初中英语句子成分分析法？

　　英语句子是英语对话和文章的基础。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分分析，欢迎阅读!

初中英语句子成分分析精选

句子是由各种词类按照一定的语法规则组成的，可以表达完整的概念。句子开头第一个字母一定要大写，结尾要注明标点符号。

一、句子的成分

组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语直接宾语和间接宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语 补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。

　　1 主语 表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任。主语要放在句首。

To say is one thing, and to do is another 说是一回事，做是另一回事。不定式作主语 What you said hurt me badly 你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。从句作主语

2 谓语 起著说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。谓语通常有三个表现形式：

1动词或动词短语作谓语

He studies hard 他学习很努力。 The performance has already begun演出已经开始。

2谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语

They are picking apples 他们正在摘苹果。 He made us laugh heavily他使我们大笑不止。

3连系动词和表语作谓语 Her mother is an inspector 她的母亲是一位检查官。

It is getting dark 天色渐渐地黑了下来。

He is feeling well 他现在感觉身体很好。

句子成分巧划分 ：主在前，谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。

3 表语 用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式 以及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任，表语要放在连系动词之后。

Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes 她的工作是洗这些床单和衣服。不定式作表语 Teaching is learning 教学相长。动名词作表语

4 宾语 是及物动词所示动作的物件或介词的物件，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、 短语及从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词及物动词或介词之后。

Do you enjoy living here 你愿意住在这里吗 动名词作宾语

I want only one 我只要一个。数词作宾语

I don't think you are right 我认为你不对。从句作宾语

注意：①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语即直接宾语和间接宾语， 直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有：bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等。

She showed me a few magazines 她拿出了一些杂志给我看。

I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday 我答应在她生日那天给她一件奇妙的礼物。

②在需要的情况下，间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词。 She made me a sweater She made a sweater for me 她给我织了一件毛衣。

He left her three children He left three children to her 他给她留下三个孩子。

③有些及物动词的后面，其宾语还需要有一个补足语，才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。

The couple named the baby Mary名词作宾 补 这对夫妻给孩子取名叫玛丽。

He made her unhappy 他使她很不高兴。形容词作宾补

“Let me out!” The boy cried “让我出去!”那男孩喊道。副词作宾补

She saw a man in front of the gate 她看见门外有一个男人。介词短语作宾补

She often helps me do the housework 她经常帮助我做家务。不定式作宾补

I kept you waiting for half an hour 我让你等了半个小时。动名词作宾补

5 状语

状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方 式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短 语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

She drove fast副词作状语 她把车开得飞快。

There is a shelter under the post office

在邮局的地底下，有一个掩蔽所。介词短语作状语

To liberate our country, they devoted their lives

为了解放祖国，他们献出了生命。不定式短语作状语

Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees

那人一看见年迈的母亲就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。分词短语作状语

It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday

昨天她回家的路上，风刮得正大。从句作状语

6 定语

定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副 词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词 的地方都可以有定语。

The man outside the teacher's office is his father办公室外面的那人是他的父亲。介词短语作定语 I'll have a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday 这个星期六我要洗好多衣服。不定式作定语 Will you say something about your travelling experience 动名词作定语

The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt从句作定语正在台上演唱的那女人是她姑姑。

二、句子的种类

一、简单句

简单句只包含一个主谓结构，并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成，不包含任何从句。有五种基本句型。

1主语+谓语不及物动词

The new term begins 新学期开始了。

2主语+谓语及物动词+宾语

The girl is learning to play the piano 这个女孩在学弹钢琴。

3主语+连系动词+表语

The rice got burned。 饭焖煳了。

4主语+谓语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

He bought her a watch 他给她买了一块表。

5 主语+谓语及物动词+宾语+宾语补语

We all believed you honest 我们都认为你是诚实的。

二、并列句简单句+连词+简单句

并列句是由两个或多个简单句连线而成的。其中的各个简单句并列平行，同等重要，相互之 间没有从属关系，能够独立成句。它们之间要用连词连线。并列句可分为四种：

1表示相同关系 用连词或逗号、分号连线构成并列句。常用连词有：and, not onlybut also, neithernor

Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high 苏姗不但跑得快，而且跳得高。

I could neither swim nor skate 我既不会游泳，也不会滑冰。

2表示转折关系 常用连词有：but, still, yet, while等。

It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework夜已深了，但是他还在继续做作业。

She was busy cooking while they were watching TV她忙着做饭，而他们却在看电视。

The film is not perfect, still, it's good这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔，但还是好的。

3表示选择关系 常用连词为：or, eitheror。

The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。

Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。

Hurry up,or you'll miss the train

4表示因果关系 常用连词有for和so。

We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train to leave

我们急忙赶往车站，因为火车很快就要开了。

The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went did老师让苏姗到她那去，因此她就去了。

三、复合句主句+连词+从句

包含一个主句，一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分，如主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语等。中考主要考宾语、定语、状语从句。注意引导词、语序和时态。

初中英语句子成分分析练习

巩固练习 同义句转换

1There is only a chair in the room同义句转换

There is _________ _________a chair in the room

2 MrsSmith is busy She is doing her housework now

MrsSmith is_________ _________ her housework now

3The teacher said，“Don’t cheat in exams，children!”

The teacher told the children _________ _________ cheat in exams

4Nick was so tired that he couldn’t walk any further 全品中考网

Nick was _____________________________ any further

5We can’t finish the project on time unless you support us

The project can’t be finished on time ______________________________

6Shall we watch the exciting ping-pong match together

______________________________watch the exciting ping-pong match together

7My cousin usually walks to school every morning 改为同义句

My cousin usually goes to school _________ _________ every morning 对划线部分提问

__________ _________is your friend

9 “Are you going to visit Zi Gong next Week”Father asked me改为间接引语

Father asked me __________I________going to visit Zi Gong next week 对划线部分提问

___________ _________you use to stay on family holidays

11James spent ten years making this amazing film保持句意基本不变

__________ _________James ten years to make this amazing film

12Chris has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup

Karen has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup, too 合并为一句

_________Chris _________Karen have gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup

13Visitors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food改为简单句

Visitors love this city__________ _________its historical sights and delicious food

14 对划线部分提问

___________________from Fukang to Unmnqi by bus 对划线部分提问

_______________this new puter __________________

16、不同句子结构的转换，主要指简单句、并列句和复合句间的转换

1We found him a good pupil We found _______ ______ _______ a good pupil

2The room is so all that my family can't live in it

The room isn't ______ _______ ____ my family ___ live in

The room is ______ all ________ my family _______ live in

3His grandfather died ten years ago It ____ ten years ___ his grandfather ______

4I'm not sure what I should do next I'm not sure _____ ___ ____ next

5Hurry up, or you'll miss the train ___ you ___ hurry up, you'll miss the train

17、根据句意的转换

1 Yesterday everyone of us went to the farm except Lucy

________ Lucy _______ go to the farm with us yesterday

2Sam is friendly to his clas ates and his clas ates are friendly to him

Sam _______ ______ well with his clas ates

3Lily was born ten minutes earlier than I was I am ten minutes _______ than Lily

4English is spoken by the largest number of people in the world

English _____ the largest number of ________ in the world

5It's your turn to do it It's _____ ____ you to do it

6 It rained heavily last night There ______ _____ _____ last night

7 The building is beautiful and there are many tall trees around it

The building _____ many tall trees all _______ is beautiful

8 I spent two hours reading the book yesterday

_____ ______ me two hours ______ _____ the book yesterday

9 He bought the book two weeks ago He _____ _____ the book ____ two weeks

10 You're very kind to help me with my maths

___ __ very kind ___ you ___ help me with my maths

11 My grandfather died ten years ago

My grandfather ______ ______ ______ ______ ten years ago

12 I think it is different from Chinese names I don't think it is _____ _____ as Chinese names

13 They planted millions of trees to save the farmland

They planted millions of trees _____ _____ the farmland _____ ____ saved

15The man thinks the same as I The man ______ ______ me

英语十大词类：英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类,即名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词、数词、冠词介词连词和感叹词。这些词在句子中做各种成分。

1主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物（动作的执行者），一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。

He likes watching TV 他喜欢看电视。

China is a great country中国是个伟大的国家。

2谓语

谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。

一般可分为两类：

1)简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。

We study for the people 我们为人民学习。

2)复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式

I can speak a little Eng”lish

我可以说一点英语。

3宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。

We like English 我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。

He gave me some ink 他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：

We make him our monitor 我们选他当班长。

4 表语

表语就是放在连系动词之后（连系动词+表语构成谓语）,用来说明主语的身份,特征，属性或状态等一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等等来充当。

[系动词亦称联系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。主要系动词有fall, be,keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,seem, appear, look ,feel, smell, sound, taste,become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come等 ]

例如(在例句中,表语用大写体表示):

1Work is STRUGGLE (名词)

工作就是斗争

2MrZhang became a TAXI DRIVER (名词)

张先生成为出租车司机了

3Our future is BRIGHT (形容词)

我们的前途是光明的

4He is OUT (副词)

他出去了

5These books are YOURS (代词)

这些书都是你的

6Two times four is EIGHT (数词)

2乘以4是等于8

7The result of the test is DISAPPOINTING (分词)

测验的成积令人失望

8Her work was WASHING and COOKING (动名词)

她的工作是洗衣服和做饭

9Your task is TO LOOK AFTER these children (不定式)

你的任务是照顾这些孩子们

10Her mother is IN GOOD HEALTH (介词短语)

她的妈妈很健康

11What surprised us most was THAT YOU SPOKE ENGLISH SO WELL (从句)

最令我们大为吃惊是你英语说得这么好

定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。

He is a new student 他是个新生。

Do you know my boy-friend

但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。

The bike in the room is mine 房间里的自行车是我的。

状语

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

1 副词一般在句子中做状语．

He speaks English very well

He is playing under the tree中的under the tree

2 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。

I come specially to see you

3介词短语

My parents often tell us about their bitter life

in the past

Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian

The boy was praised for his bravery

4从句作状语

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian

If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you

5分词作状语

Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another

关于宾语从句

宾语从句,由主谓宾构成的句子,当它的宾语部分是由一个句子充当时,这个句子就叫做有宾语从句的主从复合句。如下图所示宾语从句的概念:复合句:简单句:

宾语从句的学习往往与引语学习紧密相连。引语分为直接引语和间接引语。

直接引语就是直接引用别人所说的话,一般放在冒号后引号中；间接引语则是转述别人所说的话,句中没有冒号引号。

如:小明说:"我爸爸是一个教师,"这是一个直接引语；小明说他爸爸是一个教师,这就是一个间接引语,间接引语就是宾语从句。那么我们只要学会如何把直接引语变成间接引语,就掌握了宾语从句的用法。

直接引语变成间接宾语要注意三个问题:

(1)连接词；(2)语序问题；(3)主句与从句时态保持一致。

直接引语按句子功能可分为:陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及祈使句。

一、当直接引语是陈述句变间接引语:

(1)连接词用that。that没有任何意义,可省略,只是表示that后面的句子是一个宾语；

(2)语序不变,即陈述语序；

(3)主从时态一致,当主句是一般现在时,从句可用任何时态；当主句是过去时,从句的时态要用相对应的过去时态。

如:"My father is a teacher"分别用Xiao Ming says和Xiao Ming said变宾语从句:Xiao Ming says that his father is a teacherXiao Ming said that his father was a teacher

二、当直接引语为一般疑问句时:

(1)连接词用if或whether,可译为"是否"；

(2)语序恢复成陈述语序；(3)主从时态保持一致。

如:"Are you a teacher？"分别用"He asks···"和"He asked···"变宾语从句:He asks me if I am a teacherHe asked me if I

was a teacher

三、当直接引语为特殊疑问句时:

(1)连接词用特殊疑问词；(2)语序恢复成陈述语序；(3)主从时态一致。

如:1、"What are you doing？"分别用"Can you tell me···"和"He asked···"来变宾语从句:

Can you tell me what you are doing挂 你能告诉我你在做什么吗？

He asked what you were doing 他问你在做什么。

2、"How many people are there in your family？"分别用"He asks me···"和"He asked···"变宾语从句:

He asks me how many people there are in my fami-ly 他问我在我家里有多少人。

He asked how many people there were in your fami-ly 他问在你家里有多少人。在这个例子中how many people是一个疑问词组,不可分开。

四、当直接引语是祈使句:

(1)不需要连接词；(2)改为不定式短语做宾语补足语。

如:The mother said to me, "Please make your bed" The mother told me to make my bed

关于定语从句

定语从句也称形容词性从句，在整个句子中起定语的作用。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词和代词之后，这种名词和代词被称为先行词。

引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。其中，关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which等，在从句中可作主语、宾语，定语等；关系副词有when, where, why等词，在定语从句中只用作状语。其中：

1 who, whom, whose指人，在从句中分别作主语（在非正式英语中也可作宾语,但可省略）、宾语和定语；whose也可指物，作定语；that可指人，也可指物，在从句中可作主语，也可作宾语；which指物，在从句中可作主语，也可作宾语。注意：whom, that, which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。请看例句：

1）The man who was here yesterday is a painter

2) The man (who) I saw is called Smith

3) I know the man (whom) you mean

4) A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan

5) I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea

6) A letter that is written in pencil is hard to read

7) The letter (that) I received from him yesterday is very important

8) Is he the man that sells eggs

9) That is the boy (that) you are looking for

2 When 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在从句中都作状语。例如：

1) We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better

2) He has reached the point where a change is needed

3) That is no reason why you should leave

定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。限定性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面修饰、限定先行词，它与先行词之间没有逗号，去掉后会影响全句意思的完整性。非限定性定语从句用来解释、说明先行词或主句所指内容，与先行词之间用逗号隔开。

1) I like to chat with John, who is a clever fellow

2) Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses

这个问题其实很简单。

首先定语从句是形容词性从句，在限定性定语从句中，被修饰词叫做“先行词”，而用来引导定语从句的引导词是代替先行词在从句中作相应的成分，这些成分一般包括：主、宾、表、定、状语几种。判断其成分要先看从句，不要先受主句的影响，一个英语句子必有动词作谓语，动作的发出者就是主语了这是不可缺少的！！关键的一步就是看动词是及物动词（必须有宾语）还是不及物动词（不能直接加宾语），及物动词后无宾语，则引导词代替先行词在句中充当宾语，若是不及物动词则引导词不做宾语。缺主语时一目了然。

如主宾表都不缺，在看先行词雨引导词后的名词是否存在所属关系，若有则做的是定语（通常用whose）以上都不是就只剩状语了，至于是时间状语还是地点状语就自己判断好啦。再加上对引导词用法的了解，就没什么大问题了。

定语从句是三大从句之一，内容繁多，不能一一介绍，请见谅！！

直接引语与间接引语

一． 基本概念

1、直接引语：一字不改地引述别人的话 He said,“I am a student．”(带引号)

2．间接引语：用说话人自己的话转述别人的话 He said he was a student．

二． 直接引语变间接引语（一）（人称变换规则同下）

1．如果直接引语所在的句中的谓语动词是现在时或将来时态,改为间接引语时,时态不变

EgHe says “I didn’t go to school today”

He says that he didn’t go to school that day

2．如果直接引语讲述的是客观真理现象,改为间接引语时,其一般现在时不变

EgThe teacher said ,“The earth is round ”

The teacher said that the earth is round

三．直接引语变间接引语（二）

1．如果说话时间与引述时间不同,即引述某人过去说过的话,则动词时态要作相应的变化即动词时态一律向过去推移一步（主句为过去式时）

2．变换规则（指的是间接引语中的从句部分）

（1）人称的变化 ------ 一随主,二随宾,三不变

（2）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

1〉指示代词的变化

this---- that these----those

2〉时间状语的变化

now---- then,ago---- before,today----that day,yesterday----the day before,tomorrow----the next day,the day before yesterday----two days before,the day after tomorrow----two days later,next week/month,etc---- the next week/month,etclast week/month,etc---- the week/month before

3〉地点状语的变化

here----there

4〉动词的变化

come----go

（3）时态的变化

1〉一般现在时-------一般过去时

2〉现在进行时-------过去进行时

3〉现在完成时-------过去完成时

4〉一般过去时-------过去完成时

5〉过去完成时-------过去完成时

6〉一般将来时-------过去将来时

四．变换类型

1．直接引语为陈述句

直接引语为陈述句,用that引导（口语中可以省略）

e．g．直接引语：The teacher told the students,“I will give you a surprise． ”

间接引语：The teacher told the students that she would give them a surprise．

2．直接引语为疑问句（1）

直接引语为一般疑问句时,由whether或if引导,用陈述句的语序

e．g．直接引语：He said to us,“Are you going away today”

间接引语：He asked us whether/if we were going away that day．

直接引语为疑问句（2）

直接引语为特殊疑问句时,其关联词用相应的疑问代词或疑问副词,其后用陈述语序

e．g．直接引语：She asked,“Who will help me finish the job”

间接引语：She asked who would help her finish the job．

e．g．直接引语：He asked,“What have you done”

间接引语：He asked what I had done．

直接引语为疑问句（3）

直接引语为选择疑问句,变为间接引语时应用whether…or…

e．g．直接引语：“Do you like tea or coffee” she asked me

间接引语：She asked me whether I liked tea or coffee．

3．直接引语为祈使句

直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式它的否定是在to前加not它没有时态的变化其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同

e．g．直接引语：I said to her,“Please give me a glass of water”

间接引语：I asked her to give me a glass of water．

直接引语：He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys”

间接引语：He told the boys not to make so much noise

4．直接引语为感叹句

直接引语若是感叹句,变为间接引语时多采用宾语从句结构,即可用what或how引导,也可用that引导

e．g．直接引语：“ What a clever boy you are!” ,my teacher said to him

间接引语：My teacher told him what a clever boy he was

My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy

谓语动词是由be或get等联系动词加实义动词的过去分词组成，这样的句子就是被动语态。

引导宾语从句的词有

1、直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时用that引导。

2、直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时用if/whether引导。

3、直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时用when, what, where, how, why, who, whose等特殊疑问词引导。

你的问题提得太泛。

（1）当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，如果是引用原话，被引用的部分就称为直接引语（Direct Speech），否则称为间接引语（Indirect Speech）

直接引语通常都用引号（“”）括起来，间接引语多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。

（2）如果引用的句子原来是个陈述句，在间接引语中我们就要注意下面几点：

1）根据意思改变人称：

如：He said,“I go to the beach every Saturday”

变成He said he went to the beach every Saturday

2）如果主句的谓语动词said或told为过去时，由直接变为间接引语时，从句的时态要有变化。

eg: She said,“I am mad at Marcia”

变为→She said she was mad at Marcia

eg: He said,“I am doing my homework”

变为→He said he was doing his homework

He told me,“I will call you tomorrow”

变为→He told me he would call me tomorrow

（3）时态要降级

在直接引语向间接引语转换的过程中，不仅要进行句式上的转换，而且常常要在时间、地点、人称等方面作相应的转换。本文就高一所学直接引语转换间接引语用法归纳如下：

1．若直接引语为陈述句，则间接引语需改为以that所引导的宾语从句。如：

The man said，“I often come t owork very early”．→The man said that he often came to work very early．

2．若直接引语为祈使句，则间接引语需改为动词不定式形式，原动词say也要改为可以带动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词如tell，ask，order，advise等。如：

1）Father said to me，“look after your sister．”→Father told me to look

after my sister．

2）Mrs Black said to the students angrily，“Don’t make any noise again．”

→Mrs Black ordered the students not to make any noise again．

3．若直接引语为一般疑问句，则间接引语改为以if，whether引导的宾语从句，原动词say也要改为ask。如：

1）“Do you usually do some washing on Sundays？”Joan said to me．→Joan asked me if／whether I usually did some washing on Sundays．

2）The driver said to the woman，“Could you tell me the way to the bus station？”→The driver asked the woman whether／if she could tell him the way to the bus station．

4．如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，则间接引语要改为以这个特殊疑问词为连接代词或连接副词所引导的宾语从句。

1）“What are you going to do next Friday afternoon？”Han Mei asked me．

→Han Mei asked me what I was going to do the next Friday afternoon．

2）The boy asked，“How do you know the rule of that game？”→The boy asked

how I knew the rule of that game．

5．如果直接引语是选择疑问句，则间接引语要根据选择疑问句的类型来确定：属于一般疑问句开头的选择疑问句，间接引语改为以if或whether引导的宾语从句；属于特殊疑问句开头的选择疑问句，间接引语则要改为以该疑问词引导的宾语从句。如：

1）“Will you go to the museum this weekend or next weekend？”Zhang Yin asked me．→Zhang Yin asked me whether／if I would go to the museum this weekend．

2）“Which bus shall I take to the Xinlong Department Store，No2 bus or No3 bus？”The villager asked the policeman．→The villager asked the policeman which bus she should take to the Xinlong Department Store．

精简一点就是

1,时态的变化:主句为现在或将来时态时,间接引语的时态不变;主句为过去时态时,间接引语则一般都改成过去时态'但表示自然科学和真理之类的仍以现在时出现

2today--that day

this morning--that morning

tonight--that night

now--then

yesterday--the day before

tomorrow--the next day

3地点状语的变化:here--there

4人称的变化

5指示代词的变化

6直接引语为陈述句,改为间接引语时引述动词常用say,tell等直接引语为疑问句,变成间接引语时引述动词常用say,ask,wonder,inquire等

7疑问句直接引语改成间接引语后成了宾语从句,使用陈述句的语序

8祈使句改成间接引语时,变为动词不定式,而不是一个从句