茱莉蔻手机来自澳洲的一个主打植物草本护肤的品牌,喜欢茱莉蔻家的护肤品的女人,来自各个年龄阶段,各种社会地位。这足以说明茱莉蔻家的护肤品的口碑和功效是比较优秀的。今天小编主要介绍的是这款Jurlique茱莉蔻玫瑰衡肌花卉水100ML产品,下面来看看。
1、产品的测评
产品名称:Jurlique茱丽玫瑰衡肌花卉水
RosewaterBalancingMist
容量:100ML
产地:澳洲
产品说明:
玫瑰衡肤花卉水是Julique的十大明星产品之一,是一款保湿及维持中性肌肤平衡的花卉水,蕴含玫瑰及沼泽锦葵的天然能量,能有效保湿及修护肌肤,并具爽肤功效。
玫瑰衡肤花卉水富含玫瑰精油、浓缩植物萃取精华的花卉水,可快速渗透皮肤,有效地补充皮肤水份,对皮肤有再生、镇静、补水、爽肤、安抚的作用,适合所有皮肤使用。
玫瑰衡肤花卉水中含有“茱丽”庄园中种植的古老玫瑰品种,通过“生化精质萃取法”提炼的玫瑰精华油,并含有少量芦荟,对皮肤有再生、镇静、补水、爽肤、安抚的作用,适合所有皮肤使用,特别是在空调环境及干燥空气下皮肤保湿,并有很好的减轻压力的作用。
使用方法:喷在掌心1—2喷用手指轻拍在面部,或距离面部20公分直接喷洒,可在彩妆后使用。
玫瑰衡肤花卉水主要成份:玫瑰精华、天然酒精、芦荟、玫瑰油、芦荟精华、葡萄柚籽精华等。
这款玫瑰衡肤花卉水是jurlique的十大明星产品之一,畅销全球,收到众多打牌时尚明星的钟爱。
2、熬夜护肤方法
1在最好的时机进行皮肤保养
即使要熬夜到凌晨1点,也要在10点之前卸妆保湿。因为人体皮肤在晚上10∶00~11∶00点之间会进入晚间保养状态。在这个时间段前,我们需要提前做好保养准备,先用卸妆乳卸掉妆容,再用温和的洁面用品清洁面部,最后涂抹含有充足水分和养分的保湿营养乳液。如果睡前感到肌肤油腻,可用保湿爽肤水擦去面部油脂,再抹一层乳霜。
2早上也要用洁面乳洗脸
早上为了在床上多睡几分钟,往往醒后偷懒而不用洁面乳,这也是不可取的,尤其在熬夜加班后。皮肤经过一整夜的新陈代谢,其实并不像你所想象的那么干净,如果污垢没有清洁干净,之后又化妆,就很容易堵塞毛孔,产生黑头、粉刺等。所以还是要用洗面奶清洁面部。
3肌肤按摩因人而异,需注意时间
按摩确实能给肌肤带来立竿见影的效果,尤其适用于血液循环不畅的熬夜脸。但按摩时间需因人而异,一般来说,中性皮肤的按摩时间为10分钟左右。干性皮肤的按摩时间一般为10--15分钟。油性皮肤的按摩时间应控制在10分钟之内。过敏性皮肤则最好不要做按摩。
4保湿精华放在所有精华之后
熬夜加班会使肌肤缺水干燥,所以保湿就显得格外重要了。只有当细胞“喝足水分”之后才能维持代谢平衡。这时,你可以将保湿精华液放在所有的精华类产品之后使用,这样能将之前所有的滋润成分牢牢锁住并加速渗透。
5补充大量维他命
在每日服用复合维他命补剂的同时,熬夜之前要额外补充一些维他命C和维他命E作为当晚肌肤修复的必要加餐。这两种维他命都具有很强的抗氧化效果,维他命C能够抑制络氨酸酶的形成,防止熬夜之后的肤色不均,避免色斑产生并加深。而维他命E是人体新陈代谢核细胞合成必不可少的物质,能够减缓衰老、净化血液、帮助提升气色。
6多吃对皮肤好的水果蔬菜
(1)胡萝卜。胡萝卜是美容食物大王,它含有丰富的果胶物质,能帮助人体排除有害物质,让肌肤看起来更润泽细腻。同时,其所含的B胡萝卜素还能抗氧化和美白肌肤,预防黑色素沉淀,清除多余角质。
(2)柠檬。柠檬中含有维生素B1和维生素B2等多种营养成分,此外还含有丰富的有机酸、柠檬酸等抗氧化强的成分。对促进肌肤新词代谢、延缓衰老很有帮助。
(3)黄瓜。黄瓜味道鲜美,脆嫩清香,备受女生青睐,它富含人体生长发育和生命活动必须的糖类和氨基酸,丰富的维生素为皮肤、肌肉提供充足的养分,可以有效对抗老化皮肤,减少皱纹。其所含果酸还能清洁美白肌肤。
(4)樱桃。樱桃自古以来就是美容果,它的汁液能帮助面部皮肤恢复嫩白红润,同时去皱清斑,是不少护肤产品中添加的护肤元素。其所含维生素C,含铁量是山楂的13倍,苹果的20倍。除了含铁以外,还含有平衡皮脂分泌的维生素A,可以活化细胞。
资生堂的产品线确实令人眼花缭乱的各种程度的。我们常见的她家的产品,大多属于以下四个拥有
生堂集团的企业系统。
:资生堂国际(有的媒体称之为“国际柜)
:资生堂化妆品(一些媒体称为东京柜)
第三:FITIT资生堂
:FT资生堂(第三个和第四个可能是有些水货店说:“国产品牌”)
资生堂国际,顾名思义,是海外销售,凝聚资生堂百年精华,拥有
大盛它嗯的标志去海外打球。包括护肤品的化妆D程序,土黄,BOP,风姿系列,该系列是不是有很多的清晰,简洁。化妆,皮肤护理,老化和修复,敏感的皮肤,一目了然。包装精美雅致,充满了高品质感。国内大型城市,如北京,上海,的
资生堂计数器在高档百货店销售,主要ShiseidoInternational的产品,在日本的同时,该系统的产品,只有卖中高档的百货公司。
第二,日本资生堂化妆品,众多系列,包括护肤品,彩妆,香水,男士化妆品,化妆,道具,高级百货公司,药店和超市专柜,传统的妆店在日本的销售渠道,价格,性能,高级的产品,每天有一般的专柜销售**介绍和推荐最合适的顾客。该系统的产品和包装精美,,会有一个精致的纸盒包装瓶,前面的瓶子必须有一个独立的资生堂八个字母的字母表。
资生堂FITIT,采取开架式销售,低价路线。的包装比较简单,瓶大型户外漂亮的透明塑料盒。瓶子是一般不直接资生堂的前八个字母,只有在制造商的身份在后面的瓶子,
第四,FT资生堂的话。资生堂生活日用品的专用商标。产品包括洗发水,沐浴,卫生用品,也有很便宜的护肤产品,在药店和超市开架式销售,包装更简单,一些透明的塑料盒包装,有的干脆简单只是外包一层塑料薄膜。前的瓶子是唯一的产品名称,一般不直接
资生堂的英文字母背后的瓶子,FT资生堂商标标志。
以引进的市场,以看到的各种系列的资生堂以下。(不包括特殊系列的传统的美容店化妆品,香水,洗发水,沐浴类,化妆,道具,男性的化妆品单件的化妆,指甲抛光,护理的单件)。
第一系列的资生堂化妆品的第二大类别:(按字母顺序排列的商品排列)
●Acteaheart适用于50岁以上。含植物精华,能发挥雌激素的作用,改善皮肤干燥,松弛等老化的情况下,不知道这是人口老龄化和修理,买了护手霜,它是昂贵的,但是,真的很容易使用,二手润滑和白色,连我都被震惊了。
●和安耐晒中国的名字是安耐晒防晒效率。少油腻的感觉对皮肤温和。更好的透明度
●BX夜一个高效保湿润滑的美容液。可用于与任何系列。
C●化妆品房屋详细分类的仪器检测后,售楼**顾客的皮肤状况,为客户提供最适当的护理系列。有点量身定制的感觉。
●Dignita 30年的年龄或成熟皮肤的特别系列,包括护肤和彩妆。资生堂化妆品护理系列的第二大系统,Dignita是最先进的,她充分体现了30岁左右的成熟,美艳的女人。
EUDERMINE红色的液体中国的美称:红色梦露被喻为镇店之宝,卖了近一个世纪,仍然是代表资生堂的产品。高补水,去角质,活肤三重功效,资生堂的护肤品,改进后,在1997年推出。
●香水相思如美白美容液高丝雪肌精化妆水持续热卖在超过十年的时间里,资生堂推出了单件的美白化妆水的使用和功效类似雪肌精,只是提供非常受欢迎的,但是风头似乎总是输给雪肌精的。
●香水纯的老化角质化妆水,可以配合任何系列。
●药剂30岁的肌肤专用系列,包括护肤和彩妆。资生堂其销售的主要大众系列。广告代言人:小泉今日子。
Elserie护肤系列在20岁以下。
Evenese博士低刺激性专为敏感的皮肤护理系列。
Inoui颜色?外包装设计,从欧洲和美国顶级化妆师迪克?佩吉。提倡的自由和个性。商店是大富翁系列,彩妆系列PN叛逆系列,它是比较高档的。
●lostalot瘦脸霜,活化有助于面部皮肤的新陈代谢。拧紧的脸部线条。
●Optune设计超过20岁。然而,石油,但分水岭,反映了健康的皮肤。但是,效果就好像一般情况下,使用一次,对比效果和价格。广告代言人:江角真纪子。
●PN叛逆系列的化妆。在97年,前卫的形象,时尚的高灵敏度,是目前资生堂最亮眼的彩妆产品在日本市场的销售,特别是今年新推出的睫毛膏,很受欢迎。广告代言人:伊东美咲
●Proudia基金系列。强调知性,精致,完美的广告代言人:上原多香子。粉质很细,盖斑也好,容易掉妆,很好用的。
●Qiora线的芬芳精神放松,缓解疲劳,而在护理的皮肤。
Rivital成熟的皮肤护理特别系列岁以上的40人。皱纹,让人眼前一亮,紧致和有效率。专为抗老化
>
●S系列为年轻的都市女性设计,强调的关怀和美白隔离城市污染等恶劣的环境。分为两个系列的美白和标准护理,化妆。
BR />●TAPHY中面向年龄在25岁以下的年轻人,强调保湿,防止老化,逐渐开始后,25岁。的副线TAPHY轻微的皮肤过敏,容易年轻人设计的低刺激性的组系列
●加入购物车UV美白护理系列,该系列我用了大约三年,确实白了,它是真实的,但一般意义上使用的,虽然分为2种清爽,滋润,清爽型在夏季还是觉得很油。在冬天,他们只是觉得油,足够的维护,最终为其他品牌。
●whitess的单件美容液,资生堂的美白王牌。分为以下彻底护理,除斑,防晒3
资生堂国际系列。
资生堂International's的产品,专为海外市场,该系列产品是简洁的,
年轻女性设定的浮动油平衡色活颜悦尔丽丝系列基础护肤系列,百忧解系列单件的高效维护的基础上,再加上年龄修复希望的风姿系列,自然系列的全天然成分,敏感肌肤专用的D程序。化妆魅彩系列。
另外,将玉系列在国内专柜销售的,我还没有找到合适的信息,以后再补吧。
●,风姿风姿系列。专为中年的成熟性皮肤。适用于中型,干性皮肤,独特的成分包含特定的抗皮肤衰老,防止皮肤干燥角质,帮助皮肤细胞保持水分和养分,改善缺水的情况,减少光变 BR p>●BOP百优系列单轮护理系列。使用任何系列。
●D计划专为敏感肌肤设计的全套低刺激产品,包括洗发水,沐浴露,防晒霜,去痘霜,面部护理,身体护理。
●Pureness的是一群年轻人设计,柔和自然,强调彻底清洁,平衡PH值,控油防止面部油光和干燥。价格相对不是很昂贵,而且容易为青少年访问
●化妆魅彩系列。海外销售的资生堂化妆品生产线。彩妆系列Inoui为日本国内销售的其他两个PN叛逆系列,更加唯美,时尚,欧洲和美国
●活颜悦色的护肤品。基本的皮肤护理资生堂的海外销售。主张延缓衰老的未来健康的年轻肌肤的保湿养护。
●骑士PEAU的主要系列美容护肤资生堂集团的产品奠定了基础,最高级系列。可以说,她是资生堂在海外的一举的旗帜和爱美一族渴望的非凡的效果和昂贵的价格。
她游离于资生堂系列,资生堂骑士的PEAU BEAUTY分散。价格应该在700元左右一瓶,乳液最基本免税。的巅峰之作,被称为La奶油霜,25克一瓶卖3,600元。我的超级臭美党朋友的分期付款,牙齿的精英周买了一瓶只用了两次,用一个月的时间,不能等待给我打电话,说,“我从31岁到26岁的爱情这东西! “这一系列的化妆,无论从质地,颜色,堪称顶级作品。光润的基础上,世界著名的市场。
成品先进的贴纸来资生堂的副线产品。
>第三:资生堂FITIT
这个系列,很实惠,因此,资生堂的销售手段非常辉煌,超高级系列出售给日本国内经济高收入的年轻人,学生,不想付出太多的化妆品家庭主妇钞票。便宜的小东西,她为您提供金陵蓝领客户。,
国内网络商店卖便宜的资生堂,大概是这个的资生堂FITIT产品。在这些网站上,只要它是浸资生堂的东西方,和雅诗蓝黛和兰蔻,其实,不能被认为是同一级别,而不是同日而语。
●Asplir中国所谓爱停韩国或Aisibeiya的,经济的价格基础护理系列,该系列的代言人,在日本已经是一个36岁的山口智子,所以我怀疑这是一个30岁的熟龄肌肤的系列。事实上,我并没有使用,但听说效果还可以物有所值。,AS系列,许多网站营销Asplir。
●市的面纱防晒霜和晒后护理专用系列。行政美白防晒,防晒和行政痤疮,幼儿防晒品和其他商品 BR p>●豪华中国称为贵族,基础护理系列。
●FF中文名飞,飞的学生和其他年轻女孩的彩妆系列。便宜的,可爱的造型,色彩积极的,流行的,价格合适的,有些人喜欢它。
●,并呼吁亚历山德拉公主SELFIT中国。UP系列为成熟女性。
●的TISS乳液系列。对于年轻的女孩子,促进年轻和健康的皮肤深层清洁和滋润。使用非常简单,分为补水,保湿,去痘3。
命名白色生物群落●,WHITIA中国。美白护理系列的年轻女孩,这个价格是非常实惠的。优雅或海洋堂的UV WHITE优白系列的入门级产品,真的很舒服,很清爽美白的低成本版本,或年轻女孩一样。 p>
最后FT资生堂,那里的东西真的一天到一天,一个很偶然的,价格也便宜。
第四类:FT资生堂
FT资生堂资生堂健康的必需品商标。FITIT资生堂的产品,包括日用品洗发水,沐浴露,摩丝,妇女用品,很便宜的护肤系列,在超市和药店的开架销售,人民的选择。
>相关产品和护肤品,有几个是:
●水英寸的嘴唇,嘴唇皮,润唇霜,用过以后非常柔软,非常丰满的嘴唇。
●MIEL以上的妇女50岁以上的设计一个便宜的日常保养系列。
●Naturgo天然粘土系列。主要是清洁产品里面泡洗,像细腻的泡沫,但没有味道,洗得很清爽。
●露得清痤疮护理系列,旨在向青少年。
●肌水天然水,无添加剂的,你可以随时使用喷雾补充后,我觉得不舒服喷脸,头发干燥,洒水头发会很高兴,头发光滑,有光泽,但光喷头发是一个遗憾。在日本,这是一个非常可喜的高中女生。
●另外,我看到在网上的的商店Aquair基础系列,蓝色的塑料盒包装,中国文字的“速度感
话,没有看到它实际上官方第三方网站已停止生产,还涉嫌在日本的商店吗?外国制造商?我没有调查,不能乱下结论
口渴就是口干想喝水,这是人的一个正常的生理反应,那么你知道口渴用英语怎么说吗下面欢迎大家跟着我一起来学习口渴的英文相关知识吧。
口渴的英语说法thirst
thirsty
口渴相关英语表达总是口渴 Always Thirsty
我口渴 I am getting thirsty
感觉口渴 Feeling thirsty
不口渴 not thirsty
口渴的英语例句1 She was suddenly thirsty and dry
她突然口渴了。
2 He felt a raging thirst
他感到口渴难忍。
3 Salty food makes one thirsty
咸的食物令人口渴
4 This kind of work gives me a thirst
这种工作使我感到口渴
5 Some kinds of food makes one thirsty
有些种类的食物使人口渴
6 The boy felt dry
这孩子口渴了
7 If ye are thirsty, drink
汝等若口渴, 就喝 出自《圣经》
8 After such a long thirsty journey, the travelers drank deep of the fresh spring
经过使人口渴的长途旅行后, 旅客们痛饮清凉的泉水
9 It was around seven when I finished at the library I wasn't hungry, but I'd worked up a thirst
我从图书馆出来时大约是7点。我不饿,但是觉得口渴。
10 I always keep a drink of water by my bedside in case I am thirsty in the middle of the night
我总在床边放些水,以备半夜口渴时喝
11 She was stiff, a little dizzy, and very thirsty
她感到全身都僵硬了, 头晕乎乎的, 口渴得厉害
12 If you are dry, you will find water behind the door
你要是口渴, 在门背后你能找到水
13 She was extremely unhappy, and soon became very thirsty
她极不舒服, 不一会儿就觉得口渴难熬
14 Iced tea will quench your thrist on hot days
冰镇茶在热天将解除你的口渴
15 The long walk gave him a thirst
长途跋涉使他口渴
关于口渴的英文阅读:为什么人夜晚睡觉不会口渴The body's internal clock helps to regulate a water-storing hormone so that nightly dehydration or trips to the toilet are not the norm, research suggests
In an article published in Nature Neuroscience today, neurophysiologists Eric Trudel and Charles Bourque at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, Canada, propose a mechani by which the body's circadian system, or internal clock, controls water regulation1 By allowing cells that sense water levels to activate cells that release vasopressin, a hormone that instructs the body to store water, the circadian system keeps the body hydrated during sleep
"We've known for years that there's a rhythm of vasopressin that gets high when you're sleeping But no one knew how that occurred And this group identified a very concrete physiological mechani of how it occurs," says Christopher Colwell, a neuroscientist who studies sleep and circadian rhythms at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles
The body regulates its water content mainly by balancing water intake through thirst with water loss through urine production People don't drink during sleep, so the body has to minimize water loss to remain sufficiently hydrated Scientists knew that low water levels excite a group of cells called o osensory neurons, which direct another set of neurons to release vasopressin into the bloodstream Vasopressin levels increase during sleep; clock neurons, meanwhile, get quieter
Trudel and Bourque tested the idea that lower clock-neuron activity might allow o osensory neurons to more easily activate vasopressin-releasing neurons, which would mean more water retention and less urine production during sleep
To do this, they isolated thin slices of rat brain containing intact sensory, vasopressin-releasing and clock neurons Even when removed from the brain, clock neurons continue to mark time
The duo then stimulated the sensory neurons and recorded any electrical activity in the vasopressin-releasing neurons to monitor munication between the two cell groups The researchers then moved on to look at the effect of the clock cells on this pathway When they did not activate the clock cells during the 'sleep' part of their cycle, it was easier for the sensory cells to municate with vasopressin-releasing cells Conversely, when they activated the clock cells, this munication decreased markedly
The results suggest that clock cells function as a dimmer switch for water control When their activity is high, they prevent sensory cells from instructing secretory cells to release vasopressin Then, when clock cells are less active, sensory cells can easily instruct secretory cells to release vasopressin, ensuring that the body holds on to its water reserves
Colwell points out that the study was done in rats, which are nocturnal Although the vasopressin cycle and clock-neuron activity are similar in rats and humans, the question of whether the same mechani occurs in animals that sleep at night remains to be answered
"We show this for this one circuit, but it's possible that clock neurons regulate other circuits in a similar manner and this remains to be studied," says Bourque He speculates that future studies might reveal whether the same mechani regulates hunger, sleepiness and other aspects of physiology related to circadian rhythms
中文译文
《自然》杂志新闻NatureNews安德鲁·贝内特·赫尔曼AndrewBennett Hellman
生物钟是控制身体水分流失的荷尔蒙调节开关。
大脑细胞使动物在睡觉期间保持水分,而不觉口渴。
研究显示,身体内部的生物钟帮助调节一种水分储存荷尔蒙,因此人晚上一般不会感到口渴或者频繁上厕所。
2月28日发表在《自然神经科学》杂志Nature Neuroscience上的一篇论文中,加拿大蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学健康中心研究所Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre的神经生理学家埃里克·特鲁德尔Eric Trudel和查尔斯·布林克Charles Bourque提出了一种机制,通过这种机制身体的昼夜系统circadiansystem,或者说内部生物钟能够控制水分的调节。通过允许感知水含量的细胞去启用能够释放抗利尿激素vasopressin的细胞,抗利尿激素是一种指示身体进行储水的荷尔蒙,昼夜系统就能使身体在睡觉时储存水分而不觉口渴。
“多年来我们已经知道,当你在睡觉时抗利尿激素的水平会升高。但是没有人知道这是如何发生的。而这个研究团队提出了一种关于其如何发生的非常具体的生理机制,”神经科学家克里斯托弗·科尔韦尔Christopher Colwell说,他在加州大学洛杉矶分校UCLA大卫·格芬医学院DavidGeffen School of Medicine从事睡眠与昼夜节律的研究。
身体主要通过平衡因口渴而饮水与因产生尿液而排水来调节水含量。人们在睡觉时不会喝水,所以身体必须使水分流失最小化来保持充足的水分。科学家知道低含水量会启用一组被称为渗透感觉o osensory神经元的细胞,它们能指示另一组神经元以释放抗利尿激素到血液中。在睡眠期间抗利尿激素水平增加;同时,生物钟神经元变得更加安静。
特鲁德尔和布林克检验了这个想法,即更低的生物钟神经元活动可能允许渗透感觉神经元更容易启用抗利尿激素释放神经元,这将意味着在睡眠期间人体会储存更多的水并产生更少的尿液。
为了检验这个想法,他们将小白鼠的大脑分离成薄片,这些薄片仍然包含未受损伤的完整的感觉神经元、抗利尿激素释放神经元和生物钟神经元。即使当这些薄片从大脑里取出后,生物钟神经元仍然能够继续记录时间。
然后这两名研究者对感觉神经元施加 ,并记录抗利尿激素释放神经元中的任何电活动来检测这两组细胞间的沟通。此后,研究者转而考察使用这种方法后生物钟神经元的效应。当他们未对处于昼夜周期中“睡眠”时期的生物钟细胞进行启用时,感觉细胞更容易与抗利尿激素释放细胞沟通。相反,当他们启用睡眠时期的生物钟细胞时,这种沟通明显下降。
这些结果指出了生物钟细胞作为身体水分控制开关的功能。当它们的活动很强时,它们阻止感觉细胞指示分泌细胞secretory cell去释放抗利尿激素。相反,当生物钟细胞启用水平比较弱时,感觉细胞能够更容易地指示分泌细胞释放抗利尿激素,以保证身体在睡眠时保持足够的蓄水量。
科尔韦尔指出这项研究是在小白鼠上进行的,而老鼠恰恰是夜间活动动物。虽然老鼠和人类体内的抗利尿激素释放周期和生物钟神经元活动都很相似,但是动物夜间睡眠期间是否都发生了相同的机制这个问题仍需回答。
“我们只是显示了这一个生物反馈回路的结论,但是可能生物钟神经元也以同样的方式调节其他的反馈回路,这仍需继续研究,”布林克说。他预测未来的研究将可能揭示是否相同的机制也调节了饥饿、嗜睡以及与昼夜节律相关的其他生理问题。
Dieter Prinz and AHMalik
Institute of Water Resources Management,Hydraulic and Rural Engineering,University of Karlsruhe,D-76128 Karlsruhe,Germany
1 Introduction
In the Developing World,agriculture counts for about 80% of total water withdrawal(Prinz,2000)Agriculture is under enormous pressure by the other sectors of the economy,as the economic value created per unit water is lowest in agricultureAt the same time,growing populations make it necessary to produce more food and fibre and to ensure that crop yields per unit land continue to riseTherefore,developing countries will have to find ways of growing more food with less waterBut there is not only the problem of water quantity but additionally the one of deteriorating quality of water
There are many modern and traditional or combined technologies available to improve water conservation development(Agarwal,2001,Rijsberman,2001)
There is the need①to define the aim(under given frame work conditions);②to analyze the losses(conveyance,distribution,application aolosses);③to identify the most promising water conservation methods and techniques,and,eventually;④to integrate the various elements within a(soil and)water conservation strategy(Emerson,1998,UNEP,1998)
2 Measures applied in irrigated agriculture
Irrigation water,if in ample supply,reduces considerable the risk of agricultural production and allows yields double as high as the yields which can be obtained from rain-fed agriculture(FAO,2001)Roughly 40% of the food is produced on irrigated land,on 17% of the total cultivated landThe water needed for crops amounts to 1000~3000 m3per ton of cereal harvestedWith other words,it takes one to three tones of water to grow 1kg of rice
As mentioned before,the losses of water have to be covered as well as the measures to increase the efficiency of water use in irrigation
We have to distinguish between recoverable water losses and unrecoverable water losses;the latter ones are those quantities of water lost to the atmosphere,to saline aquifers or to the sea
Recoverable losses include:seepage,surface runoff,operational losses and losses due to deep percolation
Fig1 Water losses within a surface irrigation system in a semi-arid region
The water losses could be(Fig1)
conveyance losses
distribution losses(egcanal evaporation,percolation and operation losses)or
field-ditch losses,
field-application losses which depend on soil,irrigation method and management,
Reduction of conveyance and distribution losses
33%~50% of water diverted for irrigation is lost‘en route’:The conveyance and distribution losses are enormousBy lining the canal system or by conveying the water in pipes,these losses can be significantly reducedIt should be kept in mind,that at least the seepage losses are in most cases recoverable losses;the water might be lifted up from the groundwater layer downstream
Seepage losses occur in unlined main canals,in the canal distribution system and in field ditchesMost of the water is lost in unlined main canalsThe questions which arise here are the following:
What quantities of water are lost
Are these losses easy to recover
What feasible lining methods could be used
How high are the costs of lining and of maintenance
What are the benefits of the saved water
Could the unlined canal be used in the rainy season to recharge an aquifer
Reduction of application losses
Application losses are either surface runoff losses or percolation losses,often summarised as“operational losses”The water applied,should be sufficient to wet the volume of root penetration,but should not go beyondNumerous technical means are available to apply exactly the amount of water needed,but financial and labour problems,in large irrigation schemes also management problems,hinder this
Operational losses depend on:①the chosen distribution system;②the available regulating and mechanical facilities;③the skill and discipline of the operator
3 Crop root zone depth
The active root zone of the crop(if water is not a constraint)depends on:①crop type;②its stage of maturity;③soil conditions(Fig2)
Fig2 The water applied should be sufficient to wet the volume of root penetration(but not more)
Use of efficient irrigation methods
The large differences in water efficiency between the various irrigation methods are quite well known:Traditional surface irrigation generally achieves only around 40% efficiency,sprinkler irrigation can be 70%~80% efficient and drip irrigation might reach over 90% efficiency(Wolf and Stein,1998,Fig3)Modern irrigation technology could in theory save about half of the water presently consumed in irrigation,but technical,economic and socio-cultural factors hinder the transformation of theory into practice
These methods are arranged according to their average efficiency
The surface irrigation techniques are:①basin irrigation,②furrow irrigation and③border irrigation
Fig3 The five basic methods of applying water to the soil
These techniques have one drawback in common:the uneven water application over the irrigated areaWater infiltration is much greater at the top end of the field than the bottom because of the longer opportunity time at the top end and this results in high deep percolation
Surge irrigation(Fig4)has been shown to markedly improve the efficiency of water applicationIt is the practice of intermittently stopping and starting water flows across a field
Fig4 Water percolation in surge and continuous flow
Another method is the sprinkler irrigationLow Energy Precision Application(LEPA)center pivots are one of the most efficient irrigation methods available today because they offer both high water application efficiency and low operating pressureThe water is applied near the ground surface below canopy
Drip/trickle irrigation is characterised by the following:
low flow rate,long duration irrigation,frequent irrigation,water applied near or into the plant's root zone,and low-pressure delivery system shigh investment costs and maintenance demand
In drip irrigation some techniques were developed which are not as efficient as the more costly ones,but which allow even small farmers a very high efficiency egin vegetable cropping:the drip bucket irrigation is such a low cost and relatively efficient technique,applied already on thousands of farms in East Africa(Prinz and Malik,2001)
31 Case study:Growing More Rice with Less Water(China)
Water Efficient Irrigation Techniques
One method to save water in irrigated rice cultivation is the intermittent(submerged)irrigationThis example shows real water saving and increase of productionProduction levels remained stable over the time period in spite of this massive shift of water(see Fig5,Table 1)out of agricultureGrowing more rice with less water improves also the productivity of waterThis was made possible through pol-icy,management,and technological changes(Rijsberman,2001)
Fig5 Water quantities used for domestic,industrial and hydropower purposes increased 10 times during the period 1976 and 1996,with subsequent reduction of water quantities for irrigation
Table 1 Changes in land and land productivity in Zhanghe Irrigation District,China(1966~1998)
Source:Rijsberman 2001
32 Subsurface Irrigation Techniques
321 Pitcher irrigation
Pitcher irrigation or“Pot Irrigation”is a traditional,extreme efficient form of irrigationThe technique is particularly suitable to the irrigation of vegetables(like legumes,beans,water-melons,etc)in home ardens(Fig6)
The clay pots can either be installed independently,iethe water supply is done by the farmers manually,one by one,or interconnected:the water supply is done by using a water reservoir,which can be a tank,a well,etc
322 Surface trickle irrigation
Fig6 Clay pots used for
pitcher irrigation
To reduce deep percolation losses in subsurface irrigation,a trench is dug and a layer of plastic sheets is positioned below the trickler pipe(Fig7)
323 Vertical Pipe Method
A very simple but effective method for ree cultivation is the vertical pipe method:Provided sufficient water storage capacity in the root one is given,a larger quantity of water is applied through the vertical pipe to supply the tree with water for 2~4 weeks(Fig8)
Fig7 Subsurface trickle irrigation with reduced percolation losses
Fig8 Vertical pipe method
The water efficiency depends not only on the method
Wolf and Stein(1998)cite a study made in Israel by Hagan(1994),who found surface irrigation to be 70% water efficient but drip irrigation only 42%~56%
This deviation from generally believed figures is due to differences in the available underlying conditionsFor the farms using surface irrigation,water was in very short supply and therefore it had to be used as efficiently as possibleDrip irrigation on the other hand has been used under conditions of sufficient water to grow crops of high market valueLow cost of water and high market prices did not give any incentive to the farmers to use water efficiently
33 More rational use of irrigation water
331 Supplemental irrigation(SI)
It is the application of small quantities of irrigation water to essentially rain-fed crops in times when the demand can not be covered by rainfall(Oweis,1997)SI is usually practiced usually in the wetter part of the dry areas with 300 to 600 mm annual rainfall in order to improve and stabilise yields(Oweis et al,2001)Supplemental irrigation might be taken from groundwater or from excess water stored during the rainy season
332 Deficit irrigation
Another technique which allows a very high water use efficiency under fully irrigated conditions is deficit irrigationThe deficit irrigation is the distribution of limited amounts of irrigation water to satisfy essential water needs of plantsThe water supply is reduced in less critical periods of water demand by the crop and supply of full amount of water during stress-sensitive periodsA similar technique is the“intermittent submerged irrigation technique”for rice(ISI)This technique has been promoted in China but it is now applied in many rice growing areas world wideUp to 20% of the irrigation water can be saved,if the paddy crop is not grown under submerged conditions through out the main growing season,but only intermittentlyThe phases where submerged conditions are recommended are those“sensitive”stages mentioned earlier
Precondition for deficit irrigation management is the knowledge of the sensitive periods of the crop/the variety in question
333 Aquaculture
Paddy croppingcan be combined with fish raising if certain preconditions are given(Fig9)This allows a multiple use of water and hence water saving per unit produce
Fig9 Combining paddy cropping with fish raising
Case study:Drip Irrigation Systems(DIS)in India
Drip Irrigation Systems in India are being praticised since 1970,being used on a limited scale in Tamil Nadu,Karnataka,Kerala and Maharashtra States,mainly for high value,horticultural crops like coconut,coffee,grape and vegetable production without the benefit of any subsidies from the governmentsAt Rahuri,in Maharashtra State,the use of drip irrigation of pomegranates,grown in gravely soils,resulted in a savings of about 44%(as compared to conventional check basin irrigation systems)with a further water savings of about 14% when compared to un-mulched plots
The capital costs involved are high compared to conventional irrigation systems,but the labor and operational costs are low in IndiaThe net result is that the benefit-cost ratio for DIS is very favourable compared to conventional systems since the payback period for investment very shortThe cost of using drip irrigation system is summarized in the Table 1
With DIS in India,there was an improvement in crop yields and savings in water use of between 18% and 40%Consequently,there was a substantial improvement in the water use efficiency that ranged up to three times that of conventional surface irrigation methods,even with the use of poor quality irrigation waterSee Table 2 for water savings and increased yields achieved using drip irrigation in Indian case
Table 2 Drip irrigation cost;water savings vincreased yield achieved in India
Source:Saksena 2000
4 Improving water availability
As mentioned earlier,aquifer depletion is a common problem in many dry areas of the worldMany techniques have been developed to artificially recharge aquifers to sustain the water table and to allow further control of pumping water to cover the water needs of humans and cropsOne interesting example of combined basin irrigation with groundwater recharge is reported from Uttar Pradesh Province in India(IWMI,2002)In the monsoon season,surface water is diverted through an unlined canal system to provide farmers with irrigation water for rice cropsAround 60% of the irrigation water applied is used by the plants,most of the remaining 40%filters through the soil to recharge the groundwaterCombined with seepage from unlined canals those“losses”provide farmers with groundwater to irrigate dry season cropsThe research showed,that the water table in the study area,which had been progressively declining,has been raised from an average of 12m below ground level to an average of65m
5 Summary
We need information on crop water requirementsLosses have to be avoided in conveyance,distribution and application of irrigation waterIn larger irrigation schemes the conveyance losses alone sum up 30%~50% of the total water demand
Farmers can apply more efficient irrigation methods like trickle irrigation,subsurface irrigation or pitcher irrigation
Improved application techniques like surge irrigation have also shown a great potential to increase water productivity in irrigation
Further-on,an increase in efficiency in irrigation water can be accomplished by a more rational use of water egin“supplemental irrigation”or“deficit irrigation”
Aside of increasing the efficiency of irrigation water use,there are some other important water conservation methods,eg
selecting best suited crops and cropping methods reducing the losses of stored water and improving water availability
“More yield with less water”can be achieved to a very large extent by applying appropriate methods and techniques in irrigation management
References
[1]Agarwal AIncreasing water harvesting and water conservation is the only way to ensure food securityDown to Earth,Vol 10,No3,June 30,2001
[2]Bastani S“Unterflurbewässerung mittels Kuseh-RohrenEntwicklung eines neuen Bewässerungssystems mit hoher Wassereffizienz und Bewässerungsversuche in Karadj/Iran”Diss,InstfWasserwirtschaft und LandschaftsäkoHeft 26,UnivKiel1998
[3]Beets WCRaising and sustaining productivity of smallholders farming systems in the tropicsAgBe Publishing,Holland1990
[4]Cape JIrrigation Research:Past,present and futureIrrigation Australia,1995,Vol10,30~32
[5]Chritchley W,Reij Cand Turner SDSoil and water conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa:to-wards sustainable production by the rural poorIFAD,Rome and CDCS,Amsterdam1992
[6]Emerson,HConservation,it's the future of waterOn Tap,1998Vol7,Issue 4
[7]FAOCrops and drops:Making the best use of land and waterFood and Agriculture Organisation(FAO),Rome2001
[8]Fatondji D,Martius Cand Vlek,PZai-A traditional technique for land rehabilitation in NigerNewsletter No8,Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung/Center for Development Research,Universität Bonn,September2001
[9]Hagan HConstraints to high efficiency in irrigation water management in the Jordan ValleyProceedings of the regional seminar,Amman1994
[10]Hudson NWSoil and water conservation in semi-arid areasFood and Agriculture Organisation(FAO) Soil Bulletin,1987,57 pp109~122
[11]IWMIA success story in reversing groundwater declineIWMI Research Update,June 2002IWMI,Colombo,Sri Lanka
[12]Oweis TSupplemental irrigation:A highly efficient water-use practiceICARDA,Aleppo,Syria,1997,16pp
[13]Oweis T,Prinz Dand Hachum,AWater harvesting,indigenous knowledge for the future of the drier environments,ICARDA,Aleppo,Syria,2001,36pp
[14]Prinz DGlobal and European water challenges in the 21st centuryKeynote Speech,3rd Inter-Regional Conference on Environment-Water,“Water Resources Management in the 21st Century”,1-3 June 2000,Budapest/HungaryProceedings,p247~254
[15]Prinz Dand Malik AHWater Conservation in Agriculture,FAO Training Course,Draft Version on CD ROM,FAO,Rom2001
[16]Prinz Dand Wolfer SOpportunities to Ease Water Scarcity(Water Conservation Techniques and Approaches)Proceedings,International Conference on“World Water Resources at the Beginning of the 21stCentury”03-06 June 1998,ParisUNESCO-IHP,Paris1998
[17]Rijsberman FRBalancing water uses,water for food and water for natureThematic Background Paper,International Conference on Freshwater-Bonn 2001International Water Management Institute IWMI,Colombo,Sri Lanka2001
[18]Saksena,RSMinistry of Water Resources,Government of India,New Delhihttp://wwwuneporjp/ietc/Publications/TechPublications/TechPub-8e/dripasp2000
[19]UNEPSourcebook of Alternative Technologies for Freshwater Augmentation Some Asian Countries,UNEP,Paperback,1998,223 pages
[20]Wolff Pand Stein TMWater efficiency and conservation in agriculture-opportunities and limitationsAgriculture+Rural Development;1998vol5;no2;pp17~20
长文预警,算是近几年来用过的护肤品一个扼要批评,内里包括喜好的不喜好的,盼望对你有资助。
先说下我的肤质:殽杂性油皮,额头、鼻子非常油腻,嘴唇干,两颊比较干燥、缺水。着实油皮是缺水的表现,皮肤由于干燥,才会主动分泌大量油脂去自我掩护。12岁开始长遗传性的芳华痘,一度非常紧张,最开始是额头长,渐渐生长到面部两颊、下巴和颈部偶然也会出痘,背面也长痘,大部分是有白头的粉刺,偶然偶尔会长闭合性的大红痘。如今26岁,痘痘根本消散,偶然偶尔长也是内分泌失调时下巴会冒两颗。关于痘痘题目简言之,长痘绝大部分来自内因(我的内因是湿热型体质),用任何祛痘的护肤品都是只能治标,最多是对痘痘的一种克制和粉饰笼罩。护肤品对战痘起到的最紧张作用是干净和补水。但治本的话必须通过起居、熬炼、心态、饮食等方面来举行。以后偶然间会别的写一篇有关痘痘调理的。
好回反正题:
面霜篇
1倩碧黄油Cliniquedramaticallydifferentmoisturizinglotion
质地中等偏厚,不太得当我的油皮,但相比其他很多产品这款还不算太厚腻,得当大部分肤质一样平常用,难怪有“美国大宝”的表彰
2倩碧黄油浮滑版Cliniquedramaticallydifferentmoisturizinggel
和前一个黄油的质感比较雷同,但油腻感有所淘汰,越发得当油皮用,补水结果超赞,如今我在一样平常用
3倩碧水磁场CliniqueMoistureSurgeThirstRelief
试用过反复小样,不得不说这个产品的补水结果非常浮夸,我把它涂上脸后乃至有刺痛感(补水造成的?),然后皮肤会变得非常润滑,但不得当我的干性油皮一样平常用。大概是补水结果太好,不克不及完全吸取,轻微涂厚一点就开始搓泥……
4欧舒丹神圣面霜L’OccitaneDevineCream
和倩碧水磁场一样的弊端,质地太润泽,一不警惕就开始搓泥,大概不太得当二十几岁油皮
5欧舒丹菊蜡面霜L'OccitanePreciousCream
比神圣面霜质地浮滑一点,润泽结果还行,但用了反复也没有以为对肤质有分外大改进,表现中规中矩,以是给此中评吧
6兰蔻金纯系列面霜和晚霜Lancomeabsoluecream
只用过小样,质地还是偏油了一些,面霜是带SPF15防晒的,其他方面没什么深刻印象
7兰蔻多元修护防晒霜Lancomebienfaitmultivitalcream
香味有点刺鼻,别的感觉同上,略油腻,有防晒的成果,家里有小样,以是偶然间懒得扮装又要出个门就抹点它充数
8Fresh红茶面霜Freshblackteaagedelaycream
味道闻起来淡淡的挺天然的,但貌似同样不太得当我的肤质和年龄,阐明书上先容这款面霜重要是抗氧化、紧致和补水,当晚霜涂抹后第二天早上皮肤确实软软的水水的,便是偏油腻,应该近几年不会再买,家里还剩一瓶中样用来涂颈部吧。
9雅诗兰黛的面霜
会合说一下吧,试用过他家的ResilienceLiftDaywearRe-Nutriv面霜,分别是粉瓶、绿瓶、银瓶,包装都挺美的,但结论是雅诗兰黛家的护肤品不怎么得当我的肤质,太润泽,并且没以为对肤质有什么明显改进,味道也有点怪怪的不以为天然。不知道为什么这个牌子在海内那么火,个人私家以为它产业品险些没有一款让我欣喜的,除了小棕瓶。
10悦木之源保湿赋活面霜OriginsMakeADifferenceRejuvenatingMoisturizer
又一个不得当油皮的面霜,太过润泽,让皮肤有将近窒息的以为,扫兴。着实上文评了那么多面霜,大概换一个人私家的皮肤真的会结果很明显,痛惜油皮的选择便是那么有限。
11资生堂水活焕妍白天防护英华乳SPF15ShiseidotheSkincareDayMoistureProtection
资生堂是我比较喜好的护肤品牌,终究是亚洲品牌,跟亚洲人的肤质也比较对路,这款乳液质地比较浮滑,润泽结果不错但不堵塞毛孔,难过的是另有一点防晒结果,是我仅次于倩碧黄油的一样平常选择。
面膜和英华篇
1海蓝之谜LaMerintensiverevitalizingmask
我平常不太利用面膜,买护肤品曾经收过一个海蓝之谜的面膜小样,试用反复后以为差能人意,表现平淡,不太明白海蓝之谜到底幸亏那边和贵在那边
2兰蔻小黑瓶英华LancomeGenifiqueSerum
又是大名鼎鼎的小黑瓶,同样只试用过多幼年样,在我脸上结果不太明显,另有一次晚间用后第二天脸上忽然爆痘,不知道是不是太润泽了,油皮便是没福分吧,很多多少养分都吸取不了。
3雅诗兰黛小棕瓶夜间修复英华EsteeLauderAdvancedNightRepair
大概是雅诗兰黛家的全部试用过的产品中,唯一我的皮肤能担当的,刺激性小,晚间用过后第二天皮肤确实状态不错,水水的。
洁面篇
1雅诗兰黛白金保湿洁面乳EsteeLauderRe-NutrivIntensiveHydratingCremeCleanser
个人私家偏好缘故起因,不喜好膏状的洗面奶,由于是油皮,总以为膏状的洗不干净
2雅诗兰黛泡沫洁面乳EsteeLaudersplashawayfoamingcleanser
有丰富的泡沫,洗得超等干净,但是洗完后皮肤很干很紧绷,乃至有些刺痛
3倩碧水洗卸妆洁面膏CliniqueRinse-OffFoamingCleanser
卸面部底子妆容的结果非常不错,丰富的泡沫,洗完脸分外干净的以为,也会略紧绷,但紧绷感没有雅诗兰黛的泡沫款那么浮夸
4倩碧液体洁面皂油皮款ClinqueLiquidFacialSoapOilySkinFormula
一样平常用的洁面产品,代价布衣,好大一瓶好久都用不完,这个的泡沫比较细,没有前一款泡沫丰富,洗完脸会有点滑,略有一点不容易清干净的以为(生理作用吧),但长处是不会紧绷
5ErnoLaszlo去世海泥黑皂ErnoLaszloSeaMudDeepCleansingBar
听说这个牌子是奥黛丽赫本的爱,本着好奇精力我也入了一块他家明星产品黑皂尝尝,代价比平凡品牌要贵一些,固然好大一块好久都用不完。结果的话不太好说,用完确实不紧绷、也洗得干净,但没有以为对肤质有什么神奇的改进。着实洗面这一步我以为还是洗的干净不刺激就好了,这块四十几美金的皂性价比略差了一点,并且有个缺点是洗脸的时间滴下来的皂液会把池塘弄脏,每次洗完脸都要擦洗脸池。
6资生堂温和洁面泡沫ShiseidoExtraGentleCleansingFoam
用过这个小样,非常喜好,细细的丰富泡沫,既洗得干净又不太刺激,洗完不紧绷,好评
7资生堂卸妆洁面膏SHISEIDOElixirSuperieurMakeupCleansingCream
卸妆结果还不错,眼妆也能卸,也不刺激眼睛,只是睫毛深处要用棉片沾取洁面膏重复擦拭才华弄干净。固然还是不喜好膏状洁面产品涂在脸上的以为,用完用水洗濯后总以为没清干净,还要再用泡沫类的洁面乳再洗一次才放心。
8ZA卸妆油
ZA这个牌子固然打的是纽约招牌,在美国从来没见过,大学时期倒是不停用这款卸妆油,以为卸得蛮干净的,眼妆什么的也没题目。
9倩碧CliniqueTakeTheDayOffMakeupRemoverForLids,LashesLips
表现合格,卸眼妆结果不错,不太刺激皮肤,给个好评
10兰蔻眼部卸妆水LancmeBi-FacilDouble-ActionEyeMakeupRemover
非常喜好的眼部卸妆水,温和不刺激,卸得很干净。通常是油水疏散的状态,用之前要好好摇一摇。
11倩碧洁面皂CliniqueFacialSoapwithDish
又一款得当一样平常用的洁面皂,质地温和不刺激,又洗得很干净,代价只是前面提及的黑皂的四分之一,好评
爽肤水篇
大学时期我也是个爽肤水的积极支持者,23岁后由于上班早上赶时间,很多时间把爽肤水这步省略了直接涂抹黄油了事。用过以下几种水还是评价一下吧:
1卡尼尔保湿爽肤水(绿水)
这个水在美国我没有见过,固然美国超市也有卖卡尼尔的产品。至心以为这个水很得当年轻肌肤,不油腻又能保湿,代价还很布衣。读书时期带过来一瓶、如今偶然偶尔还用,以为保湿结果不错。气味也好闻,不警惕弄进眼睛里时也没有很刺激的以为。
2欧莱雅粉水L’OrealHyrafreshToner
初来美国时看到超市里这货很自制一大瓶,出于好奇买来试用了下,本人的欧莱雅利用经历也止于此,由于这个水的气味和打仗皮肤的以为都非常刺激,也不以为有什么补水结果,遂扔失了。
3资生堂ShiseidoPurenessBalancingSoftener(Alcohol-Free)
这个水是我用过为数未几的爽肤水里比较得意的,Pureness系列很得当我的油皮,用完皮肤毫无包袱,又有润泽感,气味清新天然,代价也不算离谱,好评。
4茱莉蔻玫瑰水Jurliquerosewaterbalancingmist
又一款华人MM很追捧的水,本人出于好奇买过一瓶试用,还剩大大半瓶至今还在柜子里没有效完。要是洗完脸喷一点而不消其他任何乳液的话,脸很快就干了,没以为有什么补水的结果。气味是有点呛人的猛烈玫瑰气味。不警惕弄进过眼睛,一阵刺痛,让我孕育产生了本能的反感,总以为越天然的东西对眼睛的刺激应该越小,不会再买,也没有再试过茱莉蔻其他产品。
眼霜篇
我是眼霜的支持者,自从18、9岁开始用眼霜(有点晚),不停切身材会着眼霜的紧张性。如今26、7岁,根本没有黑眼圈和眼角细纹出现,眼周皮肤很康健,固然这也是油皮的长处,出细纹慢,显年轻。
1Fresh红茶眼霜Freshblackteaage-delayeyeconcentrate
这段时间在用的眼霜。用过小样后刚强买了正装。气味什么的都很天然好闻,淡淡的茶香,涂抹后质地不油腻、不刺激眼睛,润泽结果不错。
2欧舒丹神圣眼霜L'occitanedivineeyecream
和神圣面霜一样的题目吧,质地不敷清新,太过润泽厚腻了
3欧舒丹菊蜡眼霜L'occitanepreciouseyebalm
用过不幼年样,也用过一瓶正装,质地比神圣系列清新,润泽结果好评,不刺激,更得当年轻肌肤。
3兰蔻小黑瓶眼霜LancomeGenifiqueEye
大名鼎鼎的小黑瓶眼霜确实是名不虚传的,用过一大瓶后以为眼部不停很润泽不刺激,油皮用也没题目,算一样平常眼霜的首选之一吧。
3Bodyshop接骨木眼胶
唯一试用过的一款眼胶,代价很亲民,但总以为润泽结果不太明显,有种胶质浮在皮肤外貌没怎么吸取的以为。个人私家还是更偏好乳类的眼霜,好像更能吸取。给老公买了一款也是这个牌子的男士眼霜,他用完后直接两眼莫名其妙肿成了熊猫,吓得赶快扔失,再也不敢买他家的护肤产品了。
润唇膏篇
1契尔氏一号润唇膏Kiehl's#1lipbalm
大名鼎鼎的一号润唇膏,代价比较亲民,用过五六只,算是四序常备吧。制止水分流失的结果确实非常好,涂上后嘴唇油油的。不敷之处在于,用的时间长了你会发明那种润泽是停顿在嘴唇外貌的,是一种对外界冷氛围的隔绝和对嘴唇的掩护,但不克不及改进唇部的肤质,以是有美国人网评说这货便是高价凡士林。不过一样平常用确实能起掩护嘴唇的作用。
2馥蕾诗黄糖唇膏Freshsugaradvancedtherapyliptreatment
Fresh的明星产品之一,膏体比较金饰,好闻的红糖味,风雅的金属包装。晚上睡前抹一点,第二天清晨起来嘴唇还是润滑的。我是本年秋冬才开始用的,很得意。不过听说这个唇膏由于质地太软,夏气候候太热容易化。
3迪奥迪奥魅惑润唇膏Dior'AddictLipGlow'ColorReviverBalm
又叫做迪奥变色唇膏。理念是可以根据每个人私家的唇色表现出差别的光彩的气质,而不是粉饰笼罩你的唇色。我用过粉色这款,颜色险些是透明的,润泽结果也还不错,可以一样平常用,但没有那种别人批评里惊为天人的以为,三十几美金的唇膏,性价比还是略差了一点。
护手霜和身材乳篇
1螃蟹树护手霜Crabtreeandevelynhandtherapy
美国中老年妇女群体里比较著名的一个牌子,我身边用这个的大部分是母亲和奶奶。此中有一个叫做nantucketbriar的香型分外火爆,螃蟹树官网上通常是缺货的状态。我试过这个香型总以为气味像祖母的香皂一样,闷闷的,不太喜好。别的还用过Citron,Gardeners,Rosewater等几个香型的护手霜小样,都以为很一样平常,并且用过一两个月背工会孕育产生依赖性,不消就会分外干,遂放弃。
2欧舒丹乳木果油护手霜L'occitanesheabutterhandcream
绝对是欧舒丹家的明星产品中的明星,我长期在用,家里险些每个房间放一只,包里随时也带一只,长期用下来手分外精致润泽,也没有发明孕育产生依赖性。代价适中,大支的可以用好久。有人说它油腻,但是护手霜我个人私家偏好便是越油越好,不然怎么叫护手呢。乳木果的结果分外好。气味的话只能说还好、不腻烦,只要润泽就行了。别的用过欧舒丹樱花味和玫瑰味的护手霜,但都不如这个经典款的好用,猛烈保举。
3欧舒丹乳木果油护足霜L'OccitaneSheaButterFootCream
这个是乳木果护手霜的姐妹产品,和手霜的好处很相似。淡淡的薰衣草味,脚冬天容易干燥的用起来很润泽,也可以足部推拿的时间来一点。
4悦木之源姜暖护手霜Originsgingerhandlotion
代价比欧舒丹越发亲民一些,质地也浮滑润泽,只是补水结果比欧舒丹的乳木果手霜轻微逊色一点,也得当一样平常用。
5美加净护手霜
高中的时间不停在用,结果非常不错,代价非常布衣。好几年没买过,在网上找了一下宛如找不到过去那种包装了,盼望如今的新包装结果和过去一样好。
茱莉蔻是来自澳洲的一个护肤品牌,今天小编给妹纸们介绍的是这款茱莉蔻玫瑰衡肤花卉水限量版产品,在国内的商场里面有茱莉蔻的专柜,本款茱莉蔻玫瑰衡肤花卉水限量版富含玫瑰精华,能够保湿,补水,不管是什么类型的肤质妹纸,都可以使用。
1、产品测评报告
玫瑰衡肤花卉水限量版RosewaterBalancingMistIntense
华丽定制的瓶子,盛满限量版混合玫瑰提取物和多种高性能植物成分,具有深层补水,提亮肤色的功效。皮肤感觉柔软,光滑,看起来神清气爽,水嫩。这是我们2012年创建茱莉蔻美容基金用于帮助全球范围内丰富的女孩和妇女的生活以后的第四个限量版本。
产品功效:
为皮肤提供即时保湿,留下清新的感觉。
为肌肤使用精华露和面霜做好准备
可以再一天的任何时候给肌肤来一次即时补水。
主要成份:
限量版玫瑰配方:5珍贵的限量版混合玫瑰精华,包括法国蔷薇,百叶蔷薇,朱槿,犬蔷薇和野蔷薇,帮助肌肤调理,补水,舒缓及平衡肌肤。
蜀葵:这款提取物具有较强的从环境中吸取水分的能力保湿剂的质量。它提供了肌肤重新平衡干燥、密集保湿和软化的功能。
芦荟:富含有益的多糖和氨基酸,芦荟有助于舒缓,平衡干燥,镇静肌肤。
使用方法:
轻轻喷于面部或喷在手心,轻轻按在皮肤上。全天随时可以使用,为肌肤及时补充水分。
2、保湿面霜产品
No1:ESTEELAUDER雅诗兰黛双重滋养白金级全效紧肤霜
产品功效:抗衰老抗皱紧肤降压
推荐理由:这款紧肤霜和她的名称一样“全效”、“白金级”,通过活化胶原蛋白和弹性纤维,回复肌肤弹性,还能淡化由紫外线导致的皱纹,帮助肌肤抵御并预防老化迹象。同时针对性alpha-hydroxyacid温和改善并重塑肌肤质地,让你的肌肤有效抵抗地心引力,防止衰老下垂。在按摩的同时释放肌肤的压力。缺点是价格有点贵,有钱的可以买来试一下,没钱的也可以储钱买一瓶来试。
网友热评:真的很保湿,你涂上后和没有涂上后绝对是两个脸的区别,而且非常明显,觉得好的是你涂好后可以保持很长一段时间你的肌肤水润润的,因为有锁水因子嘛,所以不容易流失你肌肤内在细胞的水份和补充进去。
No2:ElizabethArden伊丽莎白雅顿8小时润泽霜
诞生年份:1933
产品功效:活肤滋润降压
推荐理由:经典润泽霜自1933年上市以来,以前所未有的修复、舒缓及滋润肌肤功效着称于世80年,它深得专业模特、演艺界专业化妆人员以及世界各地女士们的喜爱,并成为极为抢手的美容化妆圣品!因其多种神奇的用途被誉为“世界第8大奇迹”:用在局部可帮助伤口愈合;用于手术后肌肤可以让肌肤加快愈合并让肤色更快得到恢复;用于烫伤肌肤能迅速缓解灼热疼痛感,还可用来舒缓轻微晒伤、刮伤及擦伤;可用于强化头发和睫毛使之更为强韧;上粉底前取微量轻拍于两颊与上眼睑,可使肤质特别柔润,妆容更见闪亮效果,亦可用作眼部和唇部的提亮产品;可软化粗糙坚硬的指甲边缘表皮及指甲;可柔软脚部缓解龟裂,也可用于身体上任何粗糙的部位特别是关节处;用于痘疤,可缓解痘痘的干涩感;亦可作为有效防止水份流失的急救产品。唯一的缺点就是很好用,而且芳疗效果太好,很快就用完了。
网友热评:这个乳霜真的很棒,我最喜欢的就是那复古的香味,好闻又高雅!最神奇的就是他保湿功力那么好,却又不给人黏腻或闷的感觉,是很好吸收的质地,晚上擦了之后,到了隔天起床上妆,依然很滋润(但是夏天用的话可能会有点油)单价虽高但用量很省。
No3:妮维雅润肤霜
诞生年份:1911
产品功效:滋润亮泽保湿
推荐理由:富含注册成份Eucerit和甘油,能吸收空气中数倍于自身的水份,形成肌肤保护膜。有效防止水份散失,长效保湿。油包水配方,细腻润泽,亲和肌肤,更易被吸收,时刻保持肌肤滋润亮泽。
网友热评:非常便宜,在某些大牌疯狂涨价的今天,这个价位就是白菜价。膏体为白色,符合NIVEA的拉丁意思——“雪白”,膏体几乎没有任何流动性,非常非常稠厚,是我见过的最稠厚的润肤霜,没敢先用在脸部,擦了擦手,感觉不比几十块的护手霜差嘛!不愧是百年经典,适合人手一盒,在冬天里随身带着,擦手擦脚擦身体又便宜效果又有保证,何乐而不为呀。
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