英语中的句子成分详解！

英语的句子成分主要有七类。分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语。

1、主语：主语说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定时（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句均可充当主语。

例句：A light wind disturbed the surface of the water微风使水面泛起涟漪。（名词短语作主语）

2、谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。

例句：I have tried this way three times我用这种方法试了三次。

3、表语：表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。

例句：Anita is a Canadian安妮塔是加拿大人。（名词作表语）

4、宾语：宾语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语等，双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。

例句：We love pace我们热爱和平。（直接宾语）

5、同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释说明。

例句：They each can get a chance to travel by air（代词作同位语）

6、定语：定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语。

例句：It is a difficult problem这是一个棘手的问题。（形容词作前置定语）

7、状语：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子的一种成分。

例句：Arriving there，call me up到了之后，给我来个电话。（现在分词作状语）

扩展资料：

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分，其他处于次要部分。英语中的基本句型为主语+谓语；主语+谓语+宾语；主语+连系动词+表语；主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

参考资料：

He was a good swimmmer, so he ______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank

A, could B, might C, succeeded to D, was able to

情态动词每次易错 就像本题 ABC 解释不出个所以然啊。。。

答：D

译：他是个游泳好手，所以小船下沉时，他游到了河岸。

析：表示成功做了某事，可以用succeeded in doing sth 或managed to do sth 还可以用was/were able to do sth

B表示可能，不妥。

这里关键是AD。

当表示过去的“能力”时，两者通用：I could/ was able to swim when I was 8 years old

但表示“过去成功地做了某事”，只能用后者，不能用could

48个英语音标表-附一个flash实现的音标的读音（图文+视频）

http://wwwrrtingcom/English/Pronunciation/119248/

在网上找了很久，好像都找不到，越基础越难找，经典的东西，献给初学的朋友

48个英语音标表

26个字母发音表

元音字母和辅音字母分类表

附一个flash实现的音标的读音

英语国际音标1

《高中英语语法-句子成分》由英语我整理,更多请访问:https://wwwliuxue86com/english/。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

句子成分

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular(名词)

We often speak English in class(代词)

One-third of the students in this class are girls(数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure(不定式)

Smoking does harm to the health(动名词)

The rich should help the poor(名词化的形容词)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided(主语从句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks He has caught a bad cold (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

Our teacher of English is an American(名词)

Is it yours(代词)

The weather has turned cold(形容词)

The speech is exciting(分词)

Three times seven is twenty one(数词)

His job is to teach English(不定式)

His hobby(爱好)is playing football(动名词)

The machine must be out of order(介词短语)

Time is up The class is over(副词)

The truth is that he has never been abroad(表语从句)

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday(名词)

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time(代词)

How many dictionaries do you have I have five(数词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday(名词化形容词)

He pretended not to see me(不定式短语)

I enjoy listening to popular music(动名词短语)

I think(that)he is fit for his office(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

His father named him Dongming(名词)

They painted their boat white(形容词)

Let the fresh air in(副词)

You mustn't force him to lend his money to you(不定式短语)

We saw her entering the room(现在分词)

We found everything in the lab in good order(介词短语)

We will soon make our city what your city is now(从句)

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilin is a beautiful city(形容词)

China is a developing country; America is a developed country(分词)

There are thirty women teachers is our school(名词)

His rapid progress in English made us surprised(代词)

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom(不定式短语)

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out(动名词)

He is reading an article about how to learn English(介词短语)

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Light travels most quickly(副词及副词性词组)

He has lived in the city for ten years(介词短语)

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination(不定式短语)

He is in the room making a model plane(分词短语)

Wait a minute(名词)

Once you begin, you must continue(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

How about meeting again at six(时间状语)

Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain(原因状语)

I shall go there if it doesn't rain(条件状语)

Mr Smith lives on the third floor(地点状语)

She put the eggs into the basket with great care(方式状语)

She came in with a dictionary in her hand(伴随状语)

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder(目的状语)

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately(结果状语)

She works very hard though she is old(让步状语)

I am taller than he is(比较状语)

练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

1 The students got on the school bus

2 He handed me the newspaper

3 I shall answer your question after class

4 What a beautiful Chinese painting!

5 They went hunting together early in the morning

6 His job is to train swimmers

7 He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing

8 There is going to be an American film tonight

9 He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow

10 His wish is to become a scientist

11 He managed to finish the work in time

12 Tom came to ask me for advice

13 He found it important to master English

14 Do you have anything else to say

15 To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good

16 Would you please tell me your address

17 He sat there, reading a newspaper

18 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy

19 He noticed a man enter the room

20 The apples tasted sweet

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(-)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):

I hope you are very well I'm fine, but tired Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm August is the hottest month here It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat We have a lot of machines on the farm Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him But he employs more men for the harvest My brother takes care of the vegetable garden It doesn't often rain in the summer here As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden Every evening we pump water from a well It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden

三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(-)、状语(=)、补语(~):

Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time These parties often make us very happy We cook meat on an open fire outside It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion Some of my friends drink beer I don't, because I have to drive home after the party In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States There are five different time areas in the States In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time How many different time areas do you have in China Well, I must stop and get some sleep Please give my best regards to your parents

四、选择填空:

( )1 ____ will leave for Beijing

A Now there the man B The man here now

C The man who is here now D The man is here now

( ) 2 The weather ____

A wet and cold B is wet and cold C not wet and cold D were wet and cold

( ) 3 The apple tasted ____

A sweets B sweetly C nicely D sweet

( ) 4 He got up ____ yesterday morning

A lately B late C latest D latter

( )5 The actor ______at the age of 70

A dead B died C dyed D deaded

( )6 ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest

A We, us B Us, we C We, our D We, we

( )7 He found the street much ______

A crowd B crowding C crowded D crowdedly

( ) 8I think _____necessary to learn English well

A its B it C that D that is

( ) 9 The dog ____ mad

A looks B is looked C is being looked D was looked

( )10I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army

A that B when C in which D where 《高中英语语法-句子成分》由英语我整理,更多请访问:https://wwwliuxue86com/english/

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。

顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。

Helikeswatch'ingTV他喜欢看电视。

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。

一般可分为两类：

1)，简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。

Westud'yforthepeo'ple我们为人民学习。

2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式

Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish我可以说一点英语。

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。

Mysis'terisanurse我姐姐是护士。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。

WelikeEng'lish我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。

Hegavemesom'eink他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：

Wemakehimourmon'itor我们选他当班长。

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。

Heisanewstu'dent他是个新生。

但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。

Thebikeintheroomismine房间里的自行车是我的。

6、状语

修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

HelivesinLon'don他住在伦敦。

补充：从句介绍

从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的， 但是它不能视为独立的句子，因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组例如： 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well （状语从句）许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话，所以他们认为在**院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me （主语从句） 他来与不来对我都一样。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured（宾语从句）什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。 4） China is not what it used to be （表语从句）中国不是它过去的样子了。 5） Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals （同位语从句）有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品？ 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government （定语从句） 税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。 如果将上面的复合句中所有的从句都独立出来，那将是这样的： 1） Because they talk at home while the television is on 2） Whether he comes or not 3） what money is and how money is measured 4） what it used to be 5） that the food of plant differs from that of animals 6） that people pay to support their government 我们很容易看出，上面的所有这些句子既不是陈述句、疑问句，也不是祁使句，更不是感叹句。也就是说，它们不是独立的句子；也只有在附属于主句后才能获得意义如下：1）因为许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话 2）他来与不来 3)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币 4)它过去的样子5)植物性食品不同于动物性食品6）人们支持政府而交的上面的这些句子在我们中文里如同是人们常说的"半截话"；在英文中也就是个"词或词组"了。 B 我们虽然说过，从句自身的句子结构基本是完整的，但是它不同于"独立句子"的是--每个从句的最前面都好象"戴了顶帽子"即：从属关系词。由此可以看出，从句的另一个特点是：从属关系词总是立于从句之首 C 从句的再一个特点是:一般说来（除少数倒装的情况外），从句中的语序应该是正常语序。 D 关于从句种类的划分有两种方法：按从句的词性划分和按从句的句子功能划分。如果按从句的词性划分，从句可分为三种：名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句。如果按从句的句子功能划分（也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分），从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。其实，这两种划分从句的方法在逻辑上是一致的我们知道，能在句子里充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的往往是名词、代词等，所以名词从句涵盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。形容词和副词常分别在句中担当定语和状语，所以，形容词从句和副词从句其实分别是定语从句和状语从句。 名词从句名词从句在句中是一个相当于名词的主谓结构。我们在前面说过，名词从句含盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接这些从句与主句的关系词主要有三类： 1从属连词：that（无有词义） , whether（是否） ,if （是否） 2关系代词：who（谁，主格） , whom（谁，宾格）,whose谁的，所有格） , what（什么）,which（哪个，哪些） 3关系副词：when（什么时候） where（什么地方）why（为什么） , how（怎样） 名词从句中的从属连词在从句里不担任任何成分，只起连接的作用；而关系代词和关系副词不仅仅是起连接的作用，而且还在从句里担任一定的成分;关系代词常在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分；关系副词常在从句中担任状语。另外，在使用上面的这些关系词时，有几个问题值得我们注意：首先，只能用whether而不能用if的情况 1）引导主语从句，例如： Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided （正确）我们是否要为这个项目还没有定下来。 OR: It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project （正确） If we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided （错误） OR: It has not been decided if we'll make a loan for the project （错误） 2）作介词的宾语，例如： I have no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car （正确）我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。 I have no idea about if I can raise the money for buying a car （错误） 3）后接不定式 ，例如： He didn't know whether to go all himself first or wait for her here(正确)他不知道是他自己先去还是在这儿等她。 He didn't know if to go all himself or wait for her here （错误） 4）后接or not ，例如： We wonder whether they'll come in time or not(正确) 我们担心他们会不会准时到。 We wonder if they'll come in time or not （错误）其次，what引导的名词从句表达的意思是"……所……的"。这个"所怎么的"定义根据"从句谓语的动作意义"而定。例如： I don't understand what you said我不理解你所说的话。 What he needs is to practice more他所需要的是勤于练习。 Money is what she is really after金钱是她所真正追求的东西。 People have different ideas about what happiness means 人们对于幸福的含义有不同见解。最后，要了解 -ever = no matter ，用于表示强调，意为"无论……"。也就是说： whatever = no matter what（无论什么） whoever = no matter who（无论谁） whichever = no matter which（无论那个） whenever =no matter when （无论何时） wherever = no matter where（无论何地） however = no matter how （无论怎样） A 主语从句用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。例如： Whether he'll come or not remains a question 他是否会来依然是一个问题。 Whoever says that is not allowed 无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 That she reads English aloud every morning helps her a lot in the improvement of her English study 她每天早晨朗读英文对提高她的英语学习起了很大的作用。 要点提示在使用主语从句中，有几个问题值得我们注意： 1）尽管主从连词that在主语从句中没有任何意义,但一般不能省略。 That there is no elevator in the building is the critical inconvenience 这幢楼里没有电梯是极大的不便之处。 It is necessary (that) he have his further study incollege(当主语从句在后面时，连词that可以省去)他在大学进一步深造是完全必要的。 2）为了保持句子平衡或在正式文体中,常用先行It代替主语从句而将主语从句置于句末。 It remains a question Whether he'll come or not 他是否会来，依然是一个问题。 It is not allowed Whoever says that 无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 3）在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中，由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。这类形容词/ 名词常见的有： essential（绝对必要的）, important（重要的）, advisable（明智的）, desirable（希望能够的）, imperative（必须的）, natural（自然的）, necessary必要的）, regretful（遗憾的）, strange（奇怪的）, proper（适当的）, urgent（紧急的）, duty（义务、责任）, a pity （遗憾）, no wonder（难怪）, a regret（遗憾）。例如： It is strange that he ( should ) say so 他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is a wonder that he should have passed the exam 他这次考试居然会及格，真是个奇迹。 4）以what引导的主语从句常用于句首表示强调。 What they need now is financial aid 他们现在所需要的是经济援助。 What she thinks of me doesn't mean much to me 她怎么样看我，对我来说无所谓。 What you have said hurt her a lot 你所说的话对她伤害很大。 B 宾语从句用作谓语动词、介词以及非谓语动词形式的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。也就是说,只要是用一个主谓结构去充当宾语，那么这个主谓结构就称为宾语从句。 例如： I believe that he will find a job in that publisher （作谓语动词的宾语）我相信，他一定会在那家出版社找到工作。 He laughed at what they said （作介词的宾语）她对他们说的话，一笑置之。 要点提示在使用宾语从句中，有几个问题值得我们注意： 1）宾语从句与主句的时态一致性问题这种一致性的要求,只有当主句的谓语动词用于"过去时区"的时候才存在。凡是在"过去时区"内的各种不同时态都在其中。另外，这种一致性只要求宾语从句的谓语动词也用于"过去时区"即可，至于用什么样具体的时态就要依从句的需要而定了。 He had told me that he would join the club sometime 他曾经告诉我说，他会在某个时候参加俱乐部的。 I remembered that I had met him somewhere 我记得我曾在哪儿见过他。 She thought that she would have finished what she was doing by the end of the month 她认为在那个月底她将完成她手头上做的事。 2）if引导的宾语从句不能作介词的宾语，而只有用whether引导才行。这一点在上面刚刚讲过（略） 3）某些动词后面，宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟式。这一点已在"虚拟语气"一章中讨论过了，本章只作简单的复习。这类要求宾语从句的谓语用虚拟式的动词，常见的有：command（命令）, demand（要求）, desire（希望）, insist（坚持）, order（命令）, propose（提议）, recommend（推荐）, request（要求）, require（要求）, suggest（建议），等。例如： He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan 他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。 C 表语从句在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后例如： The problem is where we can hold our meeting 问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。 It seems that everything goes smoothly 似乎一切都进行得很顺利。 The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed 其原因是水的温度低于所需要的温度。 That is what he really wants 那就是他真想要的东西。 D 同位语从句同位语从句就是在句子中担当同位语的主谓结构在使用同位语从句时要特别注意：尽管主从连词that在同位语从句中没有任何意义，但却不能省略。另外，同位语从句常用于下面这些名词的后面（其中，斜体字的名词后面所接的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气）： fact（事实）, fear（担心、害怕）, belief（信念,意见）, evidence（证据）, hope（希望）, idea（想法） news（新闻）, doubt（怀疑）, suggestion（建议）, motion（动议）, proposal（提议）, order（命令）, recommendation（推荐），等等。例如： There is the news that an American delegation will arrive in Beijing tomorrow afternoon 有消息说一个美国代表团将于明天下午抵达北京。 Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals 是否有任何证据可以说明植物性的食物不同于动物性的食物呢？ We all know the fact that organization helps memorization 我们都知道这样一个事实：把要记忆的材料组织起来有助于记忆。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening 他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧，你觉得怎么样？