目前,随着社会经济的快速发展,英语成为了主要的国际通用语言之一,这必然引起人们对英语学习的兴趣日益增强。我精心收集了关于大学英语语法句子成分,供大家欣赏学习!
关于大学英语语法句子成分1关系代词
<例句>
I met someone who said he knew you
我遇到一个人,他说他认识你。
<语法分析>
关系代词 who 代表 someone,又引导从句修饰它,同时又在从句中担任主语。关系代词 who, whom, whose, that和 which可以用来引导定语从句,这类代词都起着三重作用,一是代表前面的名词,二是把从句和它所修饰的词连接起来,三是在从句里也担任一个成分。who 和 whom 都代表人,who 在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语或介词宾语。whose在从句中可以作定语。that可以代表人或物,which 只能代表物在从句中可充当主语、宾语或介词宾语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) The noise that she made woke everybody up
她弄出的声音把大家都吵醒了。
语法分析:that 代表 noise,又引导从句修饰它,在从句中担任 made 的宾语。
(2) She saw something in the paper which might interest you
她在报纸上看到的一些消息,或许会使你感兴趣。
语法分析:which 代表 something, 又引导从句修饰它,在从句中担任主语。
(3) The girl with whom I was travlling didn't speak English
和我一起旅行的那个女孩不会讲英语。
语法分析:whom 代表人,在从句中作宾语或介词宾语。
(4) I saw a film whose name I have forgotten
我看了一部**, 名字却忘了。
语法分析:whose 有时指无生命的东西。
(5) Who's the man (that) you were talking to
刚才和你讲话的人是谁
语法分析:在从句作宾语时,that常可以省略。
(6) The situation in which she found herself was very difficult
她的处境非常困难。
语法分析:在紧跟介词时,只能用which,不能用that,而且不能省略。
<巩固练习>
1 The man _____ robbed her has been arrested
2 The man _____ I saw told me to come back tomorrow
3 I know a girl _____ mother is an acrobat
4 He _____ would eat the fruit must climb the tree
5 The dog _____ was lost has been found
6 She invited us to dinner, ______ was very kind of her
7 My dog, ______ temper is very uncertain, often bites judges at dog show
8 The man from ______ I brought it told me to read me instructions
<参考答案>
1 who 2 whom 3 whose 4 that 5 which 6 which 7 whose 8 whom
关于大学英语语法句子成分2不定代词
<例句>
I have no idea about it
对此我一无所知。
<语法分析>
不定代词no在句子中作定语,此外,every也可作定语。除了这两个词外,其他的不定代词既可用作名词也可用作形容词,大多数在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) Someone (somebody) has turned off the light
有人把灯关了。
语法分析:合成不定代词 someone 和 somebody 意思相同,都表示“某人”,但只用于肯定句,在否定句及疑问句中通常用 anybody 或 anyone。
(2) Everybody (everyone) laughed, me included
大家都笑了,我也笑了。
语法分析:everybody 和 everyone 意思相同,表示“人人”、“大家”。
(3) Did any of your photos come out well
你的照片洗出来都不错吗
语法分析:any 可代表可数名词或不可数名词名词,在句子中作主语或宾语等,可用于否定句及疑问句,肯定句用 some。
(4) She is in no mood (not in a mood) for jokes
她没有心情说笑话。
语法分析:no 可构成否定句,等于 not a。
(5) I never saw so many swans on the lake
我从未见过湖面上有这么多天鹅。
语法分析:many 修饰可数名词,可用在疑问句,否定句及肯定句中,还可与too, so 等词连用,much, few 及 little 也可表示数量,与many 一样,都可用作定语。
(6) None of us would have said such a thing
我们谁也不会说出这种话来。
语法分析:none 和 no 一样,都是否定词,none可用作主语、宾语或介词宾语及同位语。
<巩固练习>
1 I will tell you _____ of my own experience
2 If you want ______ , you can call me
3 I'll take ______ that you don't want
4 As ______ as ten people were found living in a single room
5 You've given me too ______ food
6 ______ went his way
7 ______ of my parents live in Japan
8 One of the boys is named Tom, the _____ named Bill
9 Show me some ______
10 I don't like this room Let's ask for _____
<参考答案>
1 something 2 anything 3 any 4 many 5 much 6 Each 7 Both 8 other 9 others 10 another
关于大学英语语法句子成分3some的用法
<例句>
She's living at some place in Canada
她住在加拿大的某个地方。
<语法分析>
不定代词some的意思是表示“一些”,可以用来指人或其他可数的东西,也可以用来表示不可数名词的东西,它在肯定句中用作主语、宾语、定语等。在这个句子中,some和单数可数名词连用,其意义是表示“某个”,这与certain的意义相同。
<触类旁通>
(1) Some of them can speak English
他们中的有些人会讲英语。
语法分析:简单用法。
(2) Can I take some of these apples
这些苹果我拿些可以吗
语法分析:一般在疑问句里要用any,但有时候却要用到本应用在肯定句中的some这个词,这种用法所表达的含义是希望得到肯定的答复。这个例句的所隐含的意思是我很想拿一些苹果,希望对方给予肯定性的回答。
(3) She enjoys some music
她喜欢某些音乐。
语法分析:some修饰不可数名词。
(4) Aren't there some eggs on the table
桌子上不是有些鸡蛋吗
语法分析:some用于反问句或请求句中。
<巩固练习>
1 Did ______ of you catch the train
2 ______ children learn languages easily
3 ______ work is very difficult
4 Would you like ______ tea
5 Ask ______ secretary to come here
<参考答案>
1 some 2 Some 3 Some 4 some 5 some
英语语法——英语句子成分分析
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。如:
Students study (学生学习。)
We are friends(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。
2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。如:
Students study (学生学习。)
We are friends (我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。
3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:
They are teachers ( 他们是老师。)
I play with him (我和他一起玩。)
这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。
4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如:
This is a red sun(这是个红太阳)
He is a tall boy(他是个高个子男孩。)
这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语。
5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如:
The students studyhard (这些学生学习努力。)
I often write to him(我常给他写信。)
The bag is too heavy(这个书包太重了。)
这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词,它们都作状语。
6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如:This table is long (这个桌子是长的。)
通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下:
(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)
如:(The tall) boy(often) go (to the big) zoo
(The happy) child ---went (his) home yesterday
请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分
1)I have two eldersisters (我有两个姐姐。)
2) They don't swimvery well(他们游泳不太好。)
3) Do you go toschool every day (你每天去上学吗?)
4) I really want acup of tea(我真的想要一杯茶。)
5) Miss Smith teachesEnglish very well(史密斯先生教英语非常好。)
语法其实并没有一些人想象的那么可怕,其实里面有很多趣味。
第一讲英语句子成分
WARM-UP:1)The teacher in theclassroom 2)Sang many songs and danced happily 3)She attracts 4)Many peopleliving in the country 5)All the books on the desk over there
以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。
英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)
英语句子成分歌
英语句子八呀八大块, 主谓宾表真呀真实在;
补语跟着宾语表语跑, 定语同位(语)专把名词踹。
状语的位置它自由自在, 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。
浑身的毛病真呀真不少, 前后乱窜它还会加塞。
I.八大成分的概念和构成
1.主语(名词代词形):句子的主体,是谓语陈述,说明的对象。
If you want therainbow you have to put up with the rain
不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。
The secret of successis to start from scratch and keep on scratching
成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。
充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介词短语(少见)
形式主语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)
2.谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动。
I have a dream
You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want
所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。
谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)
3.宾语:行为或活动的对象,接受者或受影响者。
You don’t find opportunities…you make them
你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。
You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on
如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。
充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式
形式宾语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)
4.表语:说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)
Time is money
Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you wantto do
你想做什么事,三点钟总是太早或太迟。
构成形式:1)名词2)形容词3)代词4)数词5)不定式6)ing形式7)过去分词8)副词9)介词短语10)小品词11)名词从句
5.补语:补充说明。(由动词类别来决定)
构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)形容词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词小品词10)名词从句
主语补语
Tom was made monitor
宾语补语
I made Tom monitor
表语补语
I am sure to succeed
6 定语:对名词性形式进行范围限定。
7 This is beautiful music
There are only twokinds of music…good and bad
自古音乐分两种,好的和坏的。
构成形式:1)限定词2)形容词3)名词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词10)关系从句
8 同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
Puff, the magicdragon, lived by the sea
构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名词从句
9 状语:修饰词,短语,从句和整句。位置:自由自在。
1)修饰性状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词等(时间,地点,肯定,否定,程度,频度,方式,伴随,原因,目的,比较等)。
Can you feel the lovetonight
Home never looks sogood as when you come back from getting away from it
只有出走又回家时,家才最感亲切。
2)连接性状语:连接上下文(顺序,递进,转折,让步,结果,推论,比较)。
First comes spring,then summer
I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it
3)评述性状语:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法或态度。
Frankly speaking, thefood is not very good
II.成分关系
1.补语跟着宾语表语跑:
补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态,则宾补就变成了主补。
To love others makesus happy…to love ourselvesmakes us lonely(宾补)
We are made happy tolove others…we are made lonely tolove ourselves(主补)
爱他人使我们幸福,在自己使我们孤单。
2.定语,同位(语)专把名词踹:
定语,同位语修饰名词性形式
Experience is thebest teacher(被定语所修饰的形式为名词)
They are going toMelbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia(同位语所修饰的形式为名词)
3.谓语动词由状语修饰
When you reach forthe stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either
你想摘下天上的星星,可能一个也摘不下;但也不会一无所获。
1、主语:
(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如:The painter painted a very nice picture (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They foughtagainst SARS bravely (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe (耳听为虚眼见为实) / Helping animalsis to help people (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the longjourney (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health(=It is bad foryour health eating too much) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)
(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you ((我)谢谢你。)
(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn’t he (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)
(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there andfetch me a glass of water (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如:Computers are made in this factory (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they (他们在哪儿?) / Does the boy likestaying home (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)
(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinesepeople are a hardworking and brave people (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
2、谓语:
(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如:
He travelled in space for the first time(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches youEnglish this year(今年谁教你们的英语?) / The pizza has gone bad (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /
(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:[情态动词]+[时态助动词]+[语态助动词]+[主要动词](不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表) 记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如:
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。)/ He can’t have finishedreading the 800-page-long novel (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu fromspreading out (该采取措施防止
禽流感蔓延。)
(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。
记住使用下列正确形式:
①情态动词+原形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson(你最好复习这一课。)
②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如:They should have beenthere once(他们应该去过那儿。)
③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doing this evening(今晚你打算做什么?)/ Many trees havebeen cut down since 1970s(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。)
④have+过去分词。如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s(意思同上)
⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词。如:He does not enjoyhimself very much(他日子过的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?)
⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:He made up his mindto be a vet(他拿定主意要做个兽医。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling goodabout life(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built forthemselves(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。)
(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。
(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”;复数形式的动词有:are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。
谓语部分第一个动词的形式
单数形式
复数形式
一般现在时be(是)动词;
现在某些时态和语态的助动词be
am (单一); are (单二); is (单三);
are
一般过去时be(是)动词;
过去某些时态和语态的助动词be
was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三)
were
一般现在时have(有)动词;
现在完成时态的助动词have
have (单一); have (单二); has (单三);
have
一般现在时行为动词和助动词do
do (单一、单二); does (单三)
do
实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词(否定和疑问句除外)
原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三)
原形动词
其他各时态语态的谓语动词
单复数形式相同
记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。 Air and water isnecessary to us all(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如:The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it ----Yes, it is(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗?----是的。)
3、宾语:
(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如: The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me thatthe company could not afford to pay him so much money(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoywatching football games so much that they often forget their lessons(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be achildren’s doctor is veryrewarding(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)
(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hearanything exciting(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗?)
(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如:What did he see (他看见了什么?) / What does hewrite a letter with (他用什么写的信?) / With what does he write a letter (他用什么写的信?)
(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如:Please put the shoes away (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put awaythe shoes (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away (请把它们收起来。)
(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构:
①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如:He often gives mesome help (他常常帮我。)
②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for如: Please make me akite (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me
(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如:I found the job rather difficult (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it ratherdifficult to do the job
(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。
4、表语:
(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如:He became a doctor after he left high school(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheelsare over there(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because hehas caught a bad cold(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it(谁呀?)
(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。
(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如:It’s I (It’s me)是我。
(4) 只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorryfor his carelessness(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am onlyinterested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone inthinking so(并非只有我才这样想的。)
(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。
5、定语:
(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如:Put it in the top drawer(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France andSwitzerland are European countries (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother andfather are both college teachers(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)
1、They是主语’re all groaning是谓语 about soaring health budgets是状语, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs是非限制性定语从句
其中 pharmaceutical costs是定从中的主语 are是定从中的系动词 the fastest-growing component 是定从中的表语of which 是定从中的定语 。which是关系代词 指代先行词health budgets
句子意思:他们都抱怨飞涨的健康卫生预算,其中制药成本是其涨速最快的组成部分
2、The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined
The complementary coastlines and certain geological features 是主语
that seem to span the ocean 是修饰主语的定语从句
are 是系动词,reminders 是表语
of where the two continents were once joined是介词短语 作定语 修饰reminders
其中 where the two continents were once joined是宾语从句 作 介词of的宾语
句子大意为:互补的海岸线和一些些似乎跨洋的地质特征暗示这两个大陆曾经连在一起
3Very few writers 是主语on the subject是定语
have explored是谓语 this distinction 是宾语-- indeed, contradiction是同位语 -- which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom是非限制性定语从句
其中 of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom是介词短语 作定语 修饰the heart
what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom是宾语从句 作 介词of的宾语
句子意思:研究这一课题的作家很少有人探讨过这种区别、或者可以说是矛盾这种矛盾触及了倡导使计算机进入教室这一错误的核心
what从句功能上相当于一个名词,常译作“的东西、事情、话" 如:
I like what he likes 我喜欢他喜欢的东西。
He lives in what is called Xihuo 他住在一个叫做喜获的地方。
whatever也有类似用法,其所引导的从句功能上相当于一个名词。whatever既作主句成分又作从句成分。
I like whatever he likes 他喜欢什么我就喜欢什么。
在这里finished whatever it was ,whatever it was功能上相当于一个名词,作finished的宾语,完成了这些话(不管什么样的话),he had to say作whatever的定语从句。
下面这点内容摘自《高中英语语法通霸》,会对你有所帮助。
A 引导名词性从句时,既作主句成分又作从句成分。
Whoever smokes here will be punished (whoever引导主语从句,在主句和从句中都作主语)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given (whatever引导宾语从句,在主句和从句中都作宾语)
Whichever he likes will be given to him (whichever引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,在主句中作主语)
引导名词性从句不能换为no matter+连接代词。
Whatever you say is of no use now√
No matter what you say is of no use now×
1 I don’t believe ______ he says now He is acheat
A no matter what Beverything
C whatever D how
2 ______ comes to the party will receive a gift
A No matter who B Who
C Which one D Whoever
对于 句子 成分在英语语法中的地位和作用、对它理解乃至对它的 教学 方法 可谓仁者见仁,智者见智。下面是我带来的专四英语语法句子成分分析,欢迎阅读!
专四英语语法句子成分分析精选
新增题型有句子成分、句意理解及语法功能。
一、句子成分
如:which of the italicized parts functions as an object
a he doesn’t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting
b it is no use your pretending not to know the matter
c my parents strongly object to my going out alone at night
d her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip
[答案] c
[译文] 下列哪个句子中斜体的部分作宾语
[解释] a 中斜体部分为介词 短语 修饰名词;b 中斜体部分为主语从句;c 中斜体部分为宾语,故为本题答案;d 中斜体部分为主语。
二、句意理解
认真对比题干选项,分辨出语义相同和不同的选项。如:
“the man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer” has all the following possible meanings except
a the man who has prepared the documents„
b the man who has been preparing the documents„
c the man who is preparing the documents„
d the man who will prepare the documents„
[答案] d
[译文] 下列哪个选项的意思与“the man preparing the document is the firm’s lawyer”不一致
[解释] 本题考查现在分词结构与定语从句的替换。现在分词表达现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时,但不能表达将来时。
三、语法功能
还有些考题考查选项中的句子或句子中特定成分的语法功能。这类考题需要熟练掌握句子的结构分析和句意分析,扎实掌握核 心语 法中的各项语法规则。 which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose
a she said it for fun, but others took her seriously
b for all its effort, the team didn’t win the match
c linda has worked for the firm for twenty years
d he set out for beijing yesterday
[答案] a
[译文] 下列斜体的短语中,哪一个表示目的
[解释] a意为“她是说着好玩的,但是其他人当真了。”,本句中for fun表示目的; b意为“尽管非常努力,他们还是没能赢得这场比赛。”,本句中forall its effort表示转折;
c意为“琳达在那家公司工作了二十年。”,本句中for twenty years表示时间段; d意为“昨天,他动身前往北京。”,本句中for beijing表示方向。因此,a为本题答案。
一、双宾语
英语中,有些及物动词可接两个宾语(双宾语),即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。常用句型为:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如:
give me a cup of tea, please 请给我一杯茶。
有时,间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语的后面。如:she passed him the salt =she passed the salt to him 她把盐递给了他。
her uncle bought her an english-chinese dictionary yesterday = her uncle bought an english-chinese dictionary for her yesterday 昨天,她叔叔给她买了一本英汉词典。 下面几种情况,通常要用介词to或for引起的短语:
1 当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。如:
the watch is li leis please give it to him 这块手表是李雷的。请把它给他。
2 当强调间接宾语时。如:
mother cooks breakfast for us every day 母亲每天都为我们做早饭。
3 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如:
on the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person 在公共汽车上,他经常把座位让给老人。 注:由to连接间接宾语的动词有:pass, give, show, tell, lend, take等;由for连接间接宾语的动词有:buy, cook, get, sing, make等。
可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语:如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系,则该动词接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语。
专四英语语法句子成分分析阅读
复合宾语
英语中,有些及物动词接宾语后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语。常用句型为:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。
1 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call, name, think, make等。如: we call them mooncakes
2 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make, keep, think, find等。如: at first i found chinese hard 开始的时候,我发现汉语很难。
3 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况:
2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear, see, watch, let, make等。如: he made us laugh 他使我们大笑。
3)接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help。如:
she often helps her mother(to) do some housework 她经常帮母亲做 家务活 。
4 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch, see, hear, find, keep等。如:in the country, he can hear birds singing 在农村,他能听到鸟儿歌唱。
5 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find, keep, take等。如:
the boy found his pen on the floor 这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔。
同源宾语
一、概念:
少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语(cognate object)。
含义:只有名词担任的能重复动词部分或全部意思的直接宾语,前面常有修饰语
二、用法:
1常见的能带同源宾语的动词有:lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。
例如:a under the leadership of the party, the peasants are living a happy life在党的领导下,现在农民们过着幸福的生活。
b i dreamed a terrible dream last night 昨晚,我做了一个恶梦。
c our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last august
去年八月份,我们的战士与洪水作斗争,打了一个漂亮仗。
d he died a heroic death 他英勇地死去。
2 同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语。这时,“动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语”。二者相比,前者语气更强一些。
professor smith died a sudden death last wednesday
(= professor smith died suddenly last wednesday)
史密斯教授上星期三突然去世了。
注意:同源宾语前面通常带有定语。
eg:fight a good fight
breathe a deep breath
laugh a foolish laugh
smile a forced smile
3 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时,该同源宾语常可以省去。eg:you should run your fastest(race)你应该尽快地跑。
the old man breathed his last(breath)this morning那位老人今天早晨停止呼吸,撒手西去了。
专四专四英语语法句子成分分析分析学习
一、英语中的句子成分分析
imetmybestfriendtom at the ststion yesterday
主语 谓语 定语 宾语同位语 状语
1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例:
(1) students syudy(名词) (2)we are fridends(代词) (3)to go to good university is his first goal(不定式)
(4)doing morning exercise is good for your health(动名词) (5)jane is good at playing the piano (6)four plus four is eight
2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例:
(1)students study(实意动词) (2)we are friends(be动词) (3)we love china (4)he can speak english(复合谓语) 3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。 (a)hegave 间接宾语直接宾语
(b)please pass me the book (c)he bought me some flowers (1)(3) (2) 4、宾语补足语:是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。5、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。 (1)this is a red sun (2)the black bike is mine
(3)he is a tall boy (4)she is a chemistry teacher (5)the lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher
6、状语:是用来说明动词,形容词,副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分,常由副词担任。
(1)the students study hard (2)i often write to him
(3)the bag is too heavy (4)i will be back in a while
(1) this table is long the apple tastes sweet
(2) the war was over they seem to know the truth
通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间作状语放在句子的后面。
(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)。 (1)(the tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo (2)(the happy)child-went(his)home yesterday
英语五种基本句型: 基本句型一:s+v (主+谓) 基本句型二:s+v+p(主+系+表) 基本句型三:s+v+o(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四:s+v+o+o (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
Perhaps,yet if you look deep in your own heart, you'll find { something drives you [ to make this kind of contribution ] }---{ sometging drives every human being [ to find a purpose (that lives on after death)] }
,if 条件状语从句。
,you'll find 主句。
第一个大括号是find的宾语从句。中间有个中括号是动词不定式,用作宾语补语。
第二个大括号与第一个并列。中间有个中括号是动词不定式,功能同上。还有一个小括号是定语从句。
1The apple tree,swinging gently in the breeze,had a good crop of fruit
在这里swing作伴随状语had是谓语动词
2the castle ,burnt down in 1485,was never rebuilt
burnt down in 1485,是定语,was never rebuilt是谓语,被动语态
3the noise of something being dragged on the floor could be heard clearly in the quiet night是现在分词短语做定语,表示被动,用being表示进行
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