请讲述定语从句

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名次性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。

一、 限定性定语从句

1 that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2 which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

4 who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5 where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6 when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks

I still remember the first time I met her

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc

7 whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1 which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3 有时as也可用作关系代词

4 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

一定语从句及相关术语

1定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二关系代词引导的定语从句

1who指人，在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One

(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way

2 whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus

(2) Mr Ling is just the boy whom I want to see

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend

3 which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday

4 that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning

5 whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired

(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired

(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow

(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow

三介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous

(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous

(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for

(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked

(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about

(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked

注意：1 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for (T)

(2) This is the watch for which I am looking (F)

2 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend (T)

(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend (F)

(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable (T)

(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable (F)

3 “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him

(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad

(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities

四．关系副词引导的定语从句

1 when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school

(2) The time when we got together finally came

2 where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down

3 why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up

(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born

五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开

意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整

译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句

关系词的使用上 A．做宾语时可省略 B。可用that

C．可用who代替whom A．不可省 B。不用that

C。不用who代替whom

限制性定语从句举例：

(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on

(2) China is a country which has a long history

非限制性定语从句举例：

(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him

(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）

(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college

他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）

难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr Li has said

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world

(3) All that can be done has been done

(4) There is little that I can do for you

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing

2 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben

3 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I have seen

4 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

5 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most

6 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1) He married her, as/which was natural

(2) He was honest, as/which we can see

2 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry

3 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as

(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week

注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

(1) The way in which/ that// he answered the question was surprising

(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1) There are very few but understand his idea ( but= who don’t )

(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London 定语从句

(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear 同位于从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分

(1) The news he told me is true

(2) The news that he has just died is true

(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money 定语

(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve

3 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful 同位语

(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice

(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all

(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth

　定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫做定语从句

　(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句

　(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词

　关系词的作用：

　1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词；

　2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语） 常用的关系代词:that、 which、 who、whom、whose 在从句中作主语,宾语),常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when、why、 where

　The student who answered the question was John

　句子中 who answered the question 是定语从句,修饰the student

　I know the reason why he was so angry

　why he was so angry 作the reason 的定语

　The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother

　you are talking to 作The boy的定语

　I'd like a room whose window faces south

　whose window faces south作room的'定语,room与 window是所属关系,因此用关系代词whose

　能不能看懂呢

附：定语从句详解

　定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

　关系副词有：when, where, why等。

　关系代词引导的定语从句

　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

　1）who, whom, that

　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

　Is he the man who/that wants to see you

　他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday

　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

　2） Whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down  那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

　Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

定语从句

定语从句就是修饰名词的从句，被修饰的名词称为先行词(Antecedent)。定语从句由关系代词(Relative Pronoun)和关系副词(Relative Adverb)引导，前者在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，后者在从句中作状语。

1．关系代词的选择

先行词为事物时，关系代词用which或that；先行词指一个模糊的、一般的人时，who和that都适宜。如：

I need someone who can do the work quickly．

我需要能够迅速完成这项工作的人。

当先行词指一个具体的、特定的人时，多用who。如：

The aunt who came to see us last week is my father’s sister．

上星期来看我们的姑姑是我父亲的姐姐。

先行词指物，前面又有一个不定代词、最高级形容词或序数词修饰时，关系代词多用that。如：

He has got all the tools that we need．他有我们需要的所有工具。

This is the funnest film that has come from the studio．

这是那个制片厂制作的最滑稽的**。

The first statement that was issued gave very few details．

最先发布的声明没有公布什么细节。

先行词本身为不定代词时，关系代词多用that。如：

The government has promised to do all that lies in its power to alleviate the hardships of the people．

政府承诺尽其一切力量减轻人民的苦难。

关系代词在从句中作表语时，只能用that或which，不能用who或whom，但可以省略。如：

John is not the man (that/which) he was years ago．

约翰已不再是多年前的他了。

当先行词和定语从句被其他句子成分隔开时，用who或which较为恰当，用that容易造成句子结构不清楚。如：

A war broke out which lasted for forty years．

一场延续了四十年的战争爆发了。

Anybody can explain this who knows English grammar．

任何懂得英语语法的人都能解释这一点。

先行词为集合名词时，如果该词指一个整体，则关系代词用which；如果指组成整体的所有成员，则关系代词用who。如：

Our team, who are all in good form, will do well in the coming matches．

我们组织良好的队伍在未来赛事中一定会表现出色。

Our team, which placed second last year, played even better this year．

去年排名第二的我们队今年打得更为出色。

2．介词十关系代词

有时关系代词之前要用介词。“介词＋关系代词”在从句中作状语。如：

The world is stage, on which every role will find a player．—Middleton

世界是个舞台，各种角色都是人扮演。（英）米德尔顿

This is a question in which people are interested．这是人们感兴趣的问题。

A bottle opener is a tool with which bottles are opened．

开瓶器是用来打开瓶盖的工具。

当介词＋关系代词作地点状语、时间状语时，它们常常可以被where，when或why代替。如：

The malls of the future will be small cities where/in which you can shop．

eat, and see a film and even dance．

未来的购物街会像一个个小商城，你可以在那里购物、就餐、看**甚至跳舞。

He was born on the day/when his father died．他在父亲去世的那一天出生。

This is another reason which/why food gram has to be imported．

这是必须进口谷物的另一原因。

重点提示

对于定语从句，基于意义上的需要，可以在some, any, few, several, many, most, all, both, noce, neither, either, each, enough, half, one, two等词和形容语最高级之后接of whom或of which。如：

The North Island is famous for an area of an anrea of hot springs．some of which throw hot water hight into the air．

北岛是著名的温泉胜地，有些温泉的热水能高高地喷向半空。

New Zealand has a population of about 38 million people, of which about fourteen percent are Maori．

新西兰大约有380万人口，其中大约14％是毛利人。

The tomatoes, half of which have gone bad, are in a basket．

放在篮子里西红柿有一半已经烂掉了。

The car ran into a crowd of people, several of whom were sent to hospital immediate．汽车撞进了人群，其中好几个人立即被送望医院。

I met the table tennis players, two of whom were studying in university．

我见到了那些乒乓球选手，其中有两人正在大学就读。

3．限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)表示一种区别意义，它帮助读者或听者把先行词所指的人或物与其他的人或物区别开来。没有它，先行词所指的人或物就会模糊不清。非限定性定语从句(Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)表示一种附加意义，它对先行词作附带说明。省了它，先行词所指的人或物仍然明确清楚。如：

My uncle is a man who believes in discipline．我叔叔是个十分守纪的人。

My uncle, who believes in discipline, is very strict with his children．

我那十分守纪的叔叔对他的孩子们很严格。

Beijing, which is the capital of China, will hold 2008 Olympic Games．

北京是中国的首都，将主办2008年奥林匹克运动会。

Animals and plants must have a habitat or home, which is comfortable and clean．

动植物必须拥有一个栖息地或家园，而这个栖息地应舒适、清洁。

重点提示

修饰整个主句的定语从句为非限定性定语从句。这种定语从句由which或as引导。如果用which引导，定语从句位于主句之后；如果用as引导，定语从句可以位于主句之后，也可以位于主句之前。which或as指整个主句。如：

We can’t do without rules, which/as you know．

＝As you know, we can’t do without rules．你知道的，没有规矩不行。

He failed the exam, which/as was natural．

＝As was natural, he failed the exam．他没有考及格，这很自然。

All the schools will reopen on 1st September, which/as announced in today’s papers．

＝As is announced in today’s newspapers, all the schools will reopen on lst September．正如报上的通告，所有学校都将在九月一日重新开学。

在这类定语从句中，关系代词as作主语时，其后面必须有动词be；否则只能用which引导的定语从句。如：

He admires Mr Brown very much, which surprises me．

他很崇拜布朗先生，这使我觉得很奇怪。

He arrived half an hour late, which annoyed us all．

他迟到了半小时，我们都生气了。

所有定语从句的试题都可分成两种基本题型，它们有各自的解题钥匙。

一、基本题型一及解题钥匙

基本题型一：先行词+关系词直接引导定语从句

解题钥匙：唯成份论

说明：用什么关系词直接引导定语从句，唯一取决于先行词在从句中的作用，即取决于先行词在从句中作什么成份，若先行词在从句中相当于代词作用，则应使关系代词who/whom/which/whose/as引导定语从句，而先行词在从句中相当于副词作用，则应使用关系副词when/where/why引导定语从句。

例1：Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______, of course, made the others unhappy(NMET 2000)

A、who B、which C、this D、what

析：选B，先行词为整个主句，在从句中作主语，所以应使用关系代词，但that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以只能使用which。

例2：After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a a child(NMET 96)

A、which B、where C、that D、when

析：选B，因为先行词the small town表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应使用关系副词where。

区别于：This is the small town ______ is often praised

A、which B、where C、when D、who

析：选A，先行词the small town仍表地点，但在从句中作主语应属关系代词范畴。

二、基本题型二及解题钥匙

基本题型二：先行词+特定词汇+关系代词which/whom引导定语从句。

说明：特定词词汇通常为：

1、介词(包括复杂介词)

2、数词(包括不定量数词)+of

3、其它词汇(表所属关系)+of

解题钥匙：定语从句与先行词联系论

说明：要找出用什么特定词汇引导定语从句，方法是将定语从句和先行词联系成一个完整的句子，此时缺什么词，特定词汇就由什么词担任。

例1：In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ______ she could turn for help(NMET 92)

A、that B、who C、from whom D、to whom

析：选D，根据定语从句与先行词联系论，可得到这样一个句子：She could turn ______ the single person for help，显然该句缺介词to，因此应用to whom(其先行词指入)引导定语从句。

例2：He paid the boy for washing ten windows, most of ______ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year(NMET 90)

A、these B、those C、that D、which

析：选D，因为根据定语从句与先行词联系论，可得到这样一个句子：most of the ten windows hadn't been cleaned for at least a year most of which正体现了不定量数词+of which引导定语从句的特点。

注意上述特定词汇前不能加and、but等连词，否则就不能使用定语从句，而应将whom、which改成them，如：

I have many friends and the tallest of ______ is LiPing

A、who B、whom C、them D、which

析：选C，因为特定词汇the tallest前面有连词and，所以不能使用定语从句。

汉语中宾语前面的定语成分与主语前面的定语成分一样，大多数实词和短语都可以做定语。例如：

1、最有名的是（北京）的名胜。（名词）

2、这里有（美丽）的星湖。（形容词）

3、正在吃饭的是（参观）的人们。（动词）

4、我最爱的学校还是（我们）的母校（代词）

5、门口有（一堆）木头。（数量）

6、我看中的是（那件）衣服。（指量）

7、他感到自己是（光荣而幸福）的人。（联合）

8、夏天的草原呈现出（最迷人）的景色。（状中/偏正）

9、他就熟悉的是（鲁镇的酒店）的柜台。（定中/偏正）

10、学校表扬了（爱清洁）的小朋友。（动宾）

11、今天他穿上了（洗干净）的衣服。（动补/中补）

12、给人印象最深刻的是那个（兴奋得两眼发光）的小姑娘。（形补/中补）

13、今天我才听到（他来了）的消息。（主谓）

可以说，除副词性词语以外的词和短语都能做宾语的定语。

定语

1定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 简单地说，就是说明对象是怎么样的。在汉语中，作定语的有形容词、数量词、名词、代词，也可由其他词或短语充当。在汉语中，如果看到”……的……“，一般前面的那个词就做定语，比如”漂亮的妈妈“，定语就是”漂亮“。

2具体说明如下：(括号内为定语)

（暖和）的阳光照着（平静）的湖水。形容词作定语，说明阳光是怎样的，湖水是怎样的

我给大家讲（一个）故事。数量词作定语，说明故事有多少个

（今天）的报纸看过吗？ 名词作定语，说明报纸是哪天的

（我们）的历史有（自己）的特点。代词作定语，说明是谁的历史，是什么样的特点

3下面是几点说明：

A 在句子中，结构助词“的”前用来修饰、限制名词的词或短语就是定语。也就是说，结构助词“的”是定语的标志。

例如：（海南）的工业发展很快。（名词作定语）

B 有时定语后可不带“的”。

例如：这里盖起了（一座）房子。（数量词作定语）

C 名词前有时定语不止一个。

例如：（我们学校）的（两位）（有三十年教龄）的（语文）老师当上了代表。（数量词作定语）（动词短语作定语）（名词作定语）

D 定语的位置在主语前面，和宾语前面。

例如：（小明）的爸爸是（一名）教师。（代词作定语）（数量词作定语）

（夜幕下）的黑翼。（方位短语作定语）

状语

状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。在不同的语言中“状语”有不同的作用。中文状语是动词或形容词前面的连带成分，用来修饰、限制动词或形容词，表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等。简单点说，就是状语是用来修饰动词和形容词的，说明一个动作是怎样的，说明一个状态是怎样的。

2具体的例子如下：[中括号内为状语]

他[已经]走了说明动词”走“的情况是已经完成了的

咱们[北京]见说明动词”见“这个动作是在北京见的

歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆说明是谁进入了回忆

科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权说明科技是怎样战胜神权的

3状语常以以下形式出现:

   1副词、形容词经常做状语

   2表示时间、处所的名词经常做状语,一般名词不做状语,动词中除助动词外很少做状语

   3介词结构常做状语

状语说白了，就是修饰动作的词，也可以理解成修饰谓语的词。

你好，满意望采纳，谢谢！这里很多都是从里复制的，加上了一些说明，如果有问题可追问~

定语从句结构为：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句

1、先行词指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。

2、关系词作用：连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。指代先行词。在定语从句中担当成分。

3、定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、分词短语）汉语中常用“……的”表示。

从句在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。

定语 从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

扩展资料：

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

which在定语从句中指物，可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语，作宾语时可省略；that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物。

在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时可省略，指人时，相当于who或whom，指物时，相当于which，作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that前，当介词提前时，需要用which或whom来代替。

关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语。

1、that既可代表事物也可代表人，“which”代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，“which”在从句省略。[eg：This is the book （which）you want]

2、如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面，但有的则放在它前面的位置。

——定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。 181 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 182 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside

（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year

（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

内容提要

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

一、 限定性定语从句

1 that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2 which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

4 who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5 where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6 when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks

I still remember the first time I met her

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc

7 whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1 which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3 有时as也可用作关系代词

4 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

So we should do something ( that ) we can to help stop smoking

主句：主语we，谓语should do , 宾语 something 。

定语从句：that 关系代词，代替something 在定语从句中作can后面省去的do的宾语，之所以可以省去是因为主句中已经出现了do。to help stop smoking 动词不定式短语作目的状语。

全句汉语意思是：所以我应该做我们能做的事情去帮助制止吸烟。