

(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hearanything exciting(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗？)

(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如:What did he see (他看见了什么？) / What does he write a letter with (他用什么写的信？) / With what does he write aletter (他用什么写的信？)

(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如:Please put the shoes away (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes

(请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them

away (请把它们收起来。)

(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构:

①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如:Heoften gives mesome help (他常常帮我。)

②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for如:Please make mea kite (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me

(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如:I found the jobrather difficult (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job

(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。

4、表语:

(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如:He became a doctor

after he left high school(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating

anything today because he has caught a bad cold(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it(谁呀？)

(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turnget,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。

(3)代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如:It’s I (It’s me)是我。

(4) 只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his

carelessness(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby

is asleep(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested

in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in

thinking so(并非只有我才这样想的。)

(5)表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。

5、定语:

(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如:Put it in the top drawer(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European

countries (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and

father are both college teachers(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)

(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序:

冠词/物代 年龄/形状/大小/温度 色彩 来源 质地/材料 目的/用途 被修饰的名词(中心词)

athemyhis… old,young,… red,yellow,blue,… Chinese,English, American,… wooden,woolen,glass,silk,paper… meeting,tennis,sports,reading,swimming,… box,shoes,room,pig…

long,short,round, square…

big, large,small, little…

hot, cold, warm, cool…

(3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如:I could not find my way out,so I stayed there all along (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。)

(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。)

(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如:He remembered everything unusual(他记得所有不寻常的事情。)

(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见定语从句。

(7) 注意:由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。

6、状语:

(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如:I was not born yesterday（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these

familiesa college education was something new（对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。）/ He woke upto find his house on fire(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot leave until your work

is finished(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)

(2) 副词作状语位置较为灵活,详见《六·2》“副词在句子中的位置以及作用”；介词短语作状语,位置基本固定,详见《七·4》“介词短语在句子中的位置”；不定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果,详见《八·7》“动词的非谓语形式”；从句作状语,详见《主从复合句》的“状语从句”。

(3) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念。如:He went ouf of the roomat

a quarter to 23:00last night and then

disappeared into the dark(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中。) /

(4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。详见“状语从句”。

(5) 注意:由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分。

7、宾语补足语:

(1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如:Call him Jim,

please (请叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy

(我竭尽所能让他开心。) / Ask her to come to

dinner tomorrow (请他明天来。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him

(他让小动物们给他带食物来。)阿

(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如:Let him in, I tell you!

(我跟你说,让他进来！)/

Please put it away (请把它收起来。)

(3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语的情况,详见《八·7》“动词的非谓语形式”相关内容。

十二、简单句五种基本句型:

句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:

1、基本句型的词序: 2、划分符号(没有统一规定,仅供参考):

主谓句型：S－Vi。主系表句型：S－Vlink－P主谓宾句型：S－Vt－O主谓双宾句型：S－Vt－O间宾－O直宾主谓宾补句型：S－Vt－O－C

3、例句:Jimis working [very hard] [now]（他现在正非常努力地工作。）

Sheisyoung （她年轻。） Itlookslike rain （天看上去要下雨。）

The

boy [always] kickedthe dog [with

his feet] （这男孩老是用脚踢那只狗。）

Hehas [never] boughtmea toy [since last year] （从去年起他没给我买过一个玩具。）

Hefeltsomething (cold)<moving up his leg>（他感到有个冰冷的东西顺着腿上爬。）

1 高考一句英语句子成分划分和句子结构分析Idon'

你好，I是主语，don't是助动词，want是谓语，tosee是不定式、非谓语，anyone是宾语，cut off from the expressive ,personal associations是宾语补足语，that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does是that引导的同位语从句，进行补充说明解释personal associations的翻译为：我不想要看见从意味深长的个人协会，一个仍然比数码键盘能更好的提升的圈子，快速离开的任何人。

2 英语长短句成分分析

It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice(that开始到句末都是主语从句，if到opportunities是主语从句中的条件状语从句)

But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials (that开始到limited是主语从句，the time后面是定语从句)

Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture(that开始到individuals是定语从句)

3 高中英语句子成分划分

结构式这样的： this 做主语，肯定是上文提到的某件事。

谓语动词是 will result in， 会导致。 宾语是a smaller number of fish， 核心是number，数量，究竟是什么的数量， 鱼的数量。

left， 是过去分词做后缉粻光救叱嚼癸楔含盲置定语， 表示剩下的， 什么样的鱼， 剩下的鱼。 for us to eat， 是动词不定式表目的。

剩下的鱼干什么，供我们 吃。 in the future， 时间状语，在将来。

所以整句话翻译就是： 这会导致将来可供我们食用的鱼的数量越来越少。

4 英语长短句分析成分（速求

(Beyond the practial need to make order out of chaos状)，（the rise of dictionaries主） （is associated with谓） （the rise of english middle class宾），（who 。worlds to conquer-lexical as well as social and commercial定语从句）

It主语 is系动词 highly appropriate表语 （that DrSamuel Johnson,the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man,as famous in his own time as in ours should,have published his dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class主语从句）

that DrSamuel Johnson主语，（the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man同位语），（as famous in his own time as in ours定语） （should have published谓语） （his dictionary宾语） （at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class状语）

7 He asked us to sing an English song

本句结构：

主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 +宾语的补足语 to sing an English song（由不定式充当）。

意思是“他请我们唱一支英语歌曲”。

8 We will make our school more beautiful

本句结构：

主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 more beautiful（由形容词充当）。

意思是“我们会让我们的学校更加美丽”。

9 She showed us her many of her pictures

本句结构：

主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 us + 直接宾语 many of her pictures

意思是“她拿出许多自己的照片给我们看”。

10 The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany

本句结构：主系表

主语——The cars made in Japan，其中 made in Japan 是过去分词作后置定语

系动词——is

表语——better

比较状语——than those in Germany

意思是“日本造的汽车比德国造的好”。

11 Go back where you came from

本句结构：

主语——祈使句省略了 you

谓语——go back

地点状语——where you came from

意思是“回到你来的地方去”或者“从哪里来回到哪里去”。

12 We must do whatever the people want us do

本句结构：

主语——we

谓语动词——must do

宾语从句——whatever the people want us do

意思是“我们必须做凡是人民需要我们做的事情”或者“无论人民需要我们做什么，我们都必须去做”。