这六个句子的成分:
1there is +名词+地点状语
2主+系+表
3主+谓+宾
4主+谓+宾+同位语
5主+系+表+表语补足语
6主+系+表
1There is a school there
2My school is there
3 He rans rnto the classroom
4 I like the story best of all
5He is too old to work
6Both of us are puprle
隔开的每一部分分别跟上面的成分对应。
你要了解什么是句子成分,及句子的几大结构。如下:
1英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green(我是格林**)
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day (杰克每天打扫房间)
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping (我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:
Shanghai is a big city (上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard (他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself(老师要我自学法语)
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom (你的同学汤姆在哪里?)
2英语三大句子结构
主系表 : 主语+be动词+表语
主谓宾 : 主语+谓语+宾语(实义动词)
There be : 以“There be”开头
句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种
主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working主语是they(他们),那麽他们在做什麽呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。那麽,哪些词语可以做主语,谓语,何时主谓倒置,主语与谓语的一致情况如何,我将一一讲述。
一、哪些词可以充当主语
1,名词
例如: A mooncake is a delicious, round cake
The first truck is carrying a few baskets
The temperature will stay above zero
The doctor looked over Mrs Brown very carefully
China does not want to copy the USA’s example
2,代词
例如: It’s a young forest
I don’t know if it will grow
That’s a bit expensive
You’d better buy a new pair
I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes
3,数词
例如:One and two is three
One is not enough for me I want one more
One of them is English
Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck
Two will be enough
4,不定式 (常以 It’s adj to do sth 形式出现)
例如: To give is better than to receive =Its better to give
I found it difficult to get to sleep
It’s glad to see you again
It was difficult to see
But it’s good to swim in summer
5,IT 作主语,有如下情况:
1)指代刚刚提到的事物:What’s this It’s a bus (指代what)
2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人:Who’s knocking the door It’s me (指代 who)
Who’s the baby in the picture It’s my sister (指代 who)
3) 表示时间,天气,距离:
What’s the time It’s eight o’clock (时间)
What’s it going to be tomorrow It’s going to be rainy(天气)
How far is it It’s about one kilometre away (距离)
6 THERE 引起的There be 句型中,be 作谓语,主语位居其后。如:
There are many different kinds of mooncakes
There will be a strong wind
二、谓语
谓语有动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如:
I like walking(一般现在时主动语态)
I made your birthday cake last night (一般过去时主动语态)
It is used by travellers and business people all over the world (一般现在时被动语态)
复合谓语也可分为两种情况:
第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语:
What does this word mean
I won’t do it again
I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao
You’d better catch a bus
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如:
You look the same
We are all here
The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer
Keep quite and listen to me
He looked worried
We have to be up early in the moming
Is Bill in
School Is over Let’s go home
My pen is in my bag
I feel terrible
I fell tried all the time
He seemed rather tired last night
连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割;有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了。
三、主语与谓语的一致
英语句子的主语和谓语的一致性,是英汉两种语言的区别之一。具体说来有如下特征:
1, 谓语动词在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。如:
Now the teacher comes into the classroom
本句属一般现在时,主语the teacher 为第三人称单数,因而谓语动词come 应加s
One morming she was working at her desk in the library wher a boy came in 本句属主从复合句,主句用过去进行时,从句为一般过去时;主句中主语she为第三人称单数,所以谓语为 was working
1) 主语含有 and 时,如表示一个单一的概念,谓语动词常用单数(特别是当and 连接的是两个不可数名词时),否则用复数。如:
One and three is four And 前后均为数字,表示同一个概念,谓语动词应用is
Tea and milk is my favourite drink 本题中tea and milk 指一种饮料,故谓语用is。
Tom and Li Lei are my best friends Tom 和 Li lei 是完全不同的两个人,有不同的特征,因而谓语是are。
2) 主语为动词不定式时,其谓语常用单数形式。如:
To give is better than to receive
It was difficult to see
It’s best to wear cool clothes
同样,动名词作主语,谓语动词也为单数。初中阶段只学了一句:
It (playing) is much better than having classes
3) 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词视为单数。如:
The best time to come to China is autumn
The weather in England never gets too hot
4) 在姓的复数前加the 表示一家人,谓语动词为复数。如:
What time do the Reads have breakfast 主语是the Reads, 表示里得一家人,谓语动词用do…have
5) 表示时间的复数名词作主语,常作整体看待,其谓语动词为单数形式。如:
Two months is quite a long time
6) “几加几等于几”的算式中,谓语动词常为单数。如:
Twenty and forty is sixty
主 谓
7) 某些表示学科的名词作主语,无论其结尾是什麽,谓语动词都视为单数。如:
Maths is my favourite subject
主 谓
8) each 以及由some,any,no,every 构成的复合代词作主语,谓语动词为单数。如:
There’s something wrong with my ears!
谓 主
Everyone is going into class
主 谓
9) what,who which 等词做主语,谓语动词形式视意思而定。如:
What is this(this 为单数,用is)
What are these (these 为复数,用are )
Which is your friend 哪一个人是你的朋友?
Which are your friends 哪些人是你的朋友?
10) None 作主语,其谓语可以是单数,也可以是复数,此项目并非初中阶段重点,故此不谈。
11) People,Chinese, Japanese 作主语,谓语动词为复数。如:
There are four people in my family
谓 主
The chinese people are very friendly
12) population 作主语,指“人口”时,谓语为单数;其前有表示数量的修饰语时,谓语为复数;课本第三册只要求掌握作“人口”讲时谓语的情况:
What’s the population of Germany
谓 主
What was the population of the world in 1950
谓 主
Half of the population of China are women
修饰语 主 谓
2, 由 either …or 或neither …nor 连接的两个并列成分作主语,其谓语动词形式与后一个主语保持一致。如:Either Lily or Lucy is going to come(Lily和Lucy 谁去都行。后一个主语Lucy 为第三人称单数,谓语用is going to come)
Either I or he does well in English 我和他的英语都不错。
Neither I nor she likes swimming 我和她都不喜欢游泳。
由these 和here 引出的含有不只一个主语的句子,其谓语动词形式由最靠近谓语的主语形式决定。如:
These is a pen, two rulers and three books on the desk
Here are some cups,a glass and some pears on
句子的成分:
构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语。它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组,以及句子来担任。
主语
主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子的主体。
I work here
我在这儿工作。
She is a new teacher
她是一个新教师。
主语可以由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,名词化形容词,分词,从句,短语等来担任。
The book is on the desk
书在桌子上。
I get an idea
我有一个主意。
Two and two are four
二加二等于四。
When to be ginisnotknownyet
什么时间开始还不知道。
What I know is important
我所知道的很重要。
谓语谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。
We don't know him very well
我们不太了解他。
She speaks English fluently
她英语讲得很流利。
表语表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。
These desks are yellow
这些桌子是**的。
I am all right
我没事。
We are happy now
我们现在很幸福。
It's over
时间到了。
She is ten
她十岁了。
My work is teaching English,
我的工作是教英语。
The dictionary is in the bag
词典在书包里边。
My question is how you knew him
我的问题是你如何认识他的。
宾语
宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。
I saw a cat in the tree
我看见树上有一只猫。
I want to go shopping
我想去买东西。
He said he could be here
他说他会来的。
We think you are right
我们认为你是对的。
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面, 但间接宾语前须加"to"。
My father bought me a book
我父亲给我买了一本书。
Give the rubber to me
把橡皮给我。
Please give the letter to XiaoLi
请把这封信给小李。
有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。
We all call him LaoWang
我们都叫他老王。
Please color it red
请给它涂上红颜色。
We found the little girl in the hill
我们在山上找到了小女孩。
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
That is a beautiful flower
那是一朵漂亮的花。
The TV set made in that factory is very good
那个工厂生产的电视机很好。
This is my book,not your book
这是我的书,不是你的书。
There are more than twenty trees in our
school
我们学校里有二十多棵树。
I have a lot of things to do
我有好多要做的事情。
Our country is a developing country
我们的国家是一个发展中的国家。
状语:说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任。
同位语: 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语(appositive)这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
1主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。如:
It’s getting cold 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us 老师对我们很好。
2 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。如:
Mother bought me a VCR 妈给我买了一台录像机。
We have finished our work already 我们已经完成了工作。
3 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于连系动词之后,与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如:
Be careful! 小心!
He looks very angry 他看上去很生气。
His job is looking after sheep 他的任务是看羊。
4 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。如:
He wrote many plays 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming 她喜欢游泳。
5 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如:
He told us to stay 他叫我们留下。
I’ve never seen her dancing 我从未看见过她跳舞。
I found it difficult to refuse him 我感到很难拒绝他。
6 定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后(详见形容词一章)。如:
It’s an interesting story 那是一个有趣的故事。
Do you have time to help us 你有时间帮助我们吗
Who is the woman being operated on 正在动手术的女人是谁
7 状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如:
We like English very much 我们非常喜欢英语。
Her uncle lives in Canada 她叔叔住在加拿大。
She was lying in bed reading 她躺在床上看书。
United we stand, divided we fall 团结则存,分裂则亡。
8 同位语:若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且,句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。如:
This is my friend Harry 这是我的朋友哈利。
We students should study hard 我们学生应该努力学习。
9独立成分:与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系,如插入语、感叹语、呼语等,一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如:
He’s a nice person, to be sure 肯定他是一个好人。
Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all 说也奇怪,考试他竟然通过了。
注:后两种初中不要求掌握
句子有这几大类 :
主谓
主谓宾
主谓宾宾补
主谓间接宾语直接宾语
主系表
这是基本的东西,先搞清楚后再搞其他高级的部分
第十五章 句子的结构
英语的句子,与汉语句子类似,按照语法结构也可分为三类,即简单句,并列句和复合句。那么有关这三种句型的详细信息,请看下面的讲解。
一、简单句
简单句只包含一个主谓结构,并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成,不包含任何从句。简单句有五种基本句型。
1主语+谓语(不及物动词)
The new term begins
新学期开始了。
2主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
The girl is learning to play the piano
这个女孩在学弹钢琴。
3主语+连系动词+表语
Susan is a student
苏珊是个学生。
4主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
He bought her a watch
他给她买了一块表。
5 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补语
We all believed you honest
我们都认为你是诚实的。
二、并列句(简单句+连词+简单句)
并列句是由两个或多个简单句连接而成的。其中的各个简单句并列平行,同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,能够独立成句。它们之间要用连词连接。
并列句可分为四种:
1表示相同关系
用连词或逗号、分号连接构成并列句。常用连词有:and, notonlybut also, neithernor
Her father is a teacher and her mother is a doctor
她的父亲是老师,母亲是医生。
Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high
苏姗不但跑得快,而且跳得高。
I could neither swim nor skate
我既不会游泳,也不会滑冰。
I wouldn't see this film , it's boring
我不想看这个**,它令人心烦。
2表示转折关系
常用连词有:but, still, yet,while, when等。
It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework
夜已深了,但是他还在继续做作业。
She was busy cooking while they were watching TV
她忙着做饭,而他们却在看电视。
The film is not perfect, still, it's good
这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔,但还是好的。
3表示选择关系
常用连词为:or, eitheror。
Would you have tea or coffee
你是喝茶还是咖啡
The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother
老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。
Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital
这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。
4表示因果关系
常用连词有for和so
She soon fell asleep, for she was too tired
她很快就睡着了,因为她太累了。
We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train toleave
我们急忙赶往车站,因为火车很快就要开了。
It was raining harder and harder, so we had to stay at home
雨下得越来越大,所以我们只得呆在家里。
The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went
老师让苏姗到她那去,因此她就去了。
注意:1、 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉
如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time= If wehurry up, we’ll be there in time
2 because和so; although, though和but不能连用
(二)并列连词和连接性副词的区别
引导并列结构的并列连词有and, or, but, so, for, nor等,并列连词包括关联连词both…and, either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also, as well as, as much as等。并列连词也包括连接性副词,如however, hence, therefore, besides, moreover, yet, anyway,
consequently, still, nevertheless, all the same等。但并列连词和连接性副词存在着如下的区别:
1 位置上的区别
连接两个独立的分句时,并列连词的位置只能放在它所引导的分句句首,前面通常有逗号:
Lopez left For Woodside(美新译西州一城市)the day before yesterday, and he won't be back till the end of the month
I must work harder, for I still have a long way to go
Pay him back, or he will bring a suit against you (快还他钱,不然他要向你起诉。)They all went, but I didn't(go)
连接性副词的位置较灵活,既可放在句首,也可位于句中或句末、但以置于句首居多:
Father is ill; therefore ,he doesn't go to work today
置于句首
Father is ill; he, therefore, doesn't go to work today
置于句首
Father is ill; he doesn't go work today, therefore
置于句末
2 用法的区别
两个并列连词不可以连用:
Oscar and I go to the club every Saturday evening, and but we play bridge there (根据句意,应把but划掉。)
但并列连词却可以和连接性副词连用:
He is not in favor of the plan, and yet he raised no objection
三、复合句(主句+连词+从句)
包含一个主句,一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分,如主语,表语,宾语,定语,状语等。
(一)、引导名词性从句的连接词
分类
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词(5个):that(宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)
whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever,whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
不可省略的连词:
1 介词后的连词
2 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she waschosen made us very happy
We heard the newsthat our team had won
比较
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
1 whether引导主语从句并在句首
2 引导表语从句
3 whether从句作介词宾语
4 常与 "or not" 连用;if 则不可。
5 引导同位语从句
Whether he willcome is not clear
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is notimportant who will go
It is still unknown which teamwill win the match
1主语从句
主语从句就是从句作主语。它可作谓语动词的主语,也可作分词的主语。主语从句有三种:
(1)由that引导:
It is impolite( that you talked so loud inthe restaurant)---指代it的内容
你们在餐馆那么大声音说话是极不礼貌的。
It is a great surprise that she won the champion
她得了冠军,真是令人惊异。
(2)由what, whatever和whoever等代词引导:
What she said just now is correct
她刚才说的话很对。
What caused the air disaster is under the investigation
究竟是什么导致了这次空难,正在调查。
Whatever you have seen must be kept in your mind
不管你看到什么,都要记在心里。
Whoever breaks the world record will get one million yuan as an a ward
任何打破世界纪录的人将得到一百万元奖金。
(3)由连接副词whether, how, when,why, where引导:
When the sports meet will be held isn'tdecided
什么时候开运动会还没有定下来。
Whether she can pass the exam is not sure
她是否能够通过考试还没有把握。
How he arrived there is unknown to anybody
他是如何到达那里的,没有人知道。
Why the fire broke out here in the workshop remains a mystery
车间这里为什么会发生火灾仍是个谜。
注意:当主语从句过长而谓语较短时,通常用代词it作形式主语,而把从句放在句尾。
It remains a mystery that the air disaster took place that day
那天发生的空难仍然是个谜。
It is uncertain whether we'll attend the meeting or not
我们是否参加那个会议还没有确定。
2宾语从句
这类从句常是这种结构:主句+引导句+从句,从句中始终用陈述语序。
(1)由that引导(通常that可以省略)
She is very sure that she can work out the problem
她确信她能解出这道题。
She told me that she could finish it herself
她跟我说她可以自己完成这件工作。
(2)由what, who, which等关系代词引导
We don't understand what you said just now
我们不明白你刚才说的话。
Tell me which you want
告诉我你要哪一个
Do you know who is the man over there
你知道那边那个人是谁吗
(3)由how, when, why, where引导宾语从句
They wanted to know when the building would be set up
他们想要知道这座楼房何时建成。
Will you please tell me how I can get to the park
请告诉我怎么走才能到公园好吗
I wonder where she is now
我想知道她现在在哪儿
I don't know why you dislike physics
我不知道为什么你讨厌物理。
(4)一些形容词之后所接的句子也是宾语从句。这些形容词有:glad, sorry, sure , afraid,worried, angry, aware, confident等。
I'm glad that you've helped me a lot
很高兴你给我这么大的帮助。
We are confident that we can beat them
我们有信心打败他们。
The father was angry that his son failed to pass the maths exam
这位父亲对他的儿子数学不及格很恼火。
I'm not sure if she has finished the painting
我不清楚她是否完成了那幅作品。
注意:当宾语从句过长时,可用it作形式宾语而将从句放在句子后面。
She thought it pity that I had missed the chance
她认为我错过了那个机会非常可惜。
I found it very easy that I worked out the problem
我觉得很容易地就做出了这道难题。
The manager made it clear that your idea was impossible
经理已明白地指出你的想法不能实现。
3定语从句
以从句的形式修饰或限定主句中的名词、代词、短语等的句子,叫作定语从句。
定语从句通常用关系词(关系代词和关系副词)把它与主句连接起来。它在句中所修饰和限定的词或短语称为先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有:who(指人,在从句中作主语或宾语),whom(指人,作宾语) ,whose(指人,作定语),that(可指人或物),which(指物)。
引导定语从句的关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因)。这些关系副词相当于(介词+which)。例如:
when=in(on,at,during)+which
where=in(at,to)+which
why=for which
(1)关系代词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语;关系副词在从句中作状语。
作主语:Thewoman who is talking to the teacher is her mother
正在跟老师说话的那个女人是她的母亲。
The boy who played the piano on the stage yesterday is Mr Li's s on
昨天在台上弹钢琴的那个男孩儿是李先生的儿子。
作表语:Chaplinwas a great actor whose name is well known all over the world
卓别林是一位闻名于全世界的伟大的演员。
作宾语:Do you know the man whose sonis your schoolmate
你认识那个他的儿子是你同学的男人吗
作宾语:Iam looking for the bike (that) I put here yesterday)
我正在找昨天我放在这里的自行车。
These are the reference books (that) I bought for you yesterday
这些是我昨天给你买的参考书。
作状语:
指时间:
Jack wasted much time on those days when he was in the middle school
杰克上中学的时候,浪费了许多时光。
It was in 1937 when Japanese soldiers broke into the city Beiping
日本鬼子闯入北平城是在一九三七年。
指地点:
This is the place where the composer Beethoven was born
这就是作曲家贝多芬出生的地方。
Have you been to the seaside where we can enjoy swimming
你去过那处我们可以尽情游泳的海滨吗
指原因:
Do you know (the reason) why she was so sad
你知道她为什么这样伤心吗
Who can tell me why it's so unfair
谁能告诉我为什么老天爷如此不公平
That's(the reason)why he was absent
这就是他缺席的原因。
注意:①当先行词被first,last这类词或最高级修饰时,一律都用that而不用which或who (不管先行词是指人还是物)。
This is the most beautiful picture that Ihave ever seen!
这是我所看见过的最美的画!
I'm the only one that you can rely on
我是你唯一能够依靠的人。
②当先行词为all,no,any,only,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词的时候,必须用that作引导词引导定语从句。
There is nothing that she can say to you
她对你没有什么话可说。
She is not interested in anything (that) he has told her
她对他告诉她的任何事情都不感兴趣。
(2)介词前置的定语从句关系代词which和whom还可以作介词的宾语,这时要把介词放在整个定语从句的前面。
Is this the school in which you studies
(in which=where)
这是你上学的学校吗
The man on whom the whole family rely died in a traffic accident yesterday
那个全家人依靠的顶梁柱昨天死于一场交通事故。
关系代词that和关系副词when,where等都不能作介词的宾语。
The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago
他们现在正居住的房子是50年以前建的。(不能说:Thehouse in that they are living w as built 50 years ago)
26A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me
主语:A young man and a young woman
谓语:were sitting
地点状语 :behind me
时态:过去进行时
翻译:一个年轻的男士和一个年轻的女士正坐在我的后面。
27 I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time
主语:I
谓语:stay
时间状语:until lunch time
时态:一般现在时
翻译:我有时待在床上直到午餐时间。
30The plane was late
主语: The plane
谓语: was
时态:过去时
翻译:飞机晚点了。
你好!我的解释如下:1、Are you ready or not 谓语前置系表结构选择疑问句,READY作表语。2、Do you ike the film or not 谓语前置主谓宾结构选择疑问句,此句DO是助动词,谓语为及物动词LIKE,FILM为宾语。3、This room is four times bigger than that one主系表结构比较句型THIS room为主语,four times bigger 为表语,THAN为连词,that one为被比较对象。4、this room is four times the size of that one主系表结构陈述句,this room为主语,four times the size 为表语,of that one为介词短语作SIZE的定语5、He is too young to understand it主系表结构陈述句,too young to understand it为表语,其中不定式短语作 to understand it作方式状语,其逻辑主语是HE,直接宾语是代词IT,其意应参考上下文理解。6、But that would get very boring, so rather than do that, let's draw a pictureBut that would get very boring,为连词BUT引导的主系表结构,代词that作主语,GET起系动词的作用,其它部分为表语。so rather than do that, 连词SO和rather than引导一个短语,其逻辑主语是‘我们’,that是DO的宾语,与前句中THAT是一件事物。let's draw a picture为祈使句,let是谓语,US是间接宾语,draw a picture为不定式短语作LET的直接宾语,a picture是不定式的宾语。7、Many people protest against killing wild animals for food主谓宾结构陈述句,Many people为主语,不及物动词protest与against作谓语, killing wild animals for food为现在分词短语作宾语,wild animals又作KILLING的宾语,for food介词短语作动名词短语的目的状语8、Or it could be less Or it could be more, if the jury wants to punish the losing party and set an example for others。Or it could be less Or it could be more为连词OR引导的两个条件句的结果,it为主语,助动词的过去式CAN表示虚拟,LESS和MORE为形容词作表语。连词if引导的条件句式。The jury为主语,谓语动词wants,不定式短语to punish the losing party作wants的宾语,the losing party作to punish的宾语,其逻辑主语是The jury。
1,C
肯定句用是some,否定句用any
2,B
两者的用B或D,但either是两者其中之一,与题意不符,both是两者都有
3,A
两者的否定用neither,BC都是肯定的,D是三者的
4,这题可能有问题……
5,A
翻译:是不是所有要去旅行的东西都准备好了?
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