定语从句中that充当成分吗

定语从句中that充当成分吗,第1张

1 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句

代替人 代替物 代替人或物

主语 Who which that

主语 Whom which that

宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)

例1:This is the detective who came from London

例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy

例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old

例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in

2.关系代词的用法

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:

All the people that are present burst into tears

(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:

(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:

There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated

(4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:

He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy

(5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。

(6) which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。

(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。

(8) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如:

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely

(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom,不用 which。例如:

Is there anyone here who will go with you

3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构

(1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。

(2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:

We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town

(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:

This is the boy whom she has taken care of

二.关系副词引导的定语从句

1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。

2 that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因

That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。

三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1.二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。

2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。 3 先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:

1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about

2) He was the only person in this country who was invited

四.As在定语从句中的用法

1 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1)as多与such 或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

(2)as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。例如:

The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see

3)the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。

2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如:

(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match

(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone

that在定语从句中的用法如下:

一、当先行词为不定代词

anything, everything, nothing, any, little, one, few, much, all, none等时。如:

aThere isn't much that I can do bHe is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes

二、当先行词是形容词级或被形容词级修饰时。如:

aThe book is the best that I have read bThis is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our university

三、当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时。如:

aIt is the third one that I've bought bThis is the first place that I‘ve ever visited

四、当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰时。如:

aIs this the very museum that you visited the other day bThis is the only book that I need at present

五、当先行词包含了人和事物两方面的含义时。如:

They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school

六、当先行词被same修饰,且指“同一物品”时。如:

She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday

七、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:

aThis is no longer the place that it used to be bHe is not the man that he was

八、当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。如:

aWhich is the book that he bought yesterday bWho that you have ever seen can beat him in the game

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